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Evaluation of myelin content in the spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis: A positron emission tomography study.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is divided into Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) and Progressive (PMS) phenotypes, both associated with spinal cord (SC) damage. MS-related disability and SC atrophy are not yet fully understood and can differ across phenotypes. A combined approach using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could provide a broader understanding of myelin changes in the cervical SC (CSC) in different MS phenotypes and the associations with disability. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate CSC myelin content using a PET-MRI with [11C]PIB and its association wit…

Tactile-associated recruitment of the cervical cord is altered in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the brain have shown that cortical reorganization might contribute to a more favourable clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to assess whether fMRI changes can also be detected in the spinal cord from patients with MS, and to investigate their nature and extent, twenty-five patients and 12 matched healthy controls were scanned during a tactile stimulation of the palm of the right hand. The task-related mean signal change was computed for all activated voxels within the cervical cord and, separately, in the right and left …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with multiple sclerosis: a clinical and pathological report.

We report a 62-year-old woman with a past history of painful central visual loss who developed progressive quadriparesis and bulbar palsy. Neurological examination revealed widespread upper and lower motor neuron signs in the bulbar region and extremities. Electromyography demonstrated widespread active and chronic motor axon loss. Magnetic resonance neuroimaging studies revealed enhancing callosal and periventricular white matter lesions and cervical and thoracic cord hyperintensities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with multiple sclerosis. The patient died of respiratory failure…

Is spasticity always the same? An observational study comparing the features of spastic equinus foot in patients with chronic stroke and multiple sclerosis.

Spasticity is common in stroke and multiple sclerosis. To treat spasticity we have a wide range of interventions, whose application may depend not only on the severity of spasticity but also on its etiology. Consequently, a better understanding of muscle spasticity in different neurological diseases may inform clinicians as to the more appropriate therapeutic approach. Our aim was to compare the clinical and ultrasonographic features of spastic equinus in patients with chronic stroke and multiple sclerosis. Thirty-eight patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and 38 chronic stro…

The impact of changing diagnostic criteria on disability in a Brazilian multiple sclerosis cohort.

Updating multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria over recent decades may have impacted disability progression.To assess the effects of the passage of time and changes in diagnostic criteria on disability.A retrospective study of Brazilian people with relapsing-remitting MS from 1994 to 2019. Descriptive analysis compared three periods based on admission: Epoch 1 (1994-2001), 2 (2002-2010), and 3 (2011-2019). Cox regressions were performed for the outcomes of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) 6.0 and conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). We compared the three Epochs in se…

Network Damage Predicts Clinical Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis: A 6.4-Year Study.

OBJECTIVE: In multiple sclerosis (MS), clinical impairment is likely due to both structural damage and abnormal brain function. We assessed the added value of integrating structural and functional network MRI measures to predict 6.4-year MS clinical disability deterioration. METHODS: Baseline 3D T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI scans were obtained from 233 patients with MS and 77 healthy controls. Patients underwent a neurologic evaluation at baseline and at 6.4-year median follow-up (interquartile range = 5.06-7.51 years). At follow-up, patients were classified as clinically stab…

A CSF disease-associated macrophage signature defines progressive multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) often corresponds to irreversible disability in MS patients. Cellular changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have provided biomarkers and mechanisms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) but remain understudied in primary and secondary progressive MS (summarized herein as PMS). METHODS: We combined retrospective flow cytometry of CSF cells from RRMS (n = 169), PMS (n = 56), and non-inflammatory controls (n = 74) with prospective CSF single-cell transcriptomics of 35 individuals (11 controls, 12 RRMS, and 12 PMS) and with confirmatory CSF ELISA. A…

Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that typically strikes young adults. It is often associated with a wide range of functional deficits and progressive disability. Common symptoms of multiple sclerosis include vision problems, spasticity, weakness, ataxia, bladder and bowel dysfunctions, fatigue, pain syndromes, tremors, vertigo, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders. Multiple sclerosis has a major negative impact on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Quality of life (QoL) is a multidimensional construct composed of functional…

Spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in the cervical spinal cord.

Spinal cord lesions detected on MRI hold important diagnostic and prognostic value for multiple sclerosis. Previous attempts to correlate lesion burden with clinical status have had limited success, however, suggesting that lesion location may be a contributor. Our aim was to explore the spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in the cervical spinal cord, with respect to clinical status. We included 642 suspected or confirmed multiple sclerosis patients (31 clinically isolated syndrome, and 416 relapsing-remitting, 84 secondary progressive, and 73 primary progressive multiple sclero…

Phenotyping of multiple sclerosis lesions according to innate immune cell activation using 18 kDa translocator protein-PET.

Chronic active lesions are promotors of neurodegeneration and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. They harbour a dense rim of activated innate immune cells at the lesion edge, which promotes lesion growth and thereby induces damage. Conventional MRI is of limited help in identifying the chronic active lesions, so alternative imaging modalities are needed. Objectives were to develop a PET-based automated analysis method for phenotyping of chronic lesions based on lesion-associated innate immune cell activation and to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of these lesions in the various…

Lesional-targeting of neuroprotection to the inflammatory penumbra in experimental multiple sclerosis.

Progressive multiple sclerosis is associated with metabolic failure of the axon and excitotoxicity that leads to chronic neurodegeneration. Global sodium-channel blockade causes side effects that can limit its use for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Through selective targeting of drugs to lesions we aimed to improve the potential therapeutic window for treatment. This was assessed in the relapsing-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ABH mouse model of multiple sclerosis using conventional sodium channel blockers and a novel central nervous system-excluded sodium channe…

[Schizophreniform psychosis with polydipsia and electrolyte imbalance in multiple sclerosis].

We present the case report of a young woman who suffered from schizophrenia-like psychosis leading to polydipsia and consequent water intoxication. Because of progressive somnolence and epileptic seizures therapy on the intensive care unit became necessary. Findings of MRI and cerebrospinal fluid were consistent with the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. As other possible causes could be excluded, multiple sclerosis seemed to be most probable. Simultaneous incidence of schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis and the differential diagnosis of central pontine …

Методология и оценка внедрения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, предклинической модели муслинного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы (КНС), характеризующееся сильным и прогрессивным демиелионирующим процессом. Она считается нейродегенеративным аутоиммунным расстройством, вызываемым инфильтрацией иммунных клеток, перепроизводством цитокинов и аккумулированием реактивных видов кислорода (РОС), что приводит к аксоновым и нейронным повреждениям. Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) является наиболее часто используемой доклинической моделью множественного склероза (MS), поскольку он напоминает многие аспекты болезни чел

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by a severe and progressive demyelinating process. It is considered a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder driven by immune cell infiltration, overproduction of cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that leads to axonal and …

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study.

BACKGROUND: More than half of patients with multiple sclerosis have progressive disease characterised by accumulating disability. The absence of treatments for progressive multiple sclerosis represents a major unmet clinical need. On the basis of evidence that mesenchymal stem cells have a beneficial effect in acute and chronic animal models of multiple sclerosis, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of these cells as a potential neuroprotective treatment for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis involving the visual pa…

Acute Heart Failure in Advanced Systemic Sclerosis With Multiorgan Involvement.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure secondary to autoimmune diseases is uncommon. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by microvascular damage and progressive fibrosis in multiple organ systems. CASE SUMMARY: A man in his 60s, without cardiovascular risk factors, presented with worsening dyspnea (in cardiogenic pulmonary edema), chronic finger cyanosis with ischemic ulcers, progressive dysphagia for about 2 years, and a 10 kg weight loss over 6-12 months. Echocardiography showed a severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction of 10%. Computer tomography excluded malig

Personality traits and disability in multiple sclerosis: The role of type D personality.

BACKGROUND: The Type D personality has been linked to worse outcomes in chronic diseases, but its role in multiple sclerosis (MS) disability is not well established. The study aimed to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of MS patients with and without a Type D personality and to explore their associations with Type D personality. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 350 people with MS (PwMS) were recruited from a tertiary MS clinic in Iran from August 2024 to May 2025. Demographic and clinical data, including MS subtype and disability measured by the Expanded Disability Statu…

Characterization of cortico-meningeal translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis.

Compartmentalized meningeal inflammation is thought to represent one of the key players in the pathogenesis of cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis. PET targeting the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a molecular-specific approach to quantifying immune cell-mediated density in the cortico-meningeal tissue compartment in vivo. This study aimed to characterize cortical and meningeal TSPO expression in a heterogeneous cohort of multiple sclerosis cases using in vivo simultaneous MR-PET with 11C-PBR28, a second-generation TSPO radioligand, and ex vivo immunohistochemistry…

Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis identifies clomipramine as a promising therapeutic.

The treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is unsatisfactory. One reason is that the drivers of disease, which include iron-mediated neurotoxicity, lymphocyte activity, and oxidative stress, are not simultaneously targeted. Here we present a systematic screen to identify generic, orally available medications that target features of progressive MS. Of 249 medications that cross the blood-brain barrier, 35 prevent iron-mediated neurotoxicity in culture. Of these, several antipsychotics and antidepressants strongly reduce T-cell proliferation and oxidative stress. We focus on the antide…

Paraoxonase 1 activity in different types of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme bound to plasma high-density lipoproteins and is also present in the brain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the activity of PON1 in patients with different types of MS. METHODS: The PON1 activity toward paraoxon and phenyl acetate and lipid profile was examined in 40 relapsing-remitting (RR) patients in relapse, in 42 RR patients in remission, in 55 progressive MS patients and in 40 healthy individuals. RESULTS: PON1 activity did not differ in MS patients compared to control group. PON1 activity in relapse was signif

Epileptic seizures, cranial neuralgias and paroxysmal symptoms in remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis.

The occurrence of a first epileptic seizure, spinal or brainstem paroxysmal symptom and cranial neuralgia during 25 years after onset was studied in a population-based multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort of 255 patients. Epileptic seizures occurred in 20, paroxysmal symptoms in 11 and cranial (trigeminal, intermedius, retroauricular or occipital) neuralgia in 11 patients. The yearly incidence of epileptic seizures in MS was estimated to be 349(+/-153)/100,000, approximately seven times higher than in the general population. The yearly incidence of a first paroxysmal symptom in the present material …