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Parent and peer communication effects on AIDS-related behavior among U.S. high school students.

Data from a 1989 national probability sample of 8,098 high school students in the United States indicate that young people's discussions about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with parents and with peers are highly correlated and have opposite effects on behavior. Students who discussed HIV with their parents were less likely than those who did not to have had multiple sex partners, to have had unprotected sexual intercourse and to have ever injected drugs; on the other hand, students who discussed HIV with their peers were more likely than those who did not to have had multiple partners

The influence of friendships on the mental health of maltreated youth: A pre-registered systematic review using a developmental psychopathology perspective.

Friendships are a potential factor that influence maltreated children's risk for psychopathology. This systematic review examined (1) how friendships influence the association between child maltreatment and psychopathology and (2) developmental differences in how friendships influence this association. Four databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were primary study, quantitative, measures of maltreatment and friendship up to the age of 18 years, measures of psychopathology up to the age of 24 years, and a non-maltreated sample. Exclusion criteria were qualitative, reviews or meta-analyses,

Smoking prevention: towards a process approach.

Current studies of smoking prevention treat the adolescent as a target of influence, they emphasize the acquisition of skills for resisting peer pressure and give too little attention to motivation for resistance. Studies consistent with this social learning framework show moderate reductions in the incidence of smoking for the short term; recent, long-term follow-ups show no reduction in experimental over control conditions. We propose a re-examination of the influence framework and suggest that adolescents use smoking and dress, to project an image of self that will increase the likelihood o

Association of Index Adopter Characteristics With Peer Surgeon Adoption of Robotic Bariatric Surgery.

IMPORTANCE: Robotic surgery adoption in bariatric surgery has expanded rapidly, yet whether early adopter performance influences subsequent … romoting technology diffusion may require focusing on equitable robotic resource access rather than peer influence from high-performing early adopters.

:: санитарные последствия привязанности афроамериканских девочек к психиатрической помощи.

Африканские девочки, находящиеся в психиатрической помощи, подвергаются повышенному риску заражения ВИЧ и передаваемыми половым путем инфекциями (ИППП) в результате сексуального риска. Сексуальное поведение подростков часто отражает нормы и поведение сверстников. Надежные отношения с матерями и сверстниками могут уменьшить воздействие негативного влияния сверстников и уменьшить сексуальный риск среди афроамериканских девочек. В ходе этого исследования были изучены взаимоотношения между матерью и дочерью и сверстниками, нормы сверстников и сексуальное поведение афроамериканских девочек, обращаю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
African American girls in psychiatric care are at increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) through sexual risk taking. Adolescent sexual behavior often reflects peer norms and behavior. Secure attachment patterns with mothers and peers might lessen the effects of negative peer influences and reduce sexual risk taking among African Amer…

Sexual Minority Status and Adolescent Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight status among adolescents in the U.S. Moreover, this study tested whether parental and peer influences contribute to sexual orientation disparities in adolescent eating behaviors, physical activity, BMI, and examined disparities in weight misperception. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were from 1,926 adolescents who participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study in 2010-2011. Linear and multinomial logistic regressions conducted in 2017-2018 were used to test disparities and inte…

Letter to editor: Peer attitudes after adolescent acquired brain injury: moving from intention to real-world inclusion.

Adolescent acquired brain injury (ABI) often results in long-term social challenges, with peer acceptance playing a crucial role in psychosocial outcomes. Hills and Dunsmuir's study highlights how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence adolescents' intentions to engage with peers with ABI, explaining 83% of the variance. Notably, perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor, indicating that even positive attitudes may not translate into inclusion if engagement is perceived as difficult. Externalizing behaviors further reduce the likelihood of peer a

Peer counselling for the promotion of long-acting, reversible contraception among teens: a randomised, controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate the impact peer counselling has on same-day desire for long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC) among adolescents attending a family planning clinic. METHODS: A randomised, controlled trial of 110 adolescent females attending an outpatient clinic for contraception in 2013. Adolescents received either brief peer counselling about LARC with routine contraceptive counselling, or routine counselling alone. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression assessed the primary outcome of same-day desire for LARC and secondary outcomes of change in knowledge and attitude

Roles of temperamental arousal and gender-segregated play in young children's social adjustment.

The hypothesis that gender differences in children's adjustment is partially influenced by differences in temperament and interactions with same-sex peers was examined. Fifty-seven predominantly White, middle-class preschoolers (29 boys and 28 girls, M age = 54.5 months) participated. Measures were taken of children's arousability, problem behaviors, and tendencies to play with same-sex peers. A semester later, children's peer status was assessed. Analyses revealed that arousability and same-sex peer play interacted to predict problem behaviors. For boys high in arousability, play with same-se

Associations among distorted cognitions and hypothetical parenting responses prior to parenthood.

Using path analytic methods, the present study used two social-cognitive models of maladaptive parenting to predict endorsements of child punishment in a sample of 101 young adults who had not yet become parents. Participants completed paper-and-pencil measures of expectations, attributions, current aggression, and responses to vignettes about child rearing and social situations. Results suggest that working models of parent-child relationships are related in predictable ways to endorsements of cognitive and behavioral responses toward children in vignettes, even in adults who are not yet pare

Psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE: One goal in identifying psychosocial risk factors is to discover opportunities for intervention. The purpose of this review is to examine psychosocial risk factors for disordered eating, placing research findings in the larger context of how etiological models for eating disorders can be transformed into models for intervention. METHOD: A qualitative literature review was conducted focusing on psychological and social factors that increase the risk for developing eating disorders, with an emphasis on well-replicated findings from prospective longitudinal studies. RESULTS: Epidemio

The Poetry of Recovery in Peer Support Workers with Mental Illness: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

This study was conducted to investigate and understand various aspects related to participants' experiences in peer support activities, with a particular focus on their personal growth and the influence of these activities on their lives. In this qualitative study, peer support workers with mental illness were the main subjects, and they were recruited from G Metropolitan City, South Korea. The study used purposive sampling, guided by recommendations from peer support worker support organizations. A total of five participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure maximum variability

Unlocking the Power of Peer Support in Digital Use and Digital Health Interventions for Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

AIM: To summarise peer support in digital use and digital health interventions for older adults. DATA SOURCES: The following databases were searched (from 2010 to 2024): PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and EBSCOhost. REVIEW METHODS: This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. All articles selected and extracted were double-checked. The data were analysed using the inductive descriptive approach and presented in table and narrative form. RESULTS: This review included 21 studies involving ad

Social connections with family and friends in adolescence: Shaping body mass index trajectories into adulthood.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether adolescent social connections influence body mass index (BMI) trajectories into adulthood and explore whether associations are moderated by gender, ethnicity or age. METHODS: Data came from 17,719 American adolescents in grades 7-12 at baseline (1994-95) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Growth curve models tested associations between baseline social connections and BMI trajectories from waves II-V including interactions for gender, ethnicity and age. RESULTS: Stronger peer connections were associated with flatter BMI traje

A four-factor model of executive function: Predicting physical and academic outcomes from cognitive assessments in adolescents.

Impulsivity and cognitive function are essential for understanding behavioral regulation, particularly in relation to health-risk behaviors like substance use, physical activity, and academic performance. This study examined the factor structure underlying executive function in adolescents using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. We explored how parental monitoring moderates, and peer network health and perceived stress mediate, relationships between cognitive function and outcomes such as BMI, physical activity, and academic performance. Exploratory factor

The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health.

Adolescence (the stage between 10 and 24 years) is a period of life characterised by heightened sensitivity to social stimuli and the increa … ight have far-reaching consequences. Human studies have shown the importance of peer acceptance and peer influence in adolescence. Animal research has shown that social deprivation and isolation have unique effects on brain and behaviour in adolescence compared with other stages of life. However, the decrease in adolescent face-to-face contact might be less detr …

Exploring influences on infant-feeding decisions among mothers with learning disabilities: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: During the transition to motherhood, women need to make decisions about infant-feeding. For women with learning disabilities, making such decisions is impacted by their capacity to interpret information. Understanding the influences on infant-feeding decisions can improve support for mothers with learning disabilities. AIM: Our review explores broad intersecting influences, including autonomy, formal and informal support systems, and information delivery, by synthesising both peer-reviewed and grey literature. It aimed to understand these aspects in relation to infant-feeding deci

Cultural transmission of attitudes and behaviours from parents, peers and grandparents.

This study investigates how attitudes and behaviours are transmitted across generations and social networks, focusing on the relative influence of parents, grandparents, and peers. Building on the influential work of Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman (1982), we aimed to disentangle vertical and horizontal pathways of cultural transmission and assess their contribution to the stability and variation of cultural traits in a contemporary population. We conducted a large-scale survey involving 1905 university students in Australia and 4000 of their parents, grandparents, and friends. Participants reporte

Vaccine hesitancy in conflict-affected Ukraine: An agent-based analysis of survey data.

BACKGROUND: In conflict-afflicted regions like Ukraine, disrupted health services, displacement, and logistical disturbances have compromise … that vaccination uptake in Ukraine is governed by a dynamic interplay between structural access and peer influence. Belief transitions reached 88%, whereas vaccination uptake increased 3%-15% due to access barriers. Conversely, peer dynamics increased vaccination coverage to 69%-89%, leading to a smoother coverage distribution. Sensitivity analyses indicated tha …

Can you FORCE research implementation? A PERUKI survey to evaluate knowledge translation of the FORCE study.

AIMS: To assess the uptake of the Forearm Fracture Recovery in Children Evaluation (FORCE) trial findings into clinical practice, and to ide … ntering barriers to implementation, the most common being colleague or parent expectations. Peer-to-peer influence (40.8%) and the use of FORCE dissemination tools (38.8%) were the most frequently cited enablers. Among those using the dissemination tools, 79.5% implemented the recommended management compared with 18.2% who did not (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The f …