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A Systematic Review of Laser Photobiomodulation Dosimetry and Treatment Protocols in the Management of Medications-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Rationalised Consensus for Future Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a debilitating adverse effect of bisphosphates, antiresorptive therapy or antiangiogenic agents that can potentially increase oxidative stress, leading to progressive osteonecrosis of the jaws. Despite the large number of published systematic reviews, there is a lack of potential MRONJ treatment protocols utilising photobiomodulation (PBM) as a single or adjunct therapy for preventive or therapeutic oncology or non-oncology cohort. Hence, this systematic review aimed to evaluate PBM laser efficacy and its dosimetry as a monotherapy or comb

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… the remaining seven studies mentioned the type of BPs/monoclonal antibodies used alone or in combination with another type of BPs or with monoclonal antibodies [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 114 ], and their distributions were as follows: ZA alone [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 114 ]; Alendronate … 8.33 Breast | 41.66 Kidney | 8.33 Others | 83.33 Risk factors | Extraction/MOS | 77.77 | NA Denture wearer | 44.44 Absence of traumatic factors | 22.22 Systematic corticosteroids | 75 DM | 50 Comorbidities | 1 | 33.33 | 50 2 | 0 ≥3 | 16.66 ART/antiangiogenic medications | Zoledronic acid | 58.33 | NA Alendronic …

Mandibular Radiographic Assessment in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review of Radiomorphometric Indices and Fractal Dimension.

AIM: This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between sickle cell disease (SCD) and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) using radiomorphometric indices (RMI) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) on dental radiographic images. METHODS AND RESULTS: Observational studies evaluating BMD in individuals with SCD through RMI or FDA were included. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases and grey literature in March 2025. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for cross-sectional studies, and certainty of the evidence wa

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… C., Galvão F., et al., “Alendronate Preserves Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease and Osteoporosis,” Osteoporosis International 36 (2025): 93–102. 15. Di Paola A., Marrapodi M. …

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures: an update.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are the most common type of fragility fractures. They have a significant and usually detrimental impact on the patient's functional status and mortality rate, constituting a substantial burden for the patients, their families, and the healthcare system. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and secondary fracture prevention. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant studies, guide

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… A recent meta-analysis by Jin et al. reported that zoledronate, alendronate, risedronate, etidronate, ibandronate, minodronate, pamidronate, PTH, denosumab, romosozumab, and SERMs had significant secondary prevention effects on OVFs [ 68 ]. …

Effects of Osteoporosis Medication Use on Reprocedure Rates Following Vertebral Augmentation: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

BACKGROUD: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of osteoporosis medication use and prescription duration on the rates of reprocedures for re-fractures in patients who underwent vertebral augmentation (VA). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from the National Health Insurance Service database of South Korea. Patients aged 50 years or older who underwent VA in 2012 were included in this study. A reprocedure was defined as an additional VA performed for re-fractures during a follow-up period of up to 5 years. Patients were categorized based

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… Guideline Group guidelines, considering cost-effectiveness and patient preference, BPs are recommended as first-line medications for osteoporosis treatment, with denosumab, ibandronate, and raloxifene as alternatives. 17) According to the 2020 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology guidelines, alendronate …

Sclerotic bone: a sign of bone reaction in patients with medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse reaction associated with antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. When dealing with advanced and/or multiple MRONJ lesions undergoing surgical therapy, the extent of surgery is often a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to identify the differences in bone density in and around the MRONJ lesion before and after surgical treatment to evaluate the needed surgical extend of the modelling osteotomy. In this retrospective study 26 patients with MRONJ lesions that were surgically treated in our dep

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… Alendronate distributed on bone surfaces inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and in experimental hypercalcemia models. Bone. 1995;16(2):235–245. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(94)00035-X. 41. Cremers S, Drake MT, Ebetino FH, Bilezikian JP, Russell RGG. Pharmacology of bisphosphonates. Br. J. …

Retrospective assessment of tolerability and efficacy of zoledronate in the palliative treatment of cancer-bearing dogs.

Zoledronate is a bisphosphonate frequently used for the treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy and tumour-associated bone pain in dogs, however, there is a paucity of information regarding its use in veterinary medicine. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the tolerability of zoledronate in the palliative treatment of cancer-bearing dogs and secondarily to to assess the efficacy of zoledronate for the treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Thirty-seven dogs (22 with tumour-associated bone pain and 15 with hypercalcaemia of malignancy) that received 114 zoledronate infusion

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… Use of the bisphosphonate drug alendronate for palliative management of osteosarcoma in two dogs . Vet Rec 2000 ; 147 ( 5 ): 129 – 132 . 10958534 10.1136/vr.147.5.129 11 Fan TM , de Lorimier LP , Charney SC et al. …

Association between Hyperglycemia and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a type of jawbone necrosis caused by the use of drugs for some types of cancer and osteoporosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between hyperglycemia and the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. METHODS: Our research group investigated data collected between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. A total of 260 patients were selected from the Inpatient Care Unit, Department of Oromaxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University. Fasting glucose data were used and included

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… Alendronate; and 1.7% (n = 1), p.o. Risedronate. We evaluated data on the primary disease and its corresponding medication, glucose balance, and necrosis location. We expressed the type of medicine used for each disease as a percentage. All patients with multiple myeloma and lung tumor received iv. …

Combination with third-generation bisphosphonate (YM529) and interferon-alpha can inhibit the progression of established bone renal cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (YM529) can inhibit the progression of established bone renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to elucidate its mechanism. Antiproliferative effect and apoptosis induction of RCC cells and mouse osteoclasts by YM529 and/or interferon-alpha (IFN-α) were evaluated in vitro using cell counting and in vivo using soft X-ray, the TUNEL method and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain. For the in vivo study, male athymic BALB/cA Jc1-nu nude mice bearing human RCC cell line RBM1-IT4 cells were treated

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… imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-3-yl) ethylidene]-bisphosphonic acid monohydrate, is a newly developed third-generation bisphosphonate that has more potent inhibitory activity against mouse osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and in vivo than that of previously developed bisphosphonates, including pamidronate, alendronate …

A technical note on emerging combination approach involved in the onconanotherapeutics.

Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made

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… . | PTX | Alendronate | Dendrimers | Bone metastases | In vitro | (Clementi et al., 2011 ) 45. | Cisplatin | Docetaxel | Dendrimers | Prostate cancer | In vitro | (Kolishetti et al., 2010 ) 46. | PTX | Thymoquinone | Dendrimers | Breast cancer | In vitro | (Soni et al., 2015 ) 47. | Ionidamine | PTX … Dendritic poly(ethylene glycol) bearing paclitaxel and alendronate for targeting bone neoplasms. Mol Pharm 8:1063–72. 10.1021/mp2001445 Colley HE, Hearnden V, Avila-Olias M, et al. (2014). …

Biological characteristics of γδT cells and application in tumor immunotherapy.

Human γδT cells are a special immune cell type which exist in small quantities in the body, do not require processing and presentation for antigen recognition, and have non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted immune response. They play an important role in the body's anti-tumor, anti-infection, immune regulation, immune surveillance and maintenance of immune tolerance. This article reviews the generation and development of human γδT cells, genetic characteristics, classification, recognition and role of antigens, and research progress in tumor immunotherapy.

A Comprehensive Biological and Clinical Perspective Can Drive a Patient-Tailored Approach to Multiple Myeloma: Bridging the Gaps between the Plasma Cell and the Neoplastic Niche.

There is a broad spectrum of diseases labeled as multiple myeloma (MM). This is due not only to the composite prognostic risk factors leading to different clinical outcomes and responses to treatments but also to the composite tumor microenvironment that is involved in a vicious cycle with the MM plasma cells. New therapeutic strategies have improved MM patients' chances of survival. Nevertheless, certain patients' subgroups have a particularly unfavorable prognosis. Biological stratification can be subdivided into patient, disease, or therapy-related factors. Alternatively, the biological sig

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… An alternative approach was delivering liposomal formulation carrying combinations of taxanes, alendronate, and isoform-adapted transferrin, enabling microenvironment drug modulation [ 32 ]. … DOPA-based paclitaxel-loaded liposomes with modifications of transferrin and alendronate for bone and myeloma targeting. Drug Delivery. 2016;23(9):3629–3638. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1214989. 33. de la Puente P., Luderer M. J., Federico C., et al. …

Прогресс в оказании поддержки в проведении обзора по множественным болезням, связанным с миеломой.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — неизлечимая порча плазменных клеток, характеризующаяся увеличением производства моноклонального иммуноглобулина. Пациенты с ММ подвержены высокому риску возникновения осложнений, связанных с заболеваниями. Остеолитическая болезнь костей one - из наиболее распространенных осложнений, связанных с заболеваниями, которые приводят к хронической боли и патологии скелета, что в значительной степени способствует высоким уровням заболеваемости и смертности среди пациентов с ОМ. Помимо стандартной антиММ-терапии, для улучшения качества жизни пациентов, страдающих ММ, необход

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… In patients with MGUS and osteoporosis, intravenous administration of ZA every 6 months and weekly oral administration of alendronic acid were shown to increase bone mineral density [ 36 ]. … ZA has a 4.85-fold higher risk of ONJ compared to alendronate and pamidronate over 5 years, owing to its higher potency than other bisphosphonates [ 70 ]. ONJ rates with denosumab range from 1.8 to 4.3% and from 1.3 to 15% with ZA. …

Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis.

As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the curr

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… Table 2 The main treatment strategies for cancer bone metastasis SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator, GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone, CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer, ALN alendronate, ZOL zoledronic acid, AI aromatase inhibitor, 223 Ra radium-223, 89 Sr strontium-89, 135 Sm samarium … One classification of bisphosphonates is nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP); for example, alendronate (ALN) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) are robust inhibitors of protein isoprenylation, which promotes osteoclast apoptosis. …

Improvement of Quality of Life after Surgical Treatment of Patients with MRONJ: A Prospective Analysis Using the SF-12 and OHIP-14 Questionnaires.

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare, serious, and debilitating disease of unknown cause that can be associated with significant health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impairment. Hematological disease is characterized by a nonhealing exposed jawbone in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agent use without radiation exposure to the head or neck. Patients and Materials and Methods. This prospective study over the period from May 2020 to December 2021 included a representative sample consisting of 27 patients with at least stage 2 MRON

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… . (%) Alendronate (oral) | 70 mg once weekly | 1 (3.7%) Pamidronate (i.v.) | 90 mg once monthly | 1 (3.7%) Zoledronate (i.v.) | 4 mg once monthly | 16 (59.3%) Denosumab (s.c.) | 60 mg every 6 months (7 patients) 120 mg once monthly (2 patients) | 9 (33.3%) Route of administration | — | — Oral | — | 1 …

Thoracic paravertebral block versus local infiltration anesthesia for percutaneous kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intercostal neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and provides effective pain relief; however, its efficacy is questionable in patients with thoracic OVCFs combined with intercostal neuralgia (IN). This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) and local infiltration (LI) anesthesia for PKP to treat thoracic OVCFs combined with IN. METHODS: Patients with OVCFs combined with IN scheduled to undergo PKP between January 2021 and June 2022 were randomized into the following

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… They received calcium supplementation (1000 mg elemental calcium daily), vitamin D (600 IU vitamin D daily), and alendronate sodium (70 mg weekly). …

Combined Administration of Bisphosphonates, Chemotherapeutic Agents, and/or Targeted Drugs Increases the Risk for Stage 3 Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A 4-Year Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) suffer from severe complications. Chemotherapeutic agents and targeted drugs are considered to be associated with the development of MRONJ. However, little is known regarding the association of those agents with stage 3 MRONJ. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comprehensive medication history of patients with advanced-stage MRONJ (stage 2 and stage 3) and evaluate the possible risk factors for stage 3 MRONJ. Patients and Methods. Sixty patients with advanced-stage MRONJ were involved in this retrosp

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… Medication | Group A: stage 2 ( N = 31) | Group B: stage 3 ( N = 29) | P values 1 n (%) | Mean ± SD | n (%) | Mean ± SD Bisphosphonates Zoledronic acid | 25 (80.6) | 35.0 ± 20.3 | 28 (96.9) | 29.3 ± 18.2 | 0.285 Alendronate | 6 (19.4) | 75.0 ± 38.0 | 1 (3.1) | 90.0 | 0.104 Routes IV | 25 (80.6) | 28 …

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Associated with Antiangiogenics in Antiresorptive-Naïve Patient: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVES: To review the available literature on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) associated with antiangiogenics in antiresorptive-naïve individuals. METHODS: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science in December 2017. RESULTS: We identified reports describing a total of 35 antiresorptive drugs-naïve patients who developed antiangiogenic-related MRONJ. The mean age of these patients was 59.06 years and the F : M ratio was 4 : 5. The most common underlying disease was metastatic renal cell cancer. Pain to the mandible was the m

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… An epidemiological study of alendronate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. A case series from the south-east of Scotland with attention given to case definition and prevalence Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 2012 30 2 171 182 2-s2.0-84859824848 10.1007/s00774-011-0299-z 21858474 13 Fusco V. …

Bone Targeted Therapies for Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Cancer metastasis to the bone develops commonly in patients with various malignancies, and is a major cause of morbidity and diminished quality of life in many affected patients. Emerging treatments for metastatic bone disease have arisen from advances in our understanding of the unique cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the bone metastasis. The tendency of cancer cells to metastasize to bone is probably the end result of many factors including vascular pathways, the highly vascular nature of the bone marrow (which increases the probability that cancer cells will be deposited

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… In vitro , N-BPs (zoledronate, risedronate, alendronate, ibandronate) also interfere with all major steps of the angiogenic process, such as endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation [ 8 ]. …

Understanding Medication Adherence in Patients With Primary Osteoporosis in China: A Qualitative Study Guided by the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change.

AIM: To qualitatively analyse determinants of medication adherence in Chinese patients with PO using the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change (ITHBC). DESIGN: The study was conducted as a qualitative study using. The data is systematically analysed using thematic analysis method. We followed the COREQ Checklist to ensure rigour in our study. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study, guided by the ITHBC, was conducted at a national medical center in China (November 2023-June 2024). Sixteen patients with PO were purposively sampled until data saturation. Semi-structured interviews we

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… (P7) …my husband developed color‐coded labels: green (alendronate), yellow (calcium), red (vitamin D3). …

Pharmacological Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) with Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol therapy in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: During this study, 43 patients participated, including 21 women and 22 men with a mean age of 66.8 years, who showed 63 areas of osteitis altogether. The diagnosis was made based on X-ray imaging and histopathological findings. All the subjects received pharmacological treatment with pentoxifylline 400 mg and tocopherol 400 IU. The study scheme consisted of initial observation and two follow-up examinations every 5-6 month

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… In the studies included in the review, the treatment of osteoporosis involved only the prescription of bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate. …