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A Comprehensive Research on Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Microbiota of Aquatic Animals.

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as emerging contaminants is of continued concern for human health. Antibiotics used in … nce of selection pressure. Our research firstly shows comprehensive information on the ARGs in skin microbiota of aquatic animals, which could provide useful information and a new insight for better understanding on the ARGs dissemination in aquatic animals.

Defining the gut microbiota in individuals with periodontal diseases: an exploratory study.

Background: This exploratory study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome of individuals with different periodontal conditions, and correlate it with periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. Methods: Stool samples were obtained from individuals presenting periodontal health (PH = 7), gingivitis (G = 14) and chronic periodontitis (CP = 23). The intestinal microbiome composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results: A lower alpha-diversity in the gut microbiome of individuals with CP was observed, although no significant difference among groups was found (p > 0.01). Fir

Zearalenone Changes the Diversity and Composition of Caecum Microbiota in Weaned Rabbit.

Mycotoxins exhibit several severe effects on intestinal health, but few studies have assessed mycotoxins effect on the intestinal microflora and its repercussions to humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of zearalenone (ZEA), one of the most harmful mycotoxins on the structure of caecal microbiota in rabbits. Twenty-eight male weaned rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and orally given different concentrations of ZEA (400, 800, and 1600 μg/kg.b.w). Microbial communities in caecum samples of rabbits were analyzed for 16S rRNA by Illumina sequencing through Illumi…

Impact of Bactrocera oleae on the fungal microbiota of ripe olive drupes.

The olive fruit fly (OFF), Bactrocera oleae is the most devastating pest affecting olive fruit worldwide. Previous investigations have addressed the fungal microbiome associated with olive drupes or B. oleae, but the impact of the insect on fungal communities of olive fruit remains undescribed. In the present work, the fungal microbiome of olive drupes, infested and non-infested by the OFF, was investigated in four different localities and cultivars. Olive fruit fly infestations caused a general reduction of the fungal diversity, a higher quantity of the total DNA and an increase in taxa that

A mathematical model to investigate the key drivers of the biogeography of the colon microbiota.

The gut microbiota, mainly located in the colon, is engaged in a complex dialogue with the large intestinal epithelium through which important regulatory processes for the health and well-being of the host take place. Imbalances of the microbial populations, called dysbiosis, are related to several pathological status, emphasizing the importance of understanding the gut bacterial ecology. Among the ecological drivers of the microbiota, the spatial structure of the colon is of special interest: spatio-temporal mechanisms can lead to the constitution of spatial interactions among the bacterial p…

Influence of cigarette smoking on the human duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor in a number of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in which the microbiota is implicated, including duodenal ulcer and Crohn's disease. Smoking has the potential to alter the microbiota; however, to date, the impact of smoking on the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM), and particularly that of the upper GI tract, remains very poorly characterised. Thus, we investigated the impact of smoking on the upper small intestinal MAM. A total of 102 patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy for the assessment of GI symptoms, iron deficiency, or Crohn's diseas…

Consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria in desert soils: an underexplored microbiota.

Desert ecosystem is generally considered as a lifeless habitat with extreme environmental conditions although it is colonized by extremophilic microorganisms. Cyanobacteria, microalgae, and bacteria in these habitats could tolerate harsh and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions, intense ultraviolet radiation, and lack of water, leading to cell desiccation. They possess valuable metabolites withstanding extreme environmental conditions and make them good candidates for industrial applications. Moreover, most natural microorganisms in these extreme habitats exist as consortia that provid

An intact microbiota is required for the gastrointestinal toxicity of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil.

BACKGROUND: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is commonly prescribed after transplantation and has major advantages over other immunosuppressive d … ly administered broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) were utilized to interrogate the importance of the microbiota in MMF-induced GI toxicity. RESULTS: Mice treated with MMF exhibited significant weight loss, related to loss of body fat and muscle, and marked colonic inflammation. MMF exposure was associated with changes in gut microbial composition, as demonst …

The relationship of cervical microbiota diversity with race and disparities in preterm birth.

OBJECTIVE: Pregnant non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) have increased vaginal microbiome diversity compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHW) which may contribute to increased preterm birth. Cervical microbiome diversity is poorly characterized in pregnancy, therefore our objective was to correlate cervical microbiota diversity with cervico-vaginal inflammation by race and delivery timing. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women were recruited in the first and second trimesters. A sterile cervical swab and saline lavage were collected at a single time point. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, Chao1 and Shannon Diversity (SDI…

Gut Microbiota as a Driver of Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the consequent burden of metabolic syndrome have increased in recent years. Although the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is not completely understood, it is thought to be the hepatic manifestation of the dysregulation of insulin-dependent pathways leading to insulin resistance and adipose tissue accumulation in the liver. Recently, the gut-liver axis has been proposed as a key player in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as the passage of bacteria-derived products into the portal circulation could lead to a trigger of innate immun

Monomethylmercury degradation by the human gut microbiota is stimulated by protein amendments.

Monomethylmercury (MMHg) is a potent neurotoxicant that can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified through trophic levels. Human populations whose diets contain MMHg are at risk of MMHg toxicity. The gut microbiota was identified as a potential factor causing variation in MMHg absorption and body burden. However, little is known about the role of gut microbiota on Hg transformations. We conducted a series of in vitro experiments to study the effects of dietary nutrient change on Hg metabolism and the human gut microbiota using anoxic fecal slurry incubations. We used stable Hg isotope tracers to t…

Differences in the lower airway microbiota of infants with and without cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease commences in infancy, and understanding the role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis is critical. This study examined and compared the lower airway microbiota of infants with and without CF and its relationship to airway inflammation in the first months of life. METHODS: Infants newly-diagnosed with CF were recruited into a single-centre study in Melbourne, Australia from 1992 to 2001. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at study entry. Healthy infants undergoing bronchoscopy to investigate chronic stridor acted as controls. Quantitative mi…

Исследования нечеловеческих приматов: ключевые источники данных о зоонозах и микробиоте.

Генетические и морфологические сходства между приматами и людьми означают, что много информации, полученной от приматов, может быть применено к людям и наоборот. Однако утрата среды обитания, охота и постоянное присутствие людей оказывают негативное воздействие на биологию и поведение почти всех нечеловеческих приматов. Неинвазивные методы, такие, как сбор стула, являются одними из наиболее безопасных альтернативных способов изучения многочисленных аспектов биологии приматов. Многие эпидемологические проблемы (например, обнаружение патогенов, микробиотические исследования) могут быть легко изу

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The genetic and morphologic similarities between primates and humans means that much information obtained from primates may be applied to hu … he multiple aspects of the biology of primates. Many epidemiologic issues (e.g. pathogen detection, microbiota studies) may be easily studied using stool samples from primates. Primates are undoubtedly among the first candidates suspected of becoming the source of one of the next emerging epidemic of zoonotic origin, as has already been observed with HIV, ma …

Effects of Metabolites Derived From Gut Microbiota and Hosts on Pathogens.

Intestinal metabolites participate in various physiological processes, including energy metabolism, cell-to-cell communication, and host immunity. These metabolites mainly originate from gut microbiota and hosts. Although many host metabolites are dominant in intestines, such as free fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins, the metabolites derived from gut microbiota are also essential for intestinal homeostasis. In addition, some metabolites are only generated and released by gut microbiota, such as bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids, and quorum-sensing autoinducers. In this review, we summa…

The nasopharyngeal microbiota of beef cattle before and after transport to a feedlot.

BACKGROUND: The nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota plays an important role in bovine health, comprising a rich and diverse microbial community. The nasopharynx is also the niche for potentially pathogenic agents which are associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a serious and costly illness in feedlot cattle. We used 14 beef heifers from a closed and disease-free herd to assess the dynamics of the NP microbiota of cattle that are transported to a feedlot. Cattle were sampled prior to transport to the feedlot (day 0) and at days 2, 7, and 14. RESULTS: The structure of the NP microbiota ch…

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality.

The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi residing predominantly in epidermal and mucosal habitats across the body, such as skin, oral cavity, lung, intestine and vagina. These symbiotic communities in health, or dysbiotic communities in disease, display tremendous interaction with the local environment and systemic responses, playing a critical role in the host's nutrition, immunity, metabolism and diseases including cancers. While the profiling of normal microbiota in healthy populations is useful and necessary, more rece…

Alteration of gut microbiota in association with cholesterol gallstone formation in mice.

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome exerts extensive roles in metabolism of nutrients, pharmaceuticals, organic chemicals. Little has been known for the role of gut microbiota in regulating cholesterol and bile acids in association with gallstone formation. This study investigated the changes in the composition of gut microbiota in mice fed with lithogenic diet (LD). METHODS: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were fed with either lithogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid) or chow diet as control for 56 days. The fecal microbiota were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: LD led t…

Gut microbiota: A player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention.

Aging-associated alterations in composition, diversity and functional features of intestinal microbiota are well-described in the modern literature. They are suggested to be caused by an age-related decline in immune system functioning (immunosenescence) and a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which accompany many aging-associated pathologies. The microbiota-targeted dietary and probiotic interventions have been shown to favorably affect the host health and aging by an enhancement of antioxidant activity, improving immune homeostasis, suppression of chronic inflammation, regulatio…

Gut Microbiota, Nitric Oxide, and Microglia as Prerequisites for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Regulating fluctuating endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels is necessary for proper physiological functions. Aberrant NO pathways are implica … bacterial strains that express and secrete amyloid proteins and contribute to AD pathogenesis. Gut microbiota is essential for regulating microglia maturation and activation, and activated microglia secrete significant amounts of iNOS. Pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications to rectify aberrant NO signaling in AD include NOS inhibitors, NM …

Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Matter of Composition or Functionality?

The obesity pandemic and the metabolic complications derived from it represent a major public health challenge worldwide. Although obesity is a multifactorial disease, research from the past decade suggests that the gut microbiota interacts with host genetics and diet, as well as with other environmental factors, and thus contributes to the development of obesity and related complications. Despite abundant research on animal models, substantial evidence from humans has only started to accumulate over the past few years. Thus, the aim of the present review is to discuss structural and functiona…