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Strategies to Support LGBTQ+ Students in High Schools: What Did We Learn in Chicago Public Schools?

In 2013, the Chicago Public Schools district received funding from the Division of Adolescent and School Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to implement a series of strategies aimed to reduce HIV, STIs (sexually transmitted diseases), and related risk behaviors among students. One such set of strategies included "safe and supportive environments" (SSE), aimed to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and other LGBTQ+ students. SSE strategies included professional development and technical assistance provided to K-12 school staff (teachers, adminis…

Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL.

Mechanical ventilation systems are used in residences to introduce ventilation air and dilute indoor-generated pollutants. A variety of ventilation system types can be used in home retrofits, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) in different ways. Here we describe the Breathe Easy Project, a >2-year longitudinal, pseudo-randomized, crossover study designed to assess IAQ and adult asthma outcomes before and after installing residential mechanical ventilation systems in 40 existing homes in Chicago, IL. Each home received one of three types of ventilation systems: continuous exhaust-only, interm…

Culex flavivirus and West Nile virus mosquito coinfection and positive ecological association in Chicago, United States.

Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific flavivirus globally distributed in mosquitoes of the genus Culex. CxFV was positively associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a case-control study of 268 mosquito pools from an endemic focus of WNV transmission in Chicago, United States. Specifically, WNV-positive Culex mosquito pools were four times more likely also to be infected with CxFV than were spatiotemporally matched WNV-negative pools. In addition, mosquito pools from residential sites characterized by dense housing and impermeable surfaces were more likely to be infected with …

Outcome of treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis, 1981-2004: the National Collaborative Chicago-Based, Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study.

BACKGROUND: Without treatment, congenital toxoplasmosis has recurrent, recrudescent, adverse outcomes. Long-term follow-up of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis treated throughout their first year of life with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine has not been reported. METHODS: Between 1981 and 2004, one hundred twenty infants (current mean age +/- standard deviation, 10.5 +/- 4.8 years) with congenital toxoplasmosis were treated with 1 of 2 doses of pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine; therapy was initiated shortly after birth and continued for 12 months. Children who received treatment were evalua

Associations between food retailer availability and violent crime by neighborhood SES in Chicago, IL: an ecological study.

BACKGROUND: Violent crime continues to be a public health issue in the U.S. Prior research has associated greater availability of certain food retailers (i.e., convenience stores, liquor stores, dollar stores) with higher violent crime rates at the community level. There is limited understanding of how these retailers, and others, are associated with violent crime across the spectrum of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). To further explore this topic, this ecological study examined associations between food retailer availability and violent crime rate in Chicago, IL by neighborhood SES. …

Addressing Gaps in the Chicago Classification Version 4.0: Defining an Optimal Intrabolus Pressure Measurement on Esophageal Manometry.

BACKGROUND: Intrabolus pressure (IBP) reflects the pressure within the esophageal lumen during bolus transit and serves as a physiologic marker of outflow resistance at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). The lack of a standardized or validated method to measure IBP is a critical limitation for interpreting high resolution manometry (HRM) and identification of clinically relevant EGJ outflow obstruction (EGJOO). METHODS: Three distinct cohorts, "Controls", Normal motility", and "conclusive EGJOO" were selected from a prospectively enrolled cohort of adult patients. All patients had at least u

Group A Streptococcus Disease Outbreak Associated with Large Congregate Shelter, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 2023-January 2024.

Chicago Department of Public Health identified 3 pediatric patients hospitalized with group A Streptococcus (GAS) disease during October 26-November 3, 2023, in a large congregate family migrant shelter in Chicago, Illinois, USA. One patient had invasive GAS infection; 2 had peritonsillar abscesses requiring drainage. Despite infection control measures, GAS pharyngitis cases continued through November 13. Chicago Department of Public Health coordinated clinical partners to perform rapid antigen detection testing and throat cultures for residents and staff with pharyngitis symptoms. During Nove…

Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequities in SARS-CoV-2-Related Outcomes: Results from a Serosurvey in Chicago.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have documented racial and ethnic disparities related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 prevalence and associated health outcomes, but the proximal determinants underpinning these disparities remain unclear. Here, we test whether demographics, household composition, occupation type, chronic conditions, health insurance coverage, and neighborhood disadvantage account for racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a serosurvey of adults in Chicago, IL (n = 5991) before emergency use authorization for COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020. Participants…

Decomposing the Association Between Neighborhood Homicide Rates and Stress-Related Health Outcomes Among Black Men in Chicago.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals living in neighborhoods with high levels of violence are exposed to chronic stress, which can have deleterious effects on health. In addition, subjective appraisal of stress may influence health outcomes. METHODS: The authors conducted structural equation modeling. The authors used data collected between May and August 2022, which included 127 older Black men who resided in Chicago, to explore the extent to which perceptions of stress and violence exposure mediate the relationship between actual neighborhood homicide rate and health outcomes. RESULTS: Bivariate stat…

Using wastewater surveillance for mpox as a complement to traditional case-based reporting - Chicago, March-June 2023.

The Chicago Department of Public Health tested wastewater samples for the presence of Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) from March 13 through June 26, 2023. There were persistent detections prior to reported cases. This indicated the baseline levels of MPXV prevalence might warrant routine monitoring. Detections in areas without corresponding reported clinical cases might highlight areas where cases are being under-reported by traditional surveillance.

Two-step light gradient boosted model to identify human west nile virus infection risk factor in Chicago.

West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito bites, causes primarily mild symptoms but can also be fatal. Therefore, predicting and controlling the spread of West Nile virus is essential for public health in endemic areas. We hypothesized that socioeconomic factors may influence human risk from WNV. We analyzed a list of weather, land use, mosquito surveillance, and socioeconomic variables for predicting WNV cases in 1-km hexagonal grids across the Chicago metropolitan area. We used a two-stage lightGBM approach to perform the analysis and found that hexagons with incomes above …

Inhibition of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUTs) with Chicago Sky Blue 6B Before Focal Cerebral Ischemia Offers Neuroprotection.

Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in the world. Interruption of the blood supply to the brain is … pression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in rats. Next, we investigated the influence of VGLUT inhibition with Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSB6B) on Glu release and stroke outcome. The effect of CSB6B pretreatment on infarct volume and neurological deficit was compared with a reference model of ischemic preconditioning. The results of this study indicate that ischemia upre …

Modeling hepatitis C micro-elimination among people who inject drugs with direct-acting antivirals in metropolitan Chicago.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy … s goal of reducing incident chronic infections by 90% by 2030 among a large population of PWID from Chicago, IL and surrounding suburbs. We also estimated the economic DAA costs associated with each scenario. Our results indicate that a DAA treatment rate of >7.5% per year with 90% adherence results in 75% of enrolled PWID requiring only a single DAA cour …

The association between sleep characteristics and prothrombotic markers in a population-based sample: Chicago Area Sleep Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Short sleep duration and poor quality sleep are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality; however, the underlying pathophysiologic process remains unclear. Sleep apnea may confound the association because of its relationship with formation of thrombi, the vascular occlusive process in CHD. We tested whether sleep duration and quality were associated with prothrombotic biomarkers in adults with a low probability of apnea. METHODS: We included adults aged 35-64 years recruited from the community and who had an apnea hypopnea index <15 after one night of screeni

Factors associated with repeat syphilis testing at a large urban LGBT health clinic: Chicago, IL 2002-2008.

BACKGROUND: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends clinical and serologic re-evaluation at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis with early syphilis, to determine treatment efficacy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of men who have sex with men enrolled in primary care at a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health center. We used multivariable Poisson regression to examine associations between patient characteristics and timely follow-up (return clinic visit within 6 months of initial diagnosis) and among patients with timely follow-up, factors associate

Decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self-neglect: finding from the Chicago Health Aging Project.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the longitudinal association between decline in cognitive function and risk of elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population. DESIGN: Prospective population-based study. SETTING: Geographically defined community in Chicago. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling subjects reported to the social services agency from 1993 to 2005 for self-neglect who also participated in the Chicago Health Aging Project (CHAP). Of the 5,519 participants in CHAP, 1,017 were reported to social services agency for suspected elder self-neglect from 1993 to 2005. MEASUREMENTS: Social servi…

Выявление связанных с теплом диагнозов в ходе посещений чрезвычайных служб взрослыми в Чикаго: исследование по всей ассоциации.

Крайняя теплота - это растущая проблема здравоохранения. Несмотря на то, что в ходе предыдущих исследований были изучены ассоциации по вопросам теплоздоровья, их зависимость от ограниченных диагностических и диагностических категорий может упустить из виду или дезклассифицировать связанные с теплом заболевания. Здесь мы провели в Чикаго, штат Иллинойс, исследование теплообщности для оценки диагнозов острого лечения, связанных с экстремальным теплом. Использование 916,904 посещения в целях оказания неотложной медицинской помощи, включая экстренное отделение и встречи по оказанию неотложной меди

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Extreme heat is an escalating public health concern. Although prior studies have examined heat-health associations, their reliance on restricted diagnoses and diagnostic categories may miss or misclassify heat-related illness. Here, we conducted a heat-wide association study to evaluate acute-care diagnoses associated with extreme heat in Chicago, Illinois. …