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T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies.

T cells are critical in destroying cancer cells by recognizing antigens presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Identifying and targeting cancer-specific or overexpressed self-antigens is essential for redirecting T cells against tumors, leading to tumor regression. This is achieved through the identification of mutated or overexpressed self-proteins in cancer cells, which guide the recognition of cancer cells by T-cell receptors. There are two main approaches to T cell-based immunotherapy: HLA-restricted and HLA-non-restricted Immunotherapy. Significant progres

Hematopoietic Tumors

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Comprehensive analysis of pan-cancer reveals potential of ASF1B as a prognostic and immunological biomarker.

BackgroundAnti-silencing function 1 (ASF1) is a conserved histone H3-H4 chaperone protein. ASF1B, a paralog of ASF1, acts by promoting cell proliferation and influencing cell cycle progression. Although there is some evidence demonstrating that ASF1B plays a key role in the development, progression, and prognosis of certain cancers, there are no pan-cancer analyses of ASF1B.MethodsWe used a range of bioinformatics approaches to investigate the predictive role of ASF1B, including its correlation with prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor microenvironm

Update of early phase clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment and become a standard pillar of the treatment. The two main drivers, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, contributed to this unprecedented success. However, despite the striking clinical improvements, most patients still suffer from disease progression because of the evolution of primary or acquired resistance. This mini-review summarizes new treatment options including novel targets and interesting combinational approaches to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of the action of and resi

Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.

Immune checkpoints are differentially expressed on various immune cells to regulate immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can activate the immune checkpoint pathway to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response, which may lead to tumor progression by evading immune surveillance. Interrupting co-inhibitory signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could reinvigorate the anti-tumor immune response and promote immune-mediated eradication of tumor cells. As a milestone in tumor treatment, ICIs have been first

Scientific Advancements in Gene Therapies: Opportunities for Global Regulatory Convergence.

On 4 September 2024, the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA (FDA Foundation) in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Gates Foundation hosted a workshop titled "Scientific Advancements in Gene Therapies: Opportunities for Global Regulatory Convergence". The event brought together a diverse group of experts, including international regulatory bodies, regulated industries, healthcare professionals, patients, academic researchers and global health advocates, to discuss the rapid advancements in gene therapy and the pressing need for equitable access in low-and middle-

Chronic Psychological Stress in Oncogenesis: Multisystem Crosstalk and Multimodal Interventions.

Malignant tumors constitute a major global public health burden. Chronic psychological stress (CPS) manifests as sustained dysregulation arising from prolonged adaptive responses to chronic endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Clinical evidence indicates that CPS markedly influences cancer progression, with most oncology patients developing detectable stress-related psychological disorders during disease management. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding CPS-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and evaluates current intervention approaches. Mechanistically, CPS compromises immune surve

Усовершенствованные испытания самообслуживания в системном склерозе

Системный склероз — это системное аутоиммунное ревматическое заболевание, характеризующееся иммунными аномалиями, приводящее к васкулопатии и фиброзу. Тестирование самодисциплины становится все более важной частью диагностики и прогнозирования. Клинические врачи были ограничены антиядерной антителной (АНА), антитопоизомеразой I (также известной как anti-Scl-70) антитела и антисентромерные антитела. Многие врачи в настоящее время улучшили доступ к расширенному профилю автоантиорганических тестов. В этой статье мы анализируем эпидемиологию, клинические ассоциации и предсказанную ценность совреме

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies alone is associated with changes in B cell activation and T follicular helper cells similar to those in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease Arthritis Res. Ther. 2018 20 264 10.1186/s13075-018-1752-3 30486869 PMC6263058 15. Muñoz-Grajales C. Prokopec S.D. …

Canine Multicentric Lymphoma: Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prognostic Insights.

Lymphoma accounts for 24% of all documented canine neoplasms and 85% of hematological malignancies, while multicentric lymphoma corresponds to 84% of all canine lymphomas. Canine lymphomas of B-cell origin account for 60% to 80% of lymphomas. Similar to humans, the histologic grade, architecture, as well as immunophenotype determination, are crucial. These lesions are the most prevalent spontaneous tumors in dogs and this species may be a valuable animal model for the study of human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Therefore, it is important to investigate and assess therapeutic responses and to seek p

Collateral Victim or Rescue Worker?-The Role of Histone Methyltransferases in DNA Damage Repair and Their Targeting for Therapeutic Opportunities in Cancer.

Disrupted DNA damage signaling greatly threatens cell integrity and plays significant roles in cancer. With recent advances in understanding the human genome and gene regulation in the context of DNA damage, chromatin biology, specifically biology of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), has emerged as a popular field of study with great promise for cancer therapeutics. Here, we discuss how key histone methylation pathways contribute to DNA damage repair and impact tumorigenesis within this context, as well as the potential for their targeting as part of therapeutic strategies in ca

Advances in CAR-T-cell therapy in T-cell malignancies.

Significant advances have been made in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy for the treatment of recurrent or refractory B-cell hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T-cell therapy has not yet achieved comparable success in the management of aggressive T-cell malignancies. This article reviews the challenges of CAR-T-cell therapy in treating T-cell malignancies and summarizes the progress of preclinical and clinical studies in this area. We present an analysis of clinical trials of CAR-T-cell therapies for the treatment of T-cell malignancies grouped by target antigen classificati

Medicinal chemistry perspectives on anticancer drug design based on clinical applications (2015-2025).

Cancer therapy has undergone a remarkable evolution over the past few decades, driven largely by innovations in medicinal chemistry. This review explores the pivotal role of medicinal chemistry in designing, optimizing, and classifying anticancer agents, from traditional cytotoxics to modern targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and radiotheranostics. The article categorizes FDA-approved anticancer drugs (2015-2025), evaluates their mechanisms of action, structural features, and structure-activity relationships (SAR), and highlights both success stories and challenges in clinical translation. A

Modulating CD8⁺ T cell immunity through exercise: mechanistic insights and implications for precision immunotherapy.

CD8⁺ T lymphocytes are pivotal effectors of adaptive immunity, executing cytotoxic mechanisms essential for pathogen clearance, tumor surveillance and tissue protection. Their activity is shaped by antigenic stimulation, cytokine networks and the metabolic and structural architecture of the tissue microenvironment. Physical exercise has emerged as a potent, non-pharmacological modulator of CD8⁺ T cell biology, capable of influencing recruitment, activation, differentiation and functional persistence. Acute exercise mobilizes effector and memory subsets, enhances trafficking to peripheral tissu

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… Through differentiation into subsets such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T follicular helper cells, CD4⁺ T cells adapt their effector profiles to the nature of the antigenic challenge and the cytokine environment 28 . …

Development of a quality indicator set for day hospices in Germany - a multi-stage, quality-assured review of German guidelines and quality indicator sets.

BackgroundDay hospices are an emerging component of outpatient palliative care in Germany. However, a standardized quality management system utilizing defined quality indicators has not yet been implemented. This study aimed to develop a new set of quality indicators for day hospices.MethodsThrough a multi-phase, quality-assured review, we screened validated quality indicators from German-language S3 guidelines and established quality indicator sets, including the Quality Indicator System for Outpatient Care (QISA) and Outpatient Quality Indicators and Key Figures (AQUIK) based on defined crit

Prolonged haematologic toxicity in CAR-T-cell therapy: A review.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy is a novel immunotherapy with encouraging results for treatment of relapsed/refractory haematologic malignancies. With increasing use, our understanding of immune-mediated side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity has improved; nevertheless, prolonged haematologic toxicity (PHT), with a high incidence rate, remains underrecognized. Owing to heterogeneity in populations, the CAR-T cells used and diseases treated as well as differences in the definition of PHT, its rate, risk factors and management vary across studies.

Aging microenvironment and antitumor immunity for geriatric oncology: the landscape and future implications.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively investigated; however, it is complex and remains unclear, especially in elderly patients. Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals, which is characterized by stable arrest of the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. To the best of our knowledge, senescence leads to consistent arrest of tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating a set of pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases, which constitute the senescence-associated sec

The perioperative management of geriatric patients in transplantation surgery-clinical, immunological, and translational considerations.

Transplant surgery encompasses two primary branches: solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). As the global population ages, elderly transplant patients become a more pressing clinical challenge. Elderly transplant recipients require specialized care that addresses their unique needs, including increased comorbidities and frailty. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, there is a paucity of studies that synthesize the current knowledge on this patient cohort, from immunological changes over translational challenges to tailored clinic

Расширение горизонта: потенциальное применение элементов ЦАР-Т сверх нынешних показателей.

Проектирование иммунных клеток для лечения гематологических заболеваний стало одним из основных направлений исследований с тех пор, как в B-ALL были достигнуты первые заметные успехи в лечении CAR-T-клеток. В настоящее время можно лечить несколько заболеваний в условиях высокой терапии или рецидива. В настоящее время для острого лимфоболического лейкемии (ALL), диффузной лимфомы B-клеток (DLBCL), лимфомы мантичной клетки (MCL), множественной миеломы (MM) и фолликулярной лимфомы (FL) утвержден ряд методов лечения CD19- или BCMA-клеток. Применение этих методов значительно улучшило результативнос

Inflammatory Manifestations, Therapeutic Interventions, and Cancer Risk in Psoriasis: Current Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence.

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease driven by persistent inflammation and immune dysfunction that severely impairs quality of life and is associated with serious comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and depression. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an association between psoriasis and an increased risk of certain malignancies, such as breast cancer (BC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), although the strength and consistency of these associations vary across study designs, and the underlying thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms remain inc

Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.

Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, have significantly transformed the treatment landscape for leukemia. CAR-T cell therapy, initially promising in hematologic cancers, faces notable obstacles in solid tumors due to the complex and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Challenges include the heterogeneous immune profiles of tumors, variability in antigen expression, difficulties in therapeutic delivery, T cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxic activity at the tumor site. Additionally, the physical barriers w