Результаты поиска

Mpox virus poxin-schlafen fusion protein suppresses innate antiviral response by sequestering STAT2.

Mpox virus (MPXV) has to establish efficient interferon (IFN) antagonism for effective replication. MPXV-encoded IFN antagonists have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the IFN antagonism of poxin-schlafen (PoxS) fusion gene of MPXV was characterized. MPXV PoxS was capable of decreasing cGAS-produced 2'3'-cGAMP, like its ortholog poxin of vaccinia virus, which is the first known cytosolic nuclease that hydrolyses the 3'-5' bond of 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). However, MPXV PoxS did not suppress cGAS-STING-mediated type I IFN production. Instead, MPXV PoxS antagonized basal and type I IF

Inactivation of bacterial and viral biothreat agents on metallic copper surfaces.

In recent years several studies in laboratory settings and in hospital environments have demonstrated that surfaces of massive metallic copp … of Gram-positive endospore-forming Bacillus anthracis. Additionally, we also tested inactivation of monkeypox virus and vaccinia virus on copper. This group of pathogens comprises biothreat species (or their close relatives) classified by the Center for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) as microbial select agents posing severe threats to public health and …

Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay for Vesicular Viruses.

Differentiation and detection of viruses causing vesicular/mucocutaneous lesions are essential for patient management. This study evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the Novaplex™ HSV-1&2/VZV/MPXV multiplex real-time PCR assay (Novaplex), designed for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV), herpes virus types 1 and 2 (HSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It was compared with Singleplex PCRs as reference methods. Analytical sensitivity was assessed only for MPXV using viral stocks of clades Ia, Ib, and IIb, while clinical performances for HSV, VZV and MPXV were…

The Role of Public Health Interventions and Control Measures During Mpox Outbreaks: Enhancing Strategies for Disease Prevention and Management.

Mpox (formerly-monkeypox) is the second viral pit break after COVID-19. It is a zoonotic viral illness caused by an orthopox virus belonging to the same genus as various cowpox and vaccinia viruses. The mpox virus has two clades, clade IIb, responsible for the disease's global expansion in 2022. The virus can be isolated from rodents, squirrels, and dormice; however, the actual reservoir is unknown. Animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission can occur through noninvasive as well as invasive routes. The disease is more prevalent among homosexuals and injectable drug users, as long-term con

Mpox in a non-HIV immunosuppressed host: a case report from Nigeria.

There is a lack of studies describing the impact of mpox in non-HIV immunosuppressed conditions such as severe autoimmune disorders, haemato … ile rash syndrome and a history of sexual exposure with a heterosexual partner with a febrile rash. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA levels in lesional swabs were quantified by qPCR, which returned positive and negative, respectively. Genomic sequencing was performed, and clade 2b was identified as the infecting clade of the virus. She …

Mpox-Induced Proctitis.

INTRODUCTION: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus, which has a variable incubation period and an extensive array of symptoms. While those infected with Mpox have displayed generalized viral prodromal symptoms, atypical symptoms such as proctitis have also been seen. Proctitis associated with Mpox is a relatively infrequent initial presenting symptom with a reported incidence of 14-32.9% that has seen an uptick in prevalence since the 2022 global endemic. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a confirmed case of Mpox in a 27-year-old male who presented wit

Серологические доказательства заражения ортопоксивирусом в неотропических приматах в Бразилии.

Ортопоксивирус (OPXV) семейства Poxviridae состоит из нескольких вирусов, способных заразить широкий круг носителей. Одним из наиболее широко распространенных ФПXV является вирус Вакцинии (VACV), который циркулирует в зоонотических циклах в Южной Америке, особенно в Бразилии, заражая домашних и диких животных и людей и причиняя экономические потери, а также воздействуя на здоровье населения. Несмотря на это, мало что известно о наличии и/или воздействии неотропических приматов на ортопоксивирусы в стране. В этом исследовании мы сообщаем о результатах поиска свидетельств заражения ОPVX в неотро

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) of the family Poxviridae comprises several viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. One o … the circulation of OPXV in neotropical free-living primates are necessary, especially now, with the monkeypox virus being detected in new regions of the planet.

Variola and monkeypox viruses utilize conserved mechanisms of virion motility and release that depend on abl and SRC family tyrosine kinases.

Vaccinia virus (VacV) enters mammalian cells, replicates extranuclearly, and produces virions that move to the cell surface along microtubul … reat chronic myelogenous leukemia in humans. Here we demonstrate that the Poxviridae family members monkeypox virus (MPX) and variola virus (VarV) use conserved mechanisms for actin motility and extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) release. Furthermore, we show that imatinib mesylate is effective in a mouse model of infection with VacV, whether delivered prophyla …

Smallpox vaccines: Past, present, and future.

The global eradication of smallpox was a tremendous achievement made possible by the development of an effective vaccine. Routine vaccination of the general population is no longer recommended. However, stocks of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, still exist in 2 secure laboratories, and permanent disposal has been controversial. In addition, there is speculation that variola virus may exist outside of these 2 facilities, and there is a concern that the threat of smallpox will be used as a bioterrorist weapon. In 2002, this concern led to a vaccination campaign in US military and

Cross-species transfer of viruses: implications for the use of viral vectors in biomedical research, gene therapy and as live-virus vaccines.

All living organisms are continuously exposed to a plethora of viruses. In general, viruses tend to be restricted to the natural host specie … rus, haemorrhagic fever viruses, arboviruses, Nipah and Hendra viruses, avian influenza virus (AI), monkeypox virus, and the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The opportunities for cross-species transfer of mammalian viruses have increased in recent years due to increased contact between humans and animal reservoirs. However, it is difficult to predict when …

Identification and nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of Shope fibroma virus.

The thymidine kinase (TK) gene of Shope fibroma virus (SFV), a tumorigenic leporipoxvirus, was localized within the viral genome with degenerate oligonucleotide probes. These probes were constructed to two regions of high sequence conservation between the vaccinia virus TK gene and those of several known eucaryotic cellular TK genes, including human, mouse, hamster, and chicken TK genes. The oligonucleotide probes initially localized the SFV TK gene 50 kilobases (kb) from the right terminus of the 160-kb SFV genome within the 9.5-kb BamHI-HindIII fragment E. Fine-mapping analysis indicated tha

Bayesian reconstruction of the evolutionary history and cross-species transition of variola virus and orthopoxviruses.

Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is an exclusively human virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, which includes many other viral species covering a wide range of mammal hosts, such as vaccinia, cowpox, camelpox, taterapox, ectromelia, and monkeypox virus. The tempo and mode of evolution of Orthopoxviruses were reconstructed using a Bayesian phylodynamic framework by analysing 80 hemagglutinin sequences retrieved from public databases. Bayesian phylogeography was used to estimate their putative ancestral hosts. In order to estimate the substitution rate, the tree inclu…

Generation of a specific-pathogen-free baboon colony.

We undertook establishing an SPF baboon colony in response to requests from researchers. To enable the widest possible future use of SPF baboons, our aim was to develop an SPF colony of baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) free of 12 target viruses: 5 herpesviruses, 4 retroviruses, simian virus 40, measles, and monkeypox. Infant baboons were removed from their mothers within 24 h of birth and nursery-reared. Groups of 3 to 8 age-matched conspecifics were isolated in separate rooms for 1 y while undergoing repeated testing for target viruses. During the initial 7 y of the SPF program, 171 infants w

High-throughput multiplex immunoassay for the detection of mpox and MVA-BN vaccination up to 2 years after exposure in Belgium: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Mpox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), has gained global attention following several international outbreaks. Accurate and high-throughput detection of MPXV-specific antibodies is essential for surveillance programmes, diagnosis, and vaccine trials. We therefore evaluated the long-term accuracy of an mpox multiplex immunoassay that measures IgG responses to 11 orthopoxvirus antigens. METHODS: The assay was validated in a diagnostic accuracy study involving a Belgian cohort of clade IIb MPXV-infected individuals (n=211) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) v…

Urogenital Manifestations in Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Monkeypox (mpox), caused by mpox virus (MPXV) infection, reemerged in 2022 and still raises concerns globally. Abundant clinical data indicate that mpox is a sexually transmitted infection and that the urogenital system is the most frequently involved system in mpox, which deserves more attention. Penile lesions are the most common presentation, followed by urethritis. Acute urine retention and acute kidney injury are relatively rare but also highly crucial. Currently, the majority of the urogenital lesions are considered complications secondary to MPXV infection and the common immunosuppressi

Tracing the journey of poxviruses: insights from history.

The historical significance of the poxviruses is profound, largely due to the enduring impact left by smallpox virus across many centuries. The elimination of smallpox is a remarkable accomplishment in the history of science and medicine, with centuries of devoted efforts resulting in the development and widespread administration of smallpox vaccines. This review provides insight into the pivotal historical events involving medically significant poxviruses. Understanding the remarkable saga of combatting smallpox is crucial, serving as a guidepost for potential future encounters with poxvirus

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of monkeypox: A clinically oriented comprehensive review.

Monkeypox (MPX) has emerged as a threatening outbreak in recent months. The understanding of disease pathogenesis and its systemic involvement has evolved with time. Both the virus and its vaccine, like other members of the Orthopoxvirus family, were always expected to have neuropsychiatric consequences. Several neurological complications have been reported with MPX and its vaccines that include but not limited to headaches, myalgia, encephalitis, and coma. Psychiatric complications like anxiety and depression have also been reported; however, we lack evidence to present a direct causality. We

Mpox: The Reemergence of an Old Disease and Inequities.

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is caused by an Orthopoxvirus related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Prior to 2022, mpox was considered a zoonotic disease endemic to central and west Africa. Since May 2022, more than 86,000 cases of mpox from 110 countries have been identified across the world, predominantly in men who have sex with men, most often acquired through close physical contact or during sexual activity. The classical clinical presentation of mpox is a prodrome including fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy followed by a characteristic vesiculopustular rash. The rece

Development of Vaccinia reporter viruses for rapid, high content analysis of viral function at all stages of gene expression.

Vaccinia virus is the prototypical orthopoxvirus of Poxviridae, a family of viruses that includes the human pathogens Variola (smallpox) and Monkeypox. Core viral functions are conserved among orthopoxviruses, and consequently Vaccinia is routinely used to study poxvirus biology and screen for novel antiviral compounds. Here we describe the development of a series of fluorescent protein-based reporter Vaccinia viruses that provide unprecedented resolution for tracking viral function. The reporter viruses are divided into two sets: (1) single reporter viruses that utilize temporally regulated e

Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread.

Although orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are known to encode a majority of the genes required for replication in host cells, genome-wide genetic screens have revealed that several host pathways are indispensable for OPXV infection. Through a haploid genetic screen, we previously identified several host genes required for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, including the individual genes that form the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. The COG complex is an eight-protein (COG1-COG8) vesicle tethering complex important for regulating membrane trafficking, glycosylation enzymes, and maintaining Golgi…