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Advances and prospects in cell therapy for cancer: explorations from T cells to stem cells.

The increasing global burden of cancer necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Cell therapy represents a major breakthrough in oncology, evolving rapidly from the successful application of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematologic malignancies to a multiplatform landscape characterized by the concurrent development of diverse strategies. Current research focuses on T cell receptor-engineered T (TCR-T) cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), gamma delta (γδ) T cells, CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells, CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms), and various strategies based on dendrit

Harnessing the potential of CAR-T cell therapy: progress, challenges, and future directions in hematological and solid tumor treatments.

Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune system's T-cells to recognize and attack tumor cells. T-cells are isolated from patients and modified to target tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T therapy has achieved FDA approval for treating blood cancers like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma by targeting CD-19 and B-cell maturation antigens. Bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors may contribute to mitigating tumor anti

Клетки T-бет+CXCR3+B вызывают гиперреактивное взаимодействие клеток B-T в множестве склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS). Одним из ключевых механизмов в НР является автораспространение (АП) ячеек В и Т, основанное на самопропитании. Здесь мы показываем, что про-воспаление B-T-обогащенные клетки клеток (BTEC) формируются во время AP и зеркальные особенности реакции микроцентра. T-bet+CXCR3+B — основной подмножество клеток, усиливающих и поддерживающих свои параллельные клетки TH1 с помощью интерферона (IFN)-__, и присутствуют в сильно воспламенённой менингетной ткани. Фундаментальная сигнатура активации клеток В находит свое о

Extracellular vesicles: a new frontier in diagnosing and treating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a prevalent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is characterized by relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. GvHD can result in extensive systemic damage in patients following allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT), with the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver frequently being the primary target organs affected. The severe manifestations of acute intestinal GvHD often indicate a poor prognosis for patients after allo-HSCT. Endoscopy and histopathological evaluation remain employed to diagnose GvHD, and auxiliar

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… Donor T follicular helper cells (Tfh) have been verified to proliferate in secondary lymphoid organs and, by secreting cytokines such as IL-21 and B cell activating factors, facilitate the survival and proliferation of donor B cells and their differentiation into plasma cells that generate abnormal anti-host …

Targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy.

In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. However, not all cancer patients benefit from single or combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. Thus, an increasing number of immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) have been screened and their effectiveness evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM-3), and T cell immunoreceptor w

Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncologic treatment by harnessing and reprogramming the immune system to target malignant cells. This review provides a comprehensive picture of modern approaches to immunotherapy-based treatment strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mRNA vaccines, and biomaterials-based platforms, with a focus on their translational value and application to precision medicine. Emerging insights into the tumor microenvironment, immune resistance mechanisms, and T-cell subpopulation dynamics (e.g., γδ T cells, exhauste

Нейродегенерация коррелирует с повреждениями, связанными с железом, и воспалением лептомеинов в многочисленных клинических подтипах склероза.

ЦЕЛЬ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении существенных последствий различных видов повреждений, которые были оценены QSM (каличественная-приемлемость), а также лептоминговой контрастности в группе пациентов, страдающих релапсирующими и первичными прогрессивными (ПП) MS, и в оценке их связи с клиническими нарушениями и измерением МРТ структурных повреждений головного мозга. МЕТОДЫ: Были выявлены и количественно определены различные виды повреждений белой материи с использованием QSM в 24 РОРМ и 15 ИЦУП (СУП)11 - пациенты с последующим МРТ). Оценка степени контрастности (LMCE; foci) 3

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… Meningeal ectopic lymphoid structures are reported in MS and are considered to be niches of self-organizing CXCL13-expressing inflammatory aggregates that possibly require the action of IL-21 and T follicular helper cells to support B-cell survival [ 45 – 47 ]. …

Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy for cancer immunotherapy.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), a key direction in tumor immunotherapy, has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the current status and future trends of ACT, covering lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), dendritic cells (DC), T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T), chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), natural killer (NK) cells, chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cells (CAR-NK), and the emerging CAR-M. The paper focuses on emerging technological approaches, including

Mechanistic insights into bone destruction in multiple myeloma: Cellular and molecular perspectives.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that leads to significant bone destruction, resulting in debilitating pain and skeletal-related events. The pathophysiology of osteolytic bone destruction in MM involves complex interactions between malignant plasma cells (PCs) and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying MM-associated bone disease. We discuss the role of osteoclast (OC), osteoblast (OB), osteocytes, along with the complex interactions between immune cells and the BM microenv

2020 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference.

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Указываемые данные об автономной и аллогенетической трансплантации гематопоэтики стем-целлов у взрослых: состояние искусства.

Пересадка стволовых клеток (ХХСТ) гематополиетическая трансплантация превратилась из процедуры спасания лейкемии в лечебную форму, охватывающую почти все виды гематологической злокачественности и несколько ненасыщенных расстройств. Современный ландшафт был видоизменен тремя совпадающими силами: усовершенствованием стратификации с учетом конкретных рисков заболеваний (European LeukemiaNet [ELN] 2022 для острой миелоидной лейкемии, Молекулярной международной системы прогнозирования (IPSS-M) для миэлодипластических синдромов, Международной системы мутационного скручивания [MIPSS70+ v.2.0] и Myelo

The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various t

Роли глюкагонового пептида 1 Агонисты-рецепторы в биологии иммунных клеток и аутоиммунных/аутоинфлампмидативных заболеваниях.

Глукагон-подобный peptide-1 (В тыс.GLP-1) — гормон, полученный кишечником, необходимый для поддержания глюкозы гомеостаза через многочисленные физиологические пути: инсулина, ингибирующего секрецию глюкагонов, замедляющего опустошение желудочков, усиливающего чувство полноты и подавляющего аппетит. С тех пор GLP-1 может разлагаться при помощи дипептидила пептидаза 4, GLP-1 рецепторные агонисты (GLP-1RAs) были разработаны для решения этой проблемы деградации. В настоящее время GLP-1RAs стали высокоэффективными методами лечения для управления типом 2 сахарный диабет и ожирение. Помимо их хорошо

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exo

Challenges in the Role of Gammaglobulin Replacement Therapy and Vaccination Strategies for Hematological Malignancy.

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are prone to present with antibody production deficits associated with recurrent or severe bacterial infections that might benefit from human immunoglobulin (Ig) (IVIg/SCIg) replacement therapy. However, the original IVIg trial data were done before modern therapies were available, and the current indications do not take into account the shift in the immune situation of current treatment combinations and changes in the spectrum of infections. Besides, patients affected by other B cell malignancies present with similar i

Histone modifications across cancers: mechanisms, therapy and clinical translation.

Cancer continues to be a major cause of death across the globe, and epigenetic dysregulation, including histone modifications, has been recognized as a major hallmark of cancer development, heterogeneity, and drug resistance. This review seeks to offer an overview of histone modifications in cancer, including the more studied histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation, as well as the less explored histone modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation. It also examines the role of histone modifications in the dysregulation of the three categories of enz

Обнаружить важную роль гута микробиота и диета в многоразовом склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся нейродегенерацией, повреждением аксона, обезвоживанием и воспалением. В последнее время кишечный дисбиоз связан с MS и другими аутоиммунными условиями. А именно, кишечная микробиота играет жизненно важную роль в регулировании иммунной функции, оказывая влияние на развитие иммунных клеток, производство цитокина и целостность кишечника. В то время как сбалансированная микробиота способствует иммунной терпимости, дисбиоз нарушает иммунное регулирование, наносит ущерб проницаемо

Safety and Efficacy of Extracorporeal Photopheresis for Acute and Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Background/Objectives: Despite novel biological agents, steroid-dependent or -refractory graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an alternative, non-immunosuppressive treatment for patients with acute (aGvHD) or chronic (cGvHD) GvHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ECP in the treatment of acute and chronic GvHD; Methods: We prospectively studied 112 patients with cGvHD who received one or more previous lines of treatment and 28 patients w

Antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) represent a distinct family of chemoimmunotherapy agents. ADCs are composed of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to cytotoxic payloads via specialized chemical linkers. ADCs therefore combine the immune therapy with targeted chemotherapy. Due to the distinct biomarkers associated with lymphocytes and plasma cells, ADCs have emerged as a promising treatment option for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma. Several ADCs have been approved for clinical applications: brentuximab vedotin, inotuzumab ozogamicin, moxetumomab pasudotox, and polatuzumab vedotin. More

Cytokine release syndrome and cancer immunotherapies - historical challenges and promising futures.

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy involves reinvigorating the patient's own immune system to fight against cancer. While novel approaches like Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, bispecific T cell engagers, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising efficacy, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a serious adverse effect and remains a major concern. CRS is a phenomenon of immune hyperactivation that results in excessive cytokine secretion, and if left unchecked, it may lead to multi-organ failure and death. Here we review the pathophysiology of C