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Neuroprotective Potential of Dendritic Cells and Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis.

Myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular and meningeal macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), are present in the central nervous system (CNS) and establish an intricate relationship with other cells, playing a crucial role both in health and in neurological diseases. In this context, DCs are critical to orchestrating the immune response linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. Under steady-state conditions, DCs patrol the CNS, sampling their local environment and acting as sentinels. During neuroinflammation, the resulting activation of DCs is a critical step that d

The interaction between metaplastic neuromodulation and fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neuromuscular fatigue contributes to decrements in quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), yet available treatments demonstrate limited efficacy. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique which presents promise in managing fatigue, possibly related to its capacity to modulate corticospinal excitability. There is evidence for capitalising on metaplasticity using tDCS for improving outcomes. However, this remains to be explored with fatigue in people with MS (pwMS). We investigated cathodal tDCS (ctDCS) priming on a…

Mind wandering in people with Multiple Sclerosis: A psychometric study.

BACKGROUND: Although mind wandering (MW) is associated with various psychological aspects frequently affected in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), there is lack of validated tools to assess MW in this clinical population. OBJECTIVE: This psychometric study aimed to assess structural and construct validity and reliability of a brief Italian version of Mind Wandering (MW) Scale that measures two different dimensions of MW, i.e., spontaneous (MW-S) and deliberate (MW-D). METHODS: Structural validity of the MW Scale was assessed by explorative factor analysis (EFA). To investigate construct…

The Economic and Humanistic Burden of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Pediatric-onset MS (POMS), defined as onset of MS before 18 years of age, is estimated to account for 2% to 5% of the MS population worldwide. Objectives: To conduct a literature review focused on the healthcare resource utilization and cost as well as quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes among patients with POMS. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of English-language studies published after September 2010 in MEDLINE and Embase to describe the global economic healthcare r…

Association of adverse childhood experiences with the development of multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether exposure to childhood emotional, sexual or physical abuse is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS) development. METHODS: A nationwide, prospective cohort study based on participants in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort study. Enrolment took place 1999-2008, with follow-up until 31 December 2018. Childhood abuse before age 18 years was obtained from self-completed questionnaires. We identified MS diagnoses through data-linkage with national health registries and hospital records. The Cox model was used to estimate HRs for MS with 95% CIs, ad…

A Case of Multiple Sclerosis with Protracted Course of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: We reported a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) with persistent symptomatic COVID-19, which was complicated by new-appearing severe pneumonia 40 days after disease onset. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old man with a history of multiple sclerosis referred to our hospital with fever, shaking chills, cough, and dyspnea. In his history, the patient had developed mild COVID-19 from 40 days ago. After 7 days of disease onset, the COVID symptoms had been subsided partially, but fatigue, myalgia, intermittent fever, and loss of taste and smell had been continued. In physical examinations, hi…

Effect of puberty on the immune system: Relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Puberty is a dynamic period marked by changing levels of sex hormones, the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive maturity. This period has profound effects on various organ systems, including the immune system. The critical changes that occur in the immune system during pubertal onset have been shown to have implications for autoimmune conditions, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is rare prior to puberty but can manifest in children after puberty. This disease also has a clear female preponderance that only arises following pubertal onset, highlighting a potenti…

"Ependymal-in" Gradient of Thalamic Damage in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Leptomeningeal and perivenular infiltrates are important contributors to cortical grey matter damage and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Whereas perivenular inflammation induces vasculocentric lesions, leptomeningeal involvement follows a subpial "surface-in" gradient. To determine whether similar gradient of damage occurs in deep grey matter nuclei, we examined the dorsomedial thalamic nuclei and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 41 postmortem secondary progressive MS cases compared with 5 non-neurological controls and 12 controls with other neurological diseases. CSF/epe…

Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been thoroughly investigated, but a further analysis on main signs and symptoms and their risk factors still needs attention. The objective of this study was to group together and describe based on similarity the most common signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in MS patients and identify all factors associated with their manifestation. METHOD: Logistic and linear regression models were run to recognize factors associated with each pooled group of symptoms and their tot…

Использование склероза у лиц с множественным склерозом: обновление 2022 года.

Натальизумаб является гуманизированным моноколональным антителом, используемым для лечения сильно активного релапсирующего многократного склероза (MS). Благодаря более чем 15-летнему опыту послепродажного обучения в области родовспоможения в Канаде, ряд исследований, проведенных в реальном мире, продемонстрировали долгосрочную эффективность и безопасность этого явления. Кроме того, были разработаны стратегии стратификации/смягчения риска в отношении прогрессивной лейкоэнцефалопатии (ПМС), что является негативным эффектом, связанным с натализумабом, на основе индекса вируса Джона Каннингема (JC

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). With more than 15 years of post-marketing experience with natalizumab in Canada, several real-world studies have shown the long-term efficacy and safety of natalizumab. In addition, risk stratification/mitigation strateg…

Multiple Sclerosis in a Patient With Prior West Nile Encephalitis.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by an inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. The degenerative disease has been linked to numerous viral infections, geographical locations, and genetic predisposition. One link that has not been fully established is the relationship between West Nile virus infection and its role in the initiation of multiple sclerosis. This case study provides further evidence that the proinflammatory neurological processes induced by the West Nile virus may lead to systemic demyelination of neuronal axons, ultimately causing mu…

Season of birth is associated with multiple sclerosis and disease severity.

BACKGROUND: The latitude gradient in multiple sclerosis incidence indicates that low sun exposure and therefore vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple sclerosis risk. OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the effect of month of birth, which influences postnatal vitamin D levels, on multiple sclerosis risk and severity in Sweden. METHODS: Patients and population-based controls were included from three nationwide cohorts. Differences in month of birth between cases and controls were analyzed using logistic regression and examined for effect modification by calendar year and geographic region a…

Genomic and functional evaluation of TNFSF14 in multiple sclerosis susceptibility.

Among multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility genes, the strongest non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) signal in the Italian population maps to the TNFSF14 gene encoding LIGHT, a glycoprotein involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Through fine-mapping in a large Italian dataset (4,198 patients with MS and 3,903 controls), we show that the TNFSF14 intronic SNP rs1077667 is the primarily MS-associated variant in the region. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis indicates that the MS risk allele is significantly associated with reduced TNFSF14 messenger RNA levels in blood cells, …

The journeys of patients with trigeminal neuralgia on a background of multiple sclerosis.

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is well recognized as a secondary cause for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In this case series, we detail the management of all the patients with TN and MS (pwTNMS) presenting to a specialist unit. Materials & methods: A prospective patient database was used to extract key clinical data on pharmacological, psychometric and surgical management of 20 pwTNMS. Results: 65% of pwTNMS underwent surgical interventions for management of their pain.12/20 achieved remission periods, through surgery and/or medication. Significant improvement was noted on the global impression of …

In Vivo Molecular Changes in the Retina of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

PURPOSE: Raman spectroscopy allows molecular changes to be quantified in vivo from the tissues like the retina. Here we aimed to assess the metabolic changes in the retina of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We built a Raman spectroscopy prototype by connecting a scanning laser ophthalmoscope to a spectrophotometer. We defined the spectra of 10 molecules participating on energy supply, axon biology, or synaptic damage, which have been shown to be altered in the brain of patients with MS: cytochrome C, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), …

Multiple Sclerosis Presenting with Sixth Nerve Palsy in a Child.

We report a child with multiple sclerosis who presented with sixth nerve palsy. She is a twelve-year-old Bahraini female presented to the ophthalmology department complaining of double vision. She also had imbalance and paraesthesia. Extraocular muscle examination showed restriction of abduction in the right eye. There was no change in vision. MRI showed right eye optic neuritis (ON) and demyelination which was indicative of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) showed thinning of nerve fibres of both eyes which was consistent with subclinical optic neuritis. Neurological …

Nanosystems and exosomes as future approaches in treating multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which leads to neurological dysfunctions and severe disabilities. MS pathology is characterised by damage of the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of autoreactive T cells that overactivate glial cells, thereby initiating neuroinflammation accompanied by the formation of demyelinating plaques and neurodegeneration. Clinical deficits in this multifactorial disease depend on the progression of myelin loss, the stage of inflammation, the status of axons and the activity of oligodendrocyte precursor…

Performance of Activities of daily living in people with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may result in activity and participation limitations, including the performance of activities of daily living (ADL). This study aims at systematically investigate ADL performance by using Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) in people with MS (PwMS) of all disease types and within the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) range from 1.0 - 8.0. METHODS: Eight multiple sclerosis (MS) centres participated in data collection of a consecutive sample of PwMS. Participants were referred for assessment to occupational therapy (OT) by treating phys…