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Bile acids stimulate chloride secretion through CFTR and calcium-activated Cl- channels in Calu-3 airway epithelial cells.

Bile acids resulting from the aspiration of gastroesophageal refluxate are often present in the lower airways of people with cystic fibrosis … ambers. Electrogenic transepithelial ion transport was measured as short-circuit current (Isc). The taurine-conjugated secondary bile acid, taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), was found to be the most potent modulator of basal ion transport. Acute treatment (5 min) of Calu-3 cells with TDCA (25 μM) on the basolateral side caused a stimulation of Isc, and remova …

Ingenuity pathways analysis of urine metabolomics phenotypes toxicity of Chuanwu in Wistar rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS coupled with pattern recognition methods.

Chuanwu (CW), a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. The cause of CW-induced toxic … metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism were characterized, and it was confirmed that biochemical perturbations can be foreseen from these biomarkers. The urinary metabolomics based IPA with pattern recogni …

Characterization of two mutations, M287L and Q266I, in the α1 glycine receptor subunit that modify sensitivity to alcohols.

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are inhibitory ligand-gated ion channels. Ethanol potentiates glycine activation of the GlyR, and putative binding sites for alcohol are located in the transmembrane (TM) domains between and within subunits. To alter alcohol sensitivity of GlyR, we introduced two mutations in the GlyR α1 subunit, M287L (TM3) and Q266I (TM2). After expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, both mutants showed a reduction in glycine sensitivity and glycine-induced maximal currents. Activation by taurine, another endogenous agonist, was almost abolished in the M287L GlyR. The ethanol potenti…

Rat alpha6beta2delta GABAA receptors exhibit two distinct and separable agonist affinities.

The onset of motor learning in rats coincides with exclusive expression of GABAA receptors containing alpha6 and delta subunits in the granu … ther, the neuroactive steroid 5alpha-THDOC and classical glycine receptor agonists beta-alanine and taurine directly activated alpha6beta2delta receptors with high potency. Specific mutation within the GABA-dependent activation domain (betaY157F) impaired both low- and high-affinity components of GABA agonist activity in alpha6betaY157Fdelta receptors, bu …

Bile acids and Barrett's oesophagus: a sine qua non or coincidence?

BACKGROUND: Barrett's oesophagus (BO), a premalignant condition associated with the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), is thou … g and oesophageal aspiration studies in humans suggest a combined role for bile acids, particularly taurine conjugated bile acids, in causing oesophageal mucosal injury. Evidence from animal models has demonstrated that duodenal juice alone is also able to induce BO and/or OAC. Likewise, ex vivo studies with biopsies from BO patients show that increased p …

Bovine transcriptome analysis by SAGE technology during an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection.

In central and sub-Saharan Africa, trypanosomosis is a tsetse fly-transmitted disease, which is considered as the most important impediment to livestock production in the region. However, several indigenous West African taurine breeds (Bos taurus) present remarkable tolerance to the infection. This genetic capability, named trypanotolerance, results from numerous biological mechanisms most probably under multigenic dependences, among which are control of the trypanosome infection by limitation of parasitemia and control of severe anemia due to the pathogenic effects. Today, some postgenomic bi…

Free amino acids in hearts of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: the effects of cyanosis, age, and pathology.

BACKGROUND: The immature heart has a much greater dependence than the adult heart on amino acid transamination in determining its ischemic t … s, then started to increase again (p < 0.05 for both linear and quadratic terms); concentrations of taurine and the branched chain AAs decreased steadily with increasing age (p < 0.05). There were significant effects of pathology on glutamate (p = 0.006), glutamine (p = 0.003), and branched chain AA (p = 0.004) levels. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence t …

Effects of methylmercury on primary brain cells in mono- and co-culture.

We report on the uptake of MeHg in astrocytes and neurons, as well as specific indicators of neurotoxicity. Cerebellar granule neurons and a … as astrocytes showed an increase. Other amino acids, such as glutamine, serine, valine, isoleucine, taurine, and phenylalanine were unaffected by MeHg. Glutathione content showed MeHg concentration-dependent changes in astrocytes and was increased in neurons in co-culture incubated with 5 microM MeHg. In conclusion, astrocytes appear to increase neuronal …

Increased extracellular glutamate evoked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium [MPP(+)] in the rat striatum is not essential for dopaminergic neurotoxicity and is not derived from released glutathione.

A number of studies have implicated the interactions of the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (Glu) with its ionotropic and metabotropic rec … ased GSH. It is possible that the rise of extracellular levels of Glu, L-aspartate, L-glycine and L-taurine evoked by perfusions of 2.5 mM MPP(+) into the rat striatum may reflect, at least in part, the release of these amino acids from astrocytes.

Effects of putative epididymal osmolytes on sperm volume regulation of fertile and infertile c-ros transgenic Mice.

Volume regulation by spermatozoa has been demonstrated to be crucial in both mice and men for transport in the female tract. In order to det … ing. Of the osmolytes tested, K(+) caused the most rapid and extensive volume increases; glutamate, taurine, L-carnitine, and myo-inositol also were effective, but glycerophosphocholine was not. Such effects were not observed in cauda sperm from the infertile knockout mice, demonstrating a defect in normal volume regulation. K(+) concentrations in cauda e …

Melatonin disrupts circadian rhythms of glutamate and GABA in the neostriatum of the aware rat: a microdialysis study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible circadian changes in extracellular concentrations of glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). and the influence of melatonin on the levels of these neurotransmitters in the neostriatum of awake rats using in vivo microdialysis. At the same time, the concentrations of the amino acids taurine (TAU), glutamine (GLN) and arginine (ARG), as well as dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were measured in the extracellular fluid. When dialysates were collected over a 24-hr…

Serum amino acid changes in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis.

To date, no attempt has been made to study alterations occurring in the amino acid profile in chronic models of thioacetamide-induced liver … idine and proline were observed in rats with the resulting experimental liver cirrhosis. Threonine, taurine, glutamine, lysine and citrulline tended to increase while isoleucine, leucine, aspartate, arginine and tryptophan tended to decrease. Total and nonessential amino acids increased significantly in cirrhotic animals. Total essential and aromatic amin …

Bile constituents in ascitic fluid.

Bile acids and other bile constituents were determined in serum and ascites from eight patients with liver cirrhosis and in ascites secondary to malignancy in six patients. In cirrhotic ascites, total bile acid levels averaged 53% of the serum levels. A positive correlation was evident between ascites and serum levels for both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. For cholic acid, the ascites to serum ratio was higher in all patients compared with the corresponding ratio for chenodeoxycholic acid. The ascites to serum ratios for glycine, taurine and sulphate conjugates were similar, no tendency be…

Use of a gamma-labeled bile acid (75SeHCAT) as a test of ileal function. Methods of improving accuracy.

The object of the present study was to improve the accuracy of measurements of ileal function obtained by abdominal scanning and fecal counting after oral administration of the gamma-labeled bile acid 75seleno-homocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT), as current techniques do not distinguish between retention of the bile acid within the enterohepatic circulation from retention within the colon, and are also affected by incomplete stool collection when using the fecal method. We have therefore introduced the following modifications: (a) simultaneous ingestion of 51CrCl3 as a nonabsorbable correction …

Taurolidine lock reduces recurrent catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with chronic intestinal failure: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in a real-world clinical setting.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recurrent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a frequent, severe, and costly complication of home parenteral support (HPS) in patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF). While taurolidine-containing catheter locks have shown potential in preventing CRBSIs, real-world data on their effectiveness in reducing recurrent infections remain limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1.35% taurolidine-containing catheter lock solution compared to standard-of-care 0.9% saline for the secondary prevention of recurrent CRBSIs in adult CIF pati

Множественные пациенты, страдающие склерозом, имеют оральный дисбиоз с уменьшением числа колонизаторов и более низким уровнем гипотаурина.

Хотя дисбиоз кишечного микробиома связан с патобиологией множественного склероза (MS), роль перорального микробиома (OM), второго по величине микробиома, по-прежнему недостаточно понятна. Кроме того, в то время как слюнный метаболом связан с другими нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, его роль в людях с релапсирующими-излучающими MS (pwRRMS), наиболее распространенной формой MS, неизвестна. Комбинируя метагеномику дробовика с нецелевой метаболомией, мы выявили уменьшение изобилия нескольких ранних колонизирующих видов, включая Стрептококококку и Актиномику в ПВИРМС, и обогащение бактерий с пат

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Although gut microbiome dysbiosis is implicated in the pathobiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of the oral microbiome (OM), the se … and several Prevotella species. pwRRMS had an altered metabolite profile including a decreased hypotaurine compared to healthy controls. Thus we report altered oral microbiome and metabolome in pwRRMS which might contribute to MS pathobiology. These findings offer potential microbiome-metabolome based diagnostic biomarkers for MS and pave the way for nov …

Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma β-Amyloid Biomarkers, and Cognition from a 2-Year Phase 2 Trial Evaluating Oral ALZ-801/Valiltramiprosate in APOE4 Carriers with Early Alzheimer's Disease Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model.

INTRODUCTION: ALZ-801/valiltramiprosate is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and oligomer formation in late-stage development as a disease-modifying therapy for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present investigation provides a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) analysis of amyloid fluid biomarkers and cognitive results from a 2-year ALZ-801 Phase 2 trial in APOE4 carriers with early AD. METHODS: The single-arm, open-label phase 2 study evaluated effects of ALZ-801 265 mg two times daily (BID) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid fluid biomar

Cost-effectiveness of taurolidine-citrate in a cohort of patients with intestinal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) are associated with significant morbidity and financial costs. Taurolidine is associated with a reduction in bloodstream infections, with limited information on the cost-effectiveness as the primary prevention. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of using taurolidine-citrate for the primary prevention of CRBSIs within a quaternary hospital. METHODS: All patients with CIF receiving HPN were identified between January 2015 and N

Potential therapeutic implications of ergogenic compounds on pathophysiology induced by traumatic brain injury: A narrative review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating condition that often triggers a sequel of neurological disorders that can last throughout lifespan. From a metabolic viewpoint, the compromising of the energy metabolism of the brain has produced evidence linking the severity of brain injury to the extent of disturbances in the cerebral metabolism. The cerebral metabolic crisis, however, displays that regional heterogeneity varies temporally post-injury. It is important to note that energy generation and mitochondrial function are closely related and interconnected with delayed secondary manifestat

Effects of acamprosate on cognition in a treatment study of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and comorbid alcohol dependence.

Problems with memory and attention are common to both schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of acamprosate treatment on cognition and to assess whether the changes in drinking patterns or psychotic symptoms were related to changes in cognitive functioning. Outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and alcohol dependence (n = 23) were randomized (double-blind) to either acamprosate or placebo treatment for 12 weeks. Assessments (baseline and week 12) included alcohol use, symptoms of psychosis, memory, and attention. The results sh