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NK cell based immunotherapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of head and neck cancers, presents significant challenges due to its aggressive feature and limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatments. In response to these challenges, Natural Killer (NK) cells, a vital component of the innate immune system, are being explored for their therapeutic potential in OSCC due to their inherent ability to target and eliminate cancer cells without prior sensitization. This review uniquely focuses on the evolving role of NK cells specifically in OSCC, incorporating recent advancements in CAR-NK cell eng

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… In this study, markers associated with TLS, including peripheral node addressin (PNAd) in high endothelial venules, CD20 in B cells, and CD3 in T cells, were examined in 168 OSCC patients. Survival analysis was conducted to compare TLS-positive and TLS-negative cohorts. …

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response

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… On the other side, the anti-angiogenic therapy improved anti-PD-L1 treatment, especially by the increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration due to the formation of intra-tumoral high endothelial venules induced by the therapy [ 158 ]. …

Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. It causes persistent joint inflammation, aberrant tissue growth, and progressive joint deterioration. T cells have a key role in the onset of RA. They identify and trigger other immune cells, and produce inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Prolonged inflammation and tissue damage are caused by an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Additionally, the condition is exacerbated by uncontrolled cytokine netwo

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… Motif Receptor Activator of NF-κB Disease activity score 28 Health Assessment Questionnaire Interstitial Lung Disease Forkhead Family Transcription Factor Galectin-9 Gasdermin D Collagen-induced arthritis Messenger RNA Mitogen-activated protein kinase Nuclear Factor Human High Endothelial Venules …

Old Player-New Tricks: Non Angiogenic Effects of the VEGF/VEGFR Pathway in Cancer.

Angiogenesis has long been considered to facilitate and sustain cancer growth, making the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway an important milestone at the beginning of the 21st century. Originally research on VEGF signaling focused on its survival and mitogenic effects towards endothelial cells, with moderate so far success of anti-angiogenic therapy. However, VEGF can have multiple effects on additional cell types including immune and tumor cells, by directly influencing and promoting tumor cell survival, pr

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… Likewise anti-angiogenic agents were found to induce the formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs) that further promote lymphocyte infiltration [ 159 ]. 4.2. …

Retinal Vein Occlusion-Background Knowledge and Foreground Knowledge Prospects-A Review.

Thrombosis of retinal veins is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases that may lead to vascular blindness. The latest epidemiological data leave no illusions that the burden on the healthcare system, as impacted by patients with this diagnosis, will increase worldwide. This obliges scientists to search for new therapeutic and diagnostic options. In the 21st century, there has been tremendous progress in retinal imaging techniques, which has facilitated a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its complications, and conseq

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… Furthermore, it has been shown that the dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and potassium may have a beneficial effect on the venous profile of the retina by preventing the enlargement of retinal venules [ 95 ]. …

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exo

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… These exosomes upregulate integrin α4β7 binding to mucosal address in cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) expressed on endothelial venules in the gut, suppressing MAdCAM-1 expression in the small intestine, thereby inhibiting T cell homing to the gut ( 82 ). …

Program-Abstracts

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Advances in Molecular Regulation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Top Natural Products of Malaysia.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains both a global health burden and a scientific challenge. We present a review of the molecular targets driving current drug discovery to fight this disease. Moreover, the preventable nature of most PCa cases represents an opportunity for phytochemicals as chemopreventive when adequately integrated into nutritional interventions. With a renovated interest in natural remedies as a commodity and their essential role in cancer drug discovery, Malaysia is looking towards capitalizing on its mega biodiversity, which includes the oldest rainforest in the world and an estim

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… Therefore, the tumor needs an increased blood supply mainly provided by forming new blood vessels from pre-existing capillaries and venules to exceed the size limit. This process is called angiogenesis [ 79 ]. …

Emerging predictive biomarkers for novel therapeutics in peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are rare subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that are typically associated with poor treatment outcomes. Contemporary first-line treatment strategies generally involve the use of combination chemoimmunotherapy, radiation and/or stem cell transplant. Salvage options incorporate a number of novel agents including epigenetic therapies (e.g. HDAC inhibitors, DNMT inhibitors) as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, validated biomarkers to select patients for individualized precision therapy are presently lacking,

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… further characterized by TFH lymphocyte derivation and the presence of FYN, CXCL13, PD1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in recognized AITL, along with descriptions of a proliferation of follicular dendritic cells and malignant TFH cells within close proximity high endothelial venules …

Infectious Diseases

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… Freshwater exposure → cercariae penetrate skin → larvae migrate to lung through venous circulation → migrate to heart → migrate to liver, where they mature and pair off → migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel ( S. mansoni, mekongi, japonicum, and intercalatum ) bladder ( S. hematobium ), where females …

Peripheral Nerves in Cancer: Regulatory Roles and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer neuroscience has emerged as a transformative frontier in oncology research, focusing on the interplay between cancer cells and the nervous system. Cancer cells establish tumorspecific neural networks within tumor tissues via neurotrophic hijacking. The nervous system regulates tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis either directly by regulating signal transduction in tumor cells or indirectly by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). The positive feedback loop between cancer cells and nerves promotes tumor progression. Deciphering the regulatory role of nerves in tumor prog

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… Their work demonstrated that sensory nerve ablation promotes the maturation of intratumor high endothelial venules and the formation of TLS with increased dense clusters of T and B cells. …

Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

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… In murine mesentery venules, the intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg of tPA-DPNs resolves almost 90% of blood clots, whereas a similar dose of free tPA successfully recanalizes only about 40% of the treated vessels. …

Coexistence of Autoantibodies against the Golgi Complex and Ro52 Antigen in a Patient with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is often associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The diagnosis of NSIP was confirmed in a 63-year-old man by high-resolution computed tomography and an open lung biopsy. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies (AGA) and anti-Ro52 antibodies were simultaneously detected at high concentrations. Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) were negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for six months. During the seven-year follow-up, NSIP had a slow progression and patient had not developed the clinical features of CTD. The present

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… Interstitial lymphocytes : they are seen within the lung interstitium with the pulmonary venules. LIP is a disease characterized by interstitial lymphocyte proliferation, resulting in an interstitial lung disease. …

Emerging insights into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and its implications for glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma is considered the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite tremendous progress in glioblastoma therapeutics, the profound intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma tumors, the difficulty of agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of drug resistance as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) predominantly account for the failure of existing conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a growing necessity to decipher the complexity of the TME that promotes immunosuppression and to discover innovative stra

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… In normal conditions, DCs are absent from the brain parenchyma, however in pathological conditions such as glioblastoma, DCs can infiltrate brain tissue via afferent lymphatic vessels or endothelial venules. …

Семья " Interleukin-17 " в области здравоохранения и иммунных заболеваний: от происхождения до клинических последствий.

Семья интерлейкин-17 является ключевой группой цитокинов и демонстрирует широкий спектр биологических функций, включая регулирование подстрекательского каскада в различных аутоиммунных и подстрекательских болезнях, таких, как множественный склероз, оптический спектр нейромилита, миастения гравис, синдром Гильен-Барре, острый распределенный энцфаломиэлит, диабет, воспалительные кожные заболевания, суставное воспаление и рак. Хотя функция семьи интерлейкин-17 привлекает все большее внимание к исследованиям на протяжении многих лет, выражение, функции и механизмы регулирования различных членов се

Skin Telocytes Could Fundament the Cellular Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration.

For more than 40 years, autologous platelet concentrates have been used in clinical medicine. Since the first formula used, namely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), other platelet concentrates have been experimented with, including platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have three standard characteristics: they act as scaffolds, they serve as a source of growth factors and cytokines, and they contain live cells. PRP has become extensively used in regenerative medicine for the successful treatment of a variety of clinical (non-)dermatological conditions like alopec

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… On the other hand, many previously published data cited serotonin as an efficient vasoconstriction factor, mainly acting on venules and large blood vessels, possibly due to direct action on smooth muscle, the amplification of the muscle constriction mechanism, or the stimulation of the secretion of endogenous …

Длинная и извилистая дорога: гомеостатические и беспорядочные микроэкологические ниши: обзор описательной части.

Микроэкологические ниши Haematopoiet были охарактеризованы как "приемники" крови и иммунной системы. Эти ниши меняются во время онтгении, при этом костный мозг становится доминирующим местом гематопоисиса в послеродовой жизни в стабильных условиях. Для определения структуры и функции различных микроэкологических ниш гематопоиета необходимо четко определить конкретные подмножества гематопоиетических стеблей и потомковых клеток во время офгении и понять их временной внешний вид и анатомическое позиционирование. Различные гематопоиетические и негематопоиетические клетки способствуют появлению гем

Infectious Diseases

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… Freshwater exposure → cercariae penetrate skin → larvae migrate to lung through venous circulation → migrate to heart → migrate to liver, where they mature and pair off → migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel ( S. mansoni , mekongi , japonicum , and intercalatum ) bladder ( S. hematobium ), where females …

Cancer Cells Exploit Notch Signaling to Redefine a Supportive Cytokine Milieu.

Notch signaling is a well-known key player in the communication between adjacent cells during organ development, when it controls several processes involved in cell differentiation. Notch-mediated communication may occur through the interaction of Notch receptors with ligands on adjacent cells or by a paracrine/endocrine fashion, through soluble molecules that can mediate the communication between cells at distant sites. Dysregulation of Notch pathway causes a number of disorders, including cancer. Notch hyperactivation may be caused by mutations of Notch-related genes, dysregulated upstream p

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… This family regulates almost all steps of new vessels formation including sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis, vessel maturation, and differentiation into arterioles, venules, and capillaries ( 211 ). Aberrant sprouting angiogenesis is characteristic of tumor vasculature. …

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

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… The predominant sites of neutrophil transendothelial migration are in the postcapillary venules and, in some tissues, the capillaries. …