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[Disseminated actinomycosis with central nervous system involvement].

Actinomycosis is very rare, as well as the central nervous system (CNS) condition associated with it, presenting a mortality up to 28%. Its manifestations could be similar to infectious conditions from other etiologies, thus, having a better understanding of the entity increases clinical suspicion and also it can provide a timely treatment. The clinical case of an adult with edema in an upper extremity is presented as a manifestation of thrombophlebitis and an abscessed axillary lesion, in which actinomycetes infection was confirmed. He presented a haematogenous spread with CNS involvement, wi…

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: An Imaging Perspective.

The increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in recent years makes the disease a topic of universal concern. It has insidious onset and can affect virtually any organ system in the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). CNS tuberculosis (TB) is becoming more and more complex and atypical with onset of multidrug-resistant TB. Routine diagnostic techniques using serology and body tissue are time consuming and may delay the definitive management. Hence, it is important to be familiar with various radiologic features of CNS TB to en…

Myelomatous Involvement of the Central Nervous System.

INTRODUCTION: Limited data exist with respect to the outcome and optimal treatment of patients with myelomatous involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 4060 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), evaluated at Mayo Clinic from 1998 to 2014, 29 (0.7%) had identifiable CNS involvement, established by the presence of atypical plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or identification of intraparenchymal or meningeal involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cohort of 87 MM patients without CNS disease served as the control group (1:3), matched by…

Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System.

Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment is a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency of the counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Therefore, oxidative stress-induced damage to the brain has a strong potential to negatively impact normal CNS functions. Alth…

[Diagnostic imaging of central nervous system vasculitis].

Vasculitis involving the central nervous system presents with infarction and hemorrhage, which are often nonspecific findings. Laboratory examinations are essential for diagnosis of vasculitis in addition to comprehensive and systematic review of the clinical course. Although most findings tend to be nonspecific, enhancement and thickening of the vascular wall indicate vasculitis. Visualization of the vascular wall requires selection of the appropriate imaging modality and mode of image acquisition. Contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, and FDG-PET are useful for visualizing large vessel vasculitis, whil…

Вирусные заболевания центральной нервной системы.

Вирусные заболевания центральной нервной системы (СНС) представляют собой значительное бремя для здоровья людей во всем мире. Сложность этих заболеваний зависит от большого числа различных нейтропических вирусов, различных маршрутов проникновения CNS, вирусного трофизма и иммунной системы. Используя сочетание патологических данных человека и экспериментальных моделей животных, мы начали обнаруживать многие из механизмов, которые вирусы используют для проникновения в ЦНС и вызывают болезни. В этом обзоре освещается ряд нейротропических вирусов, которые заражают ОВН, и рассматриваются средства,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Virus-induced diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a significant burden to human health worldwide. The complexity of these diseases is influenced by the sheer number of different neurotropic viruses, the diverse routes of CNS entry, viral tropism, and the immune system. Using a combination of human pathological data and experimental animal …

Central Nervous System Infections With Immunomodulatory Therapies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Serious central nervous system infections may occur in the setting of immunomodulatory drug use. It is important for neurologists to be aware of the incidence, diagnosis, management, and treatment of these infections. RECENT FINDINGS: Infectious disease has long been recognized as a complication of broad immunosuppression. However, the frequency with which infectious disease is observed appears to be lower and the spectrum of infectious complications narrower with immunomodulatory drugs, a class of agents having a more restricted effect on the immune system. An increasingly…

Mold infections of the central nervous system.

The recent outbreak of exserohilum rostratum meningitis linked to epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate has brought renewed attention to mold infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Although uncommon, these infections are often devastating and difficult to treat. This focused review of the epidemiologic aspects, clinical characteristics, and treatment of mold infections of the CNS covers a group of common pathogens: aspergillus, fusarium, and scedosporium species, molds in the order Mucorales, and dematiaceous molds. Infections caused by these pathogen groups have distincti…

Fungal infections of the central nervous system.

The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients is rapidly changing. Several of the fungi have worldwide distribution. However, some have specific geographical distribution. Sinocranial aspergillosis, mostly described from countries with temperate climates, occurs mostly in otherwise immunocompetent individuals Most of the systemic fungal pathogens have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The major advances in CNS fungal infections are in the pathobiology, new diagnostic tools, and new therapies. In spite of these developments, there is s…

Bevacizumab and central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is widely used and may cause life-threatening bleeding. We attempted to identify clinical characteristics associated with central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage in a broad population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the FDA MedWatch database of adverse events reported with bevacizumab from 11/1997 to 5/2009. Our search used keywords: bleeding, hemorrhage, cerebral, intracranial, subarachnoid, cerebellar, hemorrhagic stroke and brain. RESULTS: A total of 17,466 reports were included in the database: 154 described CNS hemorrhage in 99 patients, and 1,04…

Aging, the central nervous system, and mobility.

BACKGROUND: Mobility limitations are common and hazardous in community-dwelling older adults but are largely understudied, particularly regarding the role of the central nervous system (CNS). This has limited development of clearly defined pathophysiology, clinical terminology, and effective treatments. Understanding how changes in the CNS contribute to mobility limitations has the potential to inform future intervention studies. METHODS: A conference series was launched at the 2012 conference of the Gerontological Society of America in collaboration with the National Institute on Aging and t…

[Prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system malformations].

The prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations have been the subject of numerous publications in the literature. This has dramatically increased in the last 15 years, mainly due to the advent of high-resolution ultrasound. In addition adequate guidelines issued by professional organizations have encouraged the universal approach to the imaging of fetal anatomy as well as malformations. One of the most significant groups of the fetal anomalies is the central nervous system malformation. Due to its prevalence and severity the praenatal diagnostics of central nervous system malformations got basic…

Central nervous system involvement in scrub typhus.

Scrub typhus is an emerging infectious disease in India. Among its protean clinical manifestations, central nervous system involvement is common. In this prospective observational study, altered sensorium, headache, seizures and aseptic meningitis were found to be common central nervous system manifestations. Prompt treatment with doxycycline reduces morbidity and mortality.

[Central nervous system demyelinating disease-associated uveitis].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features and visual prognosis in uveitis associated with demyelinating disease (DD) of the CNS. METHODS: A clinical, retrospective, and descriptive study was performed. Data regarding age at presentation, gender, time from onset was recorded, as well as, type of uveitis, complications, treatment and initial and final visual acuity (BCVA) on all patients with DD-associated uveitis diagnosed in our Unit between January 2009 and June 2011. RESULTS: Five women and 4 men were finally included (1.3% of 697 with uveitis). There was associated multip

Fungal infections of the central nervous system.

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) frequently occur in the immunocompromised or debilitated host. Imaging findings are non-specific but may be organized into extra-axial, parenchymal, and vascular categories. Furthermore, knowledge of fungal morphology may predict the imaging manifestations with large, hyphal species having a predilection for brain parenchymal involvement, while small, unicellular organisms typically result in meningitis. Advanced imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging, MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy, when combined with clinical findings, ma…