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Human Dendritic Cells with Th2-Polarizing Capacity: Analysis Using Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics.

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the immune system. Upon recognition of a pathogen, they mature and migrate to draining lymph nodes to prime and polarize T cell responses. Although it is known that helminths and helminth-derived molecules condition DCs to polarize T helper (Th) cells towards Th2, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conduct a proteome analysis of helminth antigen-stimulated DCs in order to gain more insight into the cellular processes associated with their ability to polarize immune responses.

Impact of tobacco smoke on upper airway dendritic cell accumulation and regulation by sinonasal epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: In these studies we examined the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and active smoking on sinonasal dendritic cell (DC) subsets in controls or patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In subsequent in-vitro investigations, we examined the influence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on human sinonasal epithelial cells' (HSNECs) ability to regulate DC functions. METHODS: Sinonasal tissue, blood, and hair were collected from patients undergoing sinus surgery. Smoking status and ETS exposure were determined by hair nicotine. DC subsets were examined by

Dectin-2 is a primary receptor for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in dendritic cell response to Histoplasma capsulatum.

Inflammasome is an intracellular protein complex that serves as cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to engage with pathogens and to process cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family into bioactive molecules. It has been established that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is important to host defense against Histoplasma capsulatum infection. However, the detailed mechanism of how H. capsulatum induces inflammasome activation leading to IL-1β production has not been studied. Here, we showed in dendritic cells (DCs) that H. capsulatum triggers caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production through NLR

βIII Spectrin Is Necessary for Formation of the Constricted Neck of Dendritic Spines and Regulation of Synaptic Activity in Neurons.

Dendritic spines are postsynaptic structures in neurons often having a mushroom-like shape. Physiological significance and cytoskeletal mech … y and neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dendritic spines are small protrusions from neuronal dendrites that make synapses with axons of other neurons in the brain. Dendritic spines usually have a mushroom-like shape, which is essential for brain functions, because aberrant spine morphology is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders. The bulbo …

Lymphoma classification update: T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms.

Lymphomas are classified based on the normal counterpart, or cell of origin, from which they arise. Because lymphocytes have physiologic immune functions that vary both by lineage and by stage of differentiation, the classification of lymphomas arising from these normal lymphoid populations is complex. Recent genomic data have contributed additional depth to this complexity. Areas covered: Lymphoma classification follows the World Health Organization (WHO) system, which reflects international consensus and is based on pathological, genetic, and clinical factors. The present review focuses on t

Диндритический перенос флавивируса, переносимого клещами, с помощью нейронных гранул влияет на развитие неврологических заболеваний.

Неврологические заболевания, вызываемые энцефалитическими ароматами, являются серьезными и связаны с высоким уровнем смертности. Однако мало что известно о подробных механизмах вирусного воспроизведения и патогенности в мозге. Ранее мы сообщали, что геномная РНК вируса энцефалита (ТБЭВ), являющегося членом рода Флавивирус, переносится и повторяется в дендритах нейронов. В настоящем исследовании мы проанализировали механизм переноса вирусного генома на дендриты. Мы определили конкретные последовательности 5-футовой непереведённой области TBEV геномной РНК, которая выступает в качестве резиновог

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurological diseases caused by encephalitic flaviviruses are severe and associated with high levels of mortality. However, little is known … e encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus, is transported and replicated in the dendrites of neurons. In the present study, we analyzed the transport mechanism of the viral genome to dendrites. We identified specific sequences of the 5' untranslated region of TBEV genomic RNA that act as a cis-acting element for RNA transport. Mutated TB …

Enhanced effects of DNA vaccine against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A by targeting antigen to dendritic cells.

As dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in priming antigen-specific immune responses, the efficacy of DNA vaccines may be enhanced by targeting the encoded antigen proteins to DCs. In this study, we constructed a DC-targeted DNA vaccine encoding the Hc domain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (AHc) fused with scDEC, a single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) specific for the DC-restricted antigen-uptake receptor DEC205. Intramuscular injections of mice with the DC-targeted DNA vaccine (pVAX1-scDEC-AHc) stimulated more DCs to mature than the non-targeted DNA vaccine (pVAX1-SAHc) in the splenocyte

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Appendix Presenting as Acute Appendicitis: An Exceptionally Rare Case Report.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm that originates from dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles and shows low to intermediate malignant potential. It most commonly arises from lymph nodes, but may originate from a variety of extranodal sites. FDCS of appendix is exceptionally rare, and only a single case has been reported. Herein, we describe the clincopathological features of a case of FDCS originating from appendix with emphasis on being able to recognize this rare neoplasm in the context of the differential diagnosis of more common intraabdominal spindle cell tumors.

Batf3-dependent CD103(+) dendritic cell accumulation is dispensable for mucosal and systemic antifungal host defense.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for defense against a variety of pathogens and the formation of adaptive immune responses. The transcription factor Batf3 is critical for the development of CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs, which promote IL-12-dependent protective immunity during viral and parasitic infections, dampen Th2 immunity during helminthic infection, and exert detrimental effects during bacterial infection. Whether CD103(+) DCs modulate immunity during systemic or mucosal fungal disease remains unknown. Herein, we report that Batf3 is critical for accumulation of CD103(+) DCs in the kidney and

Human Dendritic Cells Mitigate NK-Cell Dysfunction Mediated by Nonselective JAK1/2 Blockade.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have achieved positive responses in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but at the expense of decreased natural killer (NK) cell numbers and compromised function. Selective JAK2 inhibition may also have a role in preventing and treating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although JAK inhibitors can impair monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) activation and function and suppress effector T-cell responses, the effects on NK cells and the relevant mechanisms remain undefined. Using common γc cytokines and distinct human de

Enzyme replacement therapy reverses B lymphocyte and dendritic cell dysregulations in patients with Gaucher Disease.

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA gene encoding lysosomal enzyme, β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). GCase deficiency results in accumulation of its substrates in cells of macrophage lineage, affecting multiple organ systems. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human GCase is the standard of care to treat GD. In GD, it is well established that there are immune alterations, clinically presenting as lymphadenopathy, gammopathies, and predisposition to hematological cancers. We examined the effect of ERT on immune dysregulations in treatment-naïve GD patients longitu

Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins with Different N-Glycan Patterns Activate Dendritic Cells In Vitro.

UNLABELLED: Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) N-glycans play important regulatory roles in the control of virus virulence, antigenicity, receptor-binding specificity, and viral escape from the immune response. Considered essential for controlling innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus infections, dendritic cells (DCs) trigger proinflammatory and adaptive immune responses in hosts. In this study, we engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines expressing recombinant HA from pandemic H1, H5, and H7 influenza viruses. rH1HA, rH5HA, and rH7HA were obtained as wild-type

Cytological features of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of spleen: A case report.

Here, we present the first cytological report of a primary splenic inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. The 57 year-old male was incidentally found with a 2.2 cm well-demarcated splenic nodule. A sonography guided fine needle aspiration of the lesion was performed. The cytologic smears revealed loosely cohesive fragments of oval to spindle cells in a background of prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. The cells showed sparse chromatin, distinct nucleoli, syncytial cell borders, and occasional cytoplasmic processes. On the liquid-based preparation, several histio

Proteomics analysis of dendritic cell activation by contact allergens reveals possible biomarkers regulated by Nrf2.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a widespread disease with high clinical relevance affecting approximately 20% of the general population. Typically, contact allergens are low molecular weight electrophilic compounds which can activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. We performed a proteomics study to reveal possible biomarkers for dendritic cell (DC) activation by contact allergens and to further elucidate the role of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in this process. We used bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) of wild-type (nrf2+/+) and Nrf2 knockout (nrf2-/-) mice and studied their response against the mod

Retrolinkin recruits the WAVE1 protein complex to facilitate BDNF-induced TrkB endocytosis and dendrite outgrowth.

Retrolinkin, a neuronal membrane protein, coordinates with endophilin A1 and mediates early endocytic trafficking and signal transduction of the ligand-receptor complex formed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), in dendrites of CNS neurons. Here we report that retrolinkin interacts with the CYFIP1/2 subunit of the WAVE1 complex, a member of the WASP/WAVE family of nucleation-promoting factors that binds and activates the Arp2/3 complex to promote branched actin polymerization. WAVE1, not N-WASP, is required for BDNF-induced Tr…

Immunoreceptor CD300a on mast cells and dendritic cells regulates neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by abnormal host immune responses against bacterial infection. Although innate immune cells are known to be important in the pathogenesis of sepsis, how their activation is regulated during sepsis remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined the role of the inhibitory immunoreceptor CD300a, which is expressed on various types of myeloid cells, in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). To this end, we used mice in which CD300a was specifically deleted on mast cells (MCs; Cd300a fl/fl Mcpt5-Cre), dendritic cells

Early and Persistent Dendritic Hypertrophy in the Basolateral Amygdala following Experimental Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.

In the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the amygdala remains understudied, despite involvement in processing emotional and stressful stimuli associated with anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because the basolateral amygdala (BLA) integrates inputs from sensory and other limbic structures coordinating emotional learning and memory, injury-induced changes in circuitry may contribute to psychiatric sequelae of TBI. This study quantified temporal changes in dendritic complexity of BLA neurons after experimental diffuse TBI, modeled by midline fluid p

Myeloid deletion of SIRT1 suppresses collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulating dendritic cell maturation.

The type III histone deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that is critical for the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. However, the data on its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are limited and controversial. To better understand how SIRT1 regulates adaptive immune responses in RA, we evaluated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in myeloid cell-specific SIRT1 knockout (mSIRT1 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Arthritis severity was gauged on the basis of clinical, radiographic and pathologic scores. Compared with their WT counterparts, the mSIRT1 KO mice exhibi

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis interacts with dermal dendritic cells and keratinocytes in human skin and oral mucosa lesions.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. In PCM the skin and oral mucosa are often affected. Dendritic cells and keratinocytes of the integument play a role in innate and adaptive immune response against pathogens, due to their function as antigen presenting cells. Aiming to verify the interaction of P. brasiliensis with these cell populations, we studied 52 skin and 47 oral mucosa samples taken from patients with proven diagnosis of PCM. The biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemical and/or immunoflu