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Effect of reproductive seasonality on gamete quality in the North American bison (Bison bison bison).

The objective was to investigate the effects of reproductive seasonality on gamete quality in plains bison (Bison bison bison). Epididymal sperm (n = 61 per season), collected during the breeding season (July-September), had significantly higher post-thaw total motility (36.76 ± 14.18 vs 31.24 ± 12.74%), and lower linearity (0.36 ± 0.06 vs 0.39 ± 0.04) and wobbliness (0.49 ± 0.04 vs 0.51 ± 0.03; mean ± SD) compared to non-breeding season (January-March) samples. Representative samples (n = 4) from each season were used in heterologous IVF trials using cattle oocytes. Cleavage, morulae and blas…

Безопасность и эффективность добавки корма, состоящей из Enterococcus lactisNICIMB 10415 (Cylactin) для всей птицы, предназначенной для жирения или выращивания для слоения/бридинга и декоративных птиц, для всех суидов, телят и других видов червей, предназначенных для сжижения или выращивания (DSM Dutal Products Ltd).

По просьбе Европейской комиссии ЕФСА было предложено представить научное заключение по оценке Цилактин в качестве зоотехнической добавки. Активным агентом присадки является Enterococcus lactis NCIMB 10415, и three Разрешенные в настоящее время составы присадок: Cylactin (LBC G35), Cylactin (LBC ME10) и Cylactin (LBC ME20) плюс. В настоящее время эта добавка разрешена в ЕС для использования в птице (цыплятах и мелких видах птицы для жиров, цыплят и мелких видов, выращиваемых для стирания), телятах и детях для выращивания и жирения, свиней, кормовых и откормленных поросят и свиней для откорма. В

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of Cylactin® as zootechni … wal of its authorisation and the extension of use for chickens and minor poultry species reared for breeding, turkeys for fattening and reared for breeding, ornamental birds, lambs for rearing and for fattening, minor or other ruminants' species for rearing and fattening, minor suckling and weaned Suidae species, pigs and minor Suidae species for fattening …

Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, P450arom and estrogen receptors in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt).

The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel. Histologically, the epididymis was with larger duct diameter and cell population during the breeding season. AR was presented in the peritubular smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells in the whole epididymis with stronger staining in the breeding period. P450arom was intensely localized in epithelial cells and spermatozoa during the breeding season, absent in the non…

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sugar Beet: Mitochondrial Minisatellite and Chloroplast CAPS Markers and Field Phenotype Stability Study.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a key cornerstone of hybrid breeding in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Reliable identification of cytoplasmic types and evaluation of their phenotypic stability are therefore important for the effective use of CMS in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize 30 sugar beet breeding lines of different origins using molecular and phenotypic approaches. Mitochondrial minisatellite markers TR1-TR3 and the CAPS marker in chloroplast region petG-psbE were employed, together with evaluation of phenotypes for anther morphology and p…

Changes in animal performance and profitability of Holstein dairy operations after introduction of crossbreeding with Montbéliarde, Normande, and Scandinavian Red.

An individual-based mechanistic, stochastic, and dynamic simulation model was developed to assess economic effects resulting from changes in performance for milk yield and solid contents, reproduction, health, and replacement, induced by the introduction of crossbreeding in Holstein dairy operations. Three crossbreeding schemes, Holstein × Montbéliarde, Holstein × Montbéliarde × Normande, and Holstein × Montbéliarde × Scandinavian Red, were implemented in Holstein dairy operations and compared with Holstein pure breeding. Sires were selected based on their estimated breeding value for milk. Tw…

A predictive model for reproductive performance following abortion in Thoroughbred mares.

Pregnancy losses include early embryonic death (EED) and later (postimplantation) abortion. Abortions, particularly Equid herpesvirus (EHV-1) abortion epizootics, cause severe economic and production losses. The long-term effects of EHV-1 and other abortions on subsequent reproductive performance in broodmare populations, however, remain undefined. This study described the relationships of EED and abortion with the following reproductive outcomes in Thoroughbred systems: breeding efficiency, month of last breeding, subsequent pregnancy and live foal rates. A prospective cohort study in broodma…

An entomological investigation in dengue affected areas during transmission season in district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease and a serious public health problem, transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Entomological investigations were carried out in dengue affected villages and urban areas of Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, India to investigate the prevalence, distribution of Aedes mosquitoes and identify high risk areas in Haridwar for proposing control. METHODS: The entomological survey was carried out in all selected localities in different breeding habitats like domestic and peridomestic containers to detect Ae. aegypti breeding with the help of s…

Predation of Aedes aegypti Eggs By Foraging Ants Solenopsis invicta, Myrmicaria brunnea, Diacamma rugosum, and Monomorium minimum.

The diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are ever-increasing. Rapid and unplanned urbanization adversely impacts various endemic species such as ants and facilitates the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes. We have observed the predatory potential of ants over Aedes eggs in urban breeding habitats, and their impact on Aedes mosquito breeding was determined by a field experiment that mimicked the natural breeding habitats. It was found that 99.4% of eggs were removed from the experimental containers by foraging ants in 4 days. The present study…

Veterinary Aspects of Bird of Prey Reproduction.

Captive breeding has contributed to successful restoration of many species of birds of prey. Avicultural techniques pioneered by raptor breeders include double clutching, direct fostering, cross-fostering, hatch and switch, hacking, imprinting male and female falcons for semen collection, and artificial insemination techniques. However, reproductive failure occurs related to management problems, including hygiene measures, food quality issues, breeding flock structure, or individual health issues of breeding birds. These may result in non-egg laying females, low-quality eggs, or infertile eggs…

Avian migration timing advances linked to season-dependent population benefits.

While migratory species can adjust their migration timing in response to climate change, it remains unclear whether these shifts can insulate them from population decline. Here we compiled a global database pairing 4,351 population-level estimates of migration timing across 549 avian species with corresponding population trends and rates of climate change at breeding and non-breeding grounds, coupled with a full-annual-cycle theoretical model. Building on evidence for an accelerating advancement in bird migration over the past century (cumulatively advanced 13.86 days from 1970 to 2019), we sh…

[Assessment of hereditary defects and dispositions of the horse under animal welfare aspects].

Persons involved in equine breeding, namely veterinarians, horse breeders and breeding association judges, often lack of an apropriate consciousness about the relevance of heritability or supposed heritability of common horses diseases, which might play a distinctive role in the aetiology of numerous of these diseases. Executing animal welfare rights in equine breeding, the major concern should focus on an objective evaluation of pain, suffering and damages caused by different hereditary diseases. The basis of assessment for hygienic breeding has to be defi ned according to the actual animal w…

Inducing ovulation and artificial insemination in the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778).

The aim of the study was to show whether it is possible to induce ovulation in the hare by GnRH analogue administration and to carry out an effective artificial insemination (AI). The research was carried out during the breeding and non-breeding season. During the breeding season, plasma progesterone concentrations increased on the 4th day after intramuscular injection of GnRH analogue (buserelin), indicating induced ovulation and corpus luteum development. Prostaglandin F(2)alpha (dinoprost) was an effective luteolytic agent on day 9. During the non-breeding season, the GnRH analogue injectio…

Seasonal variations of the epididymis in donkeys (Equus asinus) with special reference to blood epididymal barrier.

The epididymis, a key component of the male reproductive system, controls spermatozoa's maturation, fertility, and storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical variations in the epididymis of donkeys that occur throughout the year. During the breeding season (spring) and nonbreeding seasons (summer, autumn, and winter), 20 epididymis were collected from adult, clinically healthy donkeys. Compared to non-breeding seasons, the epididymal duct displayed a more active lining epithelium and more sperm in the lumen during the breeding…

Seasonal expressions of luteinising hormone receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and prolactin receptor in the epididymis of the male wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus).

Luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) are pituitary-derived hormones and mediate their functions through LH receptor (LHR), FSH receptor (FSHR) and PRL receptor (PRLR) respectively. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal expression patterns of LHR, FSHR and PRLR in the epididymis of the male wild ground squirrel during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Histologically, principal cells, basal cells, cilia and mature spermatozoa were found in the lumen of caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis in the breeding season, whereas in the non-breeding …

Profiling of systemic and brain steroids in male songbirds: Seasonal changes in neurosteroids.

Steroids are secreted by the gonads and adrenal glands into the blood to modulate neurophysiology and behaviour. In addition, the brain can … ple and effective. We quantified steroids in the blood and brain of wild male song sparrows in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. As expected, systemic androgen levels were higher in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Brain androgens were detectable only in the breeding season; androstenedione and 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels were u …

Seasonal ultrastructural changes in the pineal gland of the migratory Canada goose.

Ultrastructural changes in the pineal gland were studied in relation to migration, breeding and moult. Sizes of pinealocytes and that of their nuclei were greatest in the Spring premigratory and postmigratory, and moult phases. The ratio of nuclear size to cell size was greatest for the breeding phase and lowest for the Fall premigratory and postmigratory phases. The Golgi complex was most prominent during premigratory and breeding phases. Mitochondria which were numerous in all phases except during moult, were markedly enlarged during breeding and Fall premigratory phases. Dense-core vesicles…

Catastrophic storms, forest disturbance, and the natural history of Swainson's warbler.

The core breeding range of Swainson's warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) overlaps a zone of exceptionally high tornado frequency in southeastern North America. The importance of tornadoes in creating breeding habitat for this globally rare warbler and other disturbance-dependent species has been largely overlooked. This paper estimates tornado frequency (1950-2021) and forest disturbance in the 240 counties and parishes in which breeding was documented from 1988 to 2014. The frequency of destructive tornadoes (EF1-EF5) varied 6-fold across the breeding range with a peak in the Gulf Coast states…

Effect of chlortetracycline in a trace mineral salt mix on fertility traits in beef cattle females in Florida.

The study objective was to determine the effect of chlortetracycline in an ad libitum trace-mineralized salt mix given to heifers before and(or) during bull exposure on the proportion pregnant and the time to conception in a fixed breeding period. Heifers (n = 768), 13 to 15 mo of age, were individually identified, immunized (Leptospira, Campylobacter fetus), examined (body condition score, vaginal lesion score, BW), and randomly allocated within 2 x 2 factorial blocks of treatments where trace mineral salt with and without chlortetracycline medication was provided in similar but nonadjacent p…

Factors affecting pregnancy rates in mares bred with cryopreserved semen.

Historically, 8 × 0.5 ml straws, containing approximately 800 million sperm and 250 million progressively motile sperm were provided as a single 'breeding dose' of cryopreserved stallion semen. With the use of deep horn artificial insemination, there is a trend to reduce the number of 0.5 ml straws sold as a breeding dose, sometimes down to as little as one straw. Our aims were to determine if the number of straws provided as a breeding dose, as well as other mare, stallion and management factors, have an impact on pregnancy outcome in mares inseminated with cryopreserved semen. Unexpectedly, …

Assessment of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and a preparation of GAA (Creamino®) as feed additives for chickens for fattening and reared for breeding/laying, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening, for the renewal of their authorisation and its extension of use to suckling piglets (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the feed additives guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and a preparation of GAA (Creamino®) for chickens for fattening and reared for laying and breeding, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening for the renewal of their authorisation and their extension of use in feed for suckling pigs. The additives are already authorised for use in chickens for fattening and reared for laying and breeding, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additives remain safe for the target spec…