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Производство антител (1941) Ф. М. Burnet или Burnet, Freeman, Jackson и Lush: Сотрудничество в исследованиях.

Маленькая 75-страничная книга, The Production of Antibodies: A review and a Theoretical Disclusion была опубликована 84 года назад, в 1941 году. Авторство, как правило, приписывают Фрэнсису МакФарлану Бурнету (1889-1985 годы), нобле Лауреату 1960 года за его исследование по приобретенной иммунной терпимости и признанным самым известным австралийским учёным. Пересмотренное издание в 1949 году было подготовлено совместно с Фрэнком Феннером (1914 - 2010 годы), другим выдающимся австралийским вирусологом, которого лучше всего запомнили за ликвидацию оспы в Австралии и за контроль над населением кр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A slim 75-page 'book,' The Production of Antibodies: A Review and a Theoretical Discussion was published 84 years ago, in 1941. The authorsh … rney takes us into research on influenza, poliomyelitis, smallpox, myxomatosis, herpes, Q fever and scrub typhus undertaken by brilliant scientists who contributed to important advances in virology and immunology with one tragic consequence.

Nitric oxide enhanced the growth of an obligated intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi in murine macrophages.

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. It is an obligate intracellular bacterium that grows only in eukaryotic cells. Macrophages play an important role in innate immunity by surveilling the human body for pathogens. In present study, it was demonstrated that O. tsutsugamushi propagated well in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, but not in non-activated macrophages. In LPS-activated macrophages, the expression of Nos2, which encodes the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), was highly upregulated compared to those in non-activated macrophages. Parallel to this …

CKD and Infectious Diseases in Asia Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities.

The exact number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asia Pacific is uncertain. In numeric terms, the region is home to the lar … of several infectious diseases prevalent in Asia Pacific. Examples include malaria, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Hantaan virus infections. The contribution of infection-associated acute kidney injury to the overall burden of CKD has not been evaluated systematically. Research is needed to qu …

Seasonal occurrence of Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari: Trombiculidae) attached to sentinel rodents in an orchard near Bangkok, Thailand.

Leptotrombidium deliense Walch that attached to sentinel laboratory mice and the roof rat, Rattus rattus (L.), placed in an orchard habitat near Bangkok, Thailand, were studied between April 1993 and April 1995. A single L. deliense larva was attached to only 1 of 51 laboratory mice placed in the study area between April and September 1993. Overall, 89/202 (44.1%) R. rattus had 1 or more L. deliense larvae attached, and Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi), the etiologic agent for scrub typhus, was isolated from liver/spleen samples of 2/202 (1.0%) rats placed in an endemic area for a single night…

:: Молекулярное обнаружение пятнистой лихорадочной группы Рикитцзеев в случаях острого энцефалитного синдрома из восточной части региона Уттар-Прадеш в Индии.

Восточная область Уттар-Прадеш в Индии известна своей эндемией синдрома острого энцефалита (AES). Десятилетия исследований показали, что < < Ориентия цуцугамуши > > , являющаяся причиной скруба тифа, вносит значительный вклад (>60%) в рассмотрение дел, связанных с АЭС, помимо других видов аэтологии, однако дополнительные факторы в оставшейся доле попрежнему неизвестны. Рикитциальные инфекции трудно диагностировать в клинических условиях из-за перекрывающихся клинических симптомов, отсутствия окончательных показателей, низкого показателя подозрительности и отсутствия недорогостоящих

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India is known for its endemicity of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Decades of research have established that Orientia tsutsugamushi, a causative of scrub typhus, is a substantial contributor (>60%) for the AES cases besides other aetiology, but additional factors in the remaining proportion are still unidentified. Ric…

Sequelae Following Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Caused by Orientia Tsutsugamushi.

We evaluated 146 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, after median interval of 5 months of hospitalization, to estimate the proportion and spectrum of disability. Fifty-six (38.4%) had mild, whereas 19 (13%) had moderate to severe degree of disability. Most patients had impairment in the domain of cognition and behavior.

Differences in Clinical and Laboratory Features for Different Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Guangzhou, Southern China.

PURPOSE: To describe the genotypes distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi, in Guangzhou, and explore differences in clinical and laboratory features among genotypes. METHOD: We collected blood or eschar samples of all scrub typhus cases reported in 2013 from 10 district hospitals positive for PCR. We further tested the PCR-positive samples for DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We collected the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data by questionnaire and medical records. RESULT: A total of 589 samples were tested and 40 were PCR positive. Four genotypes were identified: Karp (52.2%…

[Clinical characteristics of 32 cases of tsutsugamushi disease in Suqian Municipality].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the clinical characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in Suqian Municipality, Jiangsu Province so as to guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS: The clinical data of 32 patients diagnosed as tsutsugamushi disease in our hospital during the past 2 years were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Tsutsugamushi disease occurred frequently between August and December. All the 32 patients had the history of contacting grass and brushwood, and all of them showed the signs of pyrexia, eschar, ulcer, swelling of lymph nodes and rash. Liver damages were observ

Tsutsugamushi disease in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan: clinical report of two cases and survey of other incidences in 1998.

Tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by the early appearance of a black crust at the bitten area and the subsequent development of macular or macropapular rush on the whole body with high fever. While treatment with tetracycline derivatives and chloramphenicols is effective, delayed diagnosis or inappropriate treatment will lead to fatality. In this report, we describe two typical cases of tsutsugamushi disease and discuss other incidences in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, in 1998. One of the present two patients was diagnosed to be a case of the new type by Kawasaki strain of Rickettsia tsutsu

Comparative epidemiological studies on vector/reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease between high and low endemic areas in Korea.

Comparative epidemiological studies on vector reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease were carried out in between south coast (the highest endemic) areas and east coast (low endemic) areas in October 1993. Fauna of field rodents and their population densities were not different between two areas. Antibody positive rate of Apodemus agrarius sera was higher in east coast (43.2% in south coast and 63.6% in east coast). High correlation (r = 0.87) was shown between antibody positive rate of A. agrarius sera and population density of the vector mites (Leptotrombidium scutellare and L. pallidum).

[The use of polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in wild rodents].

We studied the applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of R. tsutsugamushi in wild rodents. The PCR method which amplified the gene coding for the group-specific antigen of R. tsutsugamushi was used in this study. Specific PCR products (88 bp) were obtained with the DNAs from three reference strains (Gilliam, Karp, and Kato) and two cell culture adapted field isolates (KN-1 and GJ-1). The minimum number detectable by the PCR method was estimated to be 1.3 copies of rickettsial genome. In a study with experimentally infected mice, the PCR method could detect ri

Characterization of a new antigenic type, Kuroki, of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from a patient in Japan.

The Kuroki strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, isolated from a patient in Kyushu, Japan, has a major, type-specific antigenic polypeptide which is distinct from the prototype strains in size (58 kilodaltons), in antigenicity, and in its cleavage pattern with N-chlorosuccinimide. These results indicate that Kuroki is another antigenic type of R. tsutsugamushi.

Rickettsiae and hosts.

Protective immunity to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a murine model is dependent upon the development of cell mediated immunity, as demonstrated by lymphocyte transfer, production of lymphokines and -interferon by thymus-derived lymphocytes, activation of macrophages by lymphokines and demonstration of delayed-type hypersensitivity response following exposure to these organisms. Infection of mice with small numbers of Rickettsia typhi inoculated by a peripheral route leads to a more complex pattern of immune development, with a distinction between resistance to local and systemic infection. Neve

Clinical and immunologic responses of silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) to experimental reinfection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi.

Silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) that had recovered from active Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections 14 months previously became rickettsemic when inoculated with homologous, related, or unrelated strains of R. tsutsugamushi. In contrast to the results after the initial infection that produced disease, no signs were observed after the subsequent infections. Most animals responded with detectable titers of antibody to the Karp antigen regardless of the inoculated strains. Strains recovered during rickettsemia usually had antigens related only to the challenge strains, but in three sil

Enzymatic activity of blood lymphocytes experimental tsutsugamushi fever in mice.

The influence of tsutsugamushi fever infection on the metabolism of blood lymphocytes of mice differing in susceptibility to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and of rifampicine and tetracycline treatment was studied. In susceptible mice, the activity of oxidation-reduction processes in lymphocytes increased at 7--10 days of the disease and became normal upon recovery of the animals. In mice with low susceptibility this increase of the activity began and terminated much earlier, at 3--5 days. Treatment of the infection with antibiotics resulted in a rapid arrest of the disease and normalization of the

Regional burden of undifferentiated fever and leading infectious etiologies of acute febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the pooled prevalence of the undifferentiated fever cases and the top 10 most investigated etiologies of AFI in LMICs … ology in LMICs was 7.9% for rickettsiosis, 5.7% for leptospirosis, 8.0% for enteric fever, 3.5% for scrub typhus, and 6.8% for streptococci, respectively. The pooled prevalence of fever of unknown origin among AFI cases was 36.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal significant regional and etiological variations among the leading AFI etiologies, with over one …