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Regenerative rehabilitation: a novel multidisciplinary field to maximize patient outcomes.

Regenerative rehabilitation is a novel and rapidly developing multidisciplinary field that converges regenerative medicine and rehabilitation science, aiming to maximize the functions of disabled patients and their independence. While regenerative medicine provides state-of-the-art technologies that shed light on difficult-to-treated diseases, regenerative rehabilitation offers rehabilitation interventions to improve the positive effects of regenerative medicine. However, regenerative scientists and rehabilitation professionals focus on their aspects without enough exposure to advances in each

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… Another study showed that transplantation of MDSCs from mice had better improvement of cardiac function than myoblasts in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) [ 39 ]. … Bouchentouf M Benabdallah BF Mills P Tremblay JP Exercise improves the success of myoblast transplantation in mdx mice Neuromuscul Disord 2006 16 518 29 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.06.003 16919954 101. …

Extracellular vesicles in tumor-adipose tissue crosstalk: key drivers and therapeutic targets in cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by unintentional loss of skeletal muscle and body fat. This syndrome is frequently associated with different types of cancer and negatively affects the prognosis and outcome of these patients. It involves a dynamic interplay between tumor cells and adipose tissue, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Tumor cells release EVs containing bioactive molecules such as hormones (adrenomedullin, PTHrP), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), and miRNAs (miR-1304-3p, miR-2

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… This modulation includes myofibrillar protein degradation [ 10 - 14 ] , myoblast apoptosis [ 15 - 17 ] , insulin resistance [ 18 ] , and impaired mitochondrial function in muscle cells [ 19 , 20 ] . As cancer progresses, tumor cells also establish a metabolic engagement with AT [ 21 , 22 ] . … In this lineage, the PRDM16 transcription factor potentiates the AMSC differentiation into brown pre-adipocytes and prevents AMSC differentiation into myoblasts, and further skeletal muscle cells (due to myoD protein and myogenin). …

Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions.

The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of

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… ; < 0.01 ng/mL) [ 178 ]; ↑ pSmad1/5 (L6E9 myoblasts; <1 ng/mL) [ 178 ]; Crosstalk with Akt (early phase of osteoblast differentiation MC3T3-E1; 0.1 ng/mL) [ 179 ]; MAPK: ↑ pERK1/2, ↑pp38, ↑pJNK (MC3T3-E1; 2.5 ng/mL) [ 180 ]; Canonical Wnt: ↑ β-catenin via ALK5, Smad3 receptor and PI3K (hMSC; 1 ng/mL) … The cell treatment by Ad-DLL1 for 36 h also enhances the level of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 induced by BMP-9 conditioned medium in both C3H10T1/2 cells and C2C12 myoblasts. In fact, DLL1 might control BMP-9-induced osteoblastic differentiation through regulation of ALK2 expression [ 317 ]. …

Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: Not just Another Muscle Atrophying Condition.

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) occurs in critically ill patients stemming from the critical illness itself, and results in sustained disability long after the ICU stay. Weakness can be attributed to muscle wasting, impaired contractility, neuropathy, and major pathways associated with muscle protein degradation such as the ubiquitin proteasome system and dysregulated autophagy. Furthermore, it is characterized by the preferential loss of myosin, a distinct feature of the condition. While many risk factors for ICUAW have been identified, effective interventions to offset these ch

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… Treatment of fibroblasts or myoblasts with bezafibrate from patients with deficient mitochondrial respiratory chain activity resulted in a stimulatory effect on respiratory chain complexes at both the mRNA and protein levels [ 135 ]. … For example, transduction of skeletal muscle myoblasts with a Ca 2+ reporter such as GCaMP6 [ 219 , 222 , 224 , 226 ], facilitates real time monitoring of spontaneous or induced (chemical or electrical) Ca 2+ transients [ 219 , 222 , 224 ] to assess alterations in Ca 2+ handling. …

Cancer cachexia--pathophysiology and management.

About half of all cancer patients show a syndrome of cachexia, characterized by anorexia and loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cachexia can have a profound impact on quality of life, symptom burden, and a patient's sense of dignity. It is a very serious complication, as weight loss during cancer treatment is associated with more chemotherapy-related side effects, fewer completed cycles of chemotherapy, and decreased survival rates. Numerous cytokines have been postulated to play a role in the etiology of cancer cachexia. Cytokines can elicit effects that mimic leptin signaling a

Exosomes: A new option for osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles, structures originating from the plasma membrane and ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm in diameter, play an important role in intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These ca

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… apoptosis and ultimately improving osteoporosis. [ 95 ] After co-culture of MSC-EXOs with the osteoblast cell, we found that MSC-EXOs promoted the proliferation of osteoblast and the expression of proteins related to GLUT3 and MAPK signaling pathways in the cells, thereby improving osteoporosis. [ 96 ] Myoblast-derived … Exosomes from C2C12 myoblasts enhance osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts by delivering miR-27a-3p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2018 ; 498 : 32 – 7 . 29476741 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.144 [98] Jiang S Xu L . …

Non-Hematologic Toxicity of Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma: The Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Adverse Effects.

The overall approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has undergone several changes during the past decade. and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) including bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib have considerably improved the outcomes in affected patients. The first-in-class selective PI bortezomib has been initially approved for the refractory forms of the disease but has now become, in combination with other drugs, the backbone of the frontline therapy for newly diagnosed MM patients, as well as in the maintenance therapy and relapsed/refractory setting. Despite being among the most widely

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… These pathological findings were reproduced in an in vitro model, indeed, primary human myoblasts exposed to bortezomib within the dose range found in the plasma of treated patients presented excessive storage of lipid droplets together with structural and functional mitochondrial abnormalities, and … It has been observed that the treatment of C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line with bortezomib at clinically relevant doses led to myogenin down-regulation with the consequent inhibition of myotubes formation and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase [ 158 ]. …

The crosstalk network of non-coding RNAs: Emerging opportunities for the clinical application of osteoporosis.

Current methods for testing bone density lack the capability to detect patients with early bone loss, and existing osteoporosis therapies have limitations in their efficacy and safety. Therefore, the development of more precise and convenient diagnostic technologies and novel treatments is of paramount importance. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interaction networks enable both the detection of early bone loss and targeted therapy for enhanced treatment outcomes. In this review, we highlight the utility of EVs for carrying various ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, and c

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… Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 hsa_circ_0001275 | Human circular RNA 0001275 hsa_circ_0006215 | Human circular RNA 0006215 hsa_circ_0006859 | Human circular RNA 0006859 hsa_circ_0076690 | Human circular RNA 0076690 hsa_circ_0114581 | Human circular RNA 0114581 HSMMs | Human skeletal muscle myoblasts … Chen et al. [ 59 ] treated human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) with the histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) and evaluated its impact on myotube formation and myogenic gene expression. …

Подготовка и характеристика повода для высвобождения PVA: Na-Alg Микросфера, содержащая фамфридин.

ЦЕЛИ: В настоящем исследовании основное внимание уделяется как формулированию микросфер на основе биоизоляции, содержащих фэмфридин, для лечения множественного склероза, так и альтернативе коммерчески доступному продукту (Fampyra 10 мг, Biogen). МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Инкапсулирование фамфридина было достигнуто с использованием поливинил-алкоголиков (PVA) и алгинатов натрия (Na-Alg). Глутаральдегид (ГА) и соляная кислота (ГКИ) использовались в качестве связующих веществ. Проведена оценка полимерного соотношения (PVA: Na-Alg), лекарственного средства: полимерного соотношения (d:p), перекрестного с

T-Type Calcium Channels: A Mixed Blessing.

The role of T-type calcium channels is well established in excitable cells, where they preside over action potential generation, automaticity, and firing. They also contribute to intracellular calcium signaling, cell cycle progression, and cell fate; and, in this sense, they emerge as key regulators also in non-excitable cells. In particular, their expression may be considered a prognostic factor in cancer. Almost all cancer cells express T-type calcium channels to the point that it has been considered a pharmacological target; but, as the drugs used to reduce their expression are not complete

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… T-type Ca 2+ channels are involved in multiple physiological processes, such as neuronal firing, nociception, electrical automaticity, blood vessel constriction and dilation, lymphatic vessel pacemaking and contraction, smooth muscle contraction, myoblasts fusion, neurotransmitter release, fertilization … T-type α1H Ca2+ channels are involved in Ca2+ signaling during terminal differentiation (fusion) of human myoblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2000;97:7627–7632. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.7627. 5. Huguenard J.R. Low-threshold calcium currents in central nervous system neurons. Annu. Rev. …

Drugging the efferocytosis process: concepts and opportunities.

The daily removal of billions of apoptotic cells in the human body via the process of efferocytosis is essential for homeostasis. To allow for this continuous efferocytosis, rapid phenotypic changes occur in the phagocytes enabling them to engulf and digest the apoptotic cargo. In addition, efferocytosis is actively anti-inflammatory and promotes resolution. Owing to its ubiquitous nature and the sheer volume of cell turnover, efferocytosis is a point of vulnerability. Aberrations in efferocytosis are associated with numerous inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cancer and infe

Abstracts of the 3rd International Conference on Cancer Cachexia, September 23–25, 2016 in Washington, DC, USA

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… This suggests that Gli1 and Gli2 may exert their effects on separate cell populations, with Gli1 acting in myoblasts and Gli2 in myotubes. Using siRNAs, we found that Gli1 knockdown significantly increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression when compared to a control siRNA. … Taken together, these data suggest that Gli1 and Gli2 have opposing effects in myogenesis, with Gli1 promoting myoblast/satellite cell proliferation and preventing differentiation, and Gli2 promoting differentiation and expression of MRFs. …

HMGB1: новая биомаркировка и лечебная цель аутоиммунной и аутовоспалительной кожных заболеваний.

Вставка 1 группы высокой подвижности (HMGB1) выражена почти во всех человеческих клетках. Во время активации клеток и клеточной смерти нуклеопротеин HMGB1 может перемещаться в внеклеточное пространство, тем самым посредничая ранним подстрекательским ответом как сигнализация или молекулярный рисунок, связанный с повреждением (DAMP). Внешнеклеточный HMGB1 взаимодействует с иммунными клетками, связываясь с системой распознавания рецепторов Toll-подобных (TLR), включая TLR2 и TLR4, и рецептором для современных продуктов для гликации (RAGE), тем самым содействуя иммунной реакции для защиты хоста от

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… In addition, another study showed that extracellular HMGB1 could improve the differentiation of and attenuate the proliferation of rat myoblasts through its interaction with RAGE ( 77 ). …

Body composition predictors of mortality in patients undergoing surgery for long bone metastases.

Background and objectivesBody composition measurements using computed tomography (CT) may serve as imaging biomarkers of survival in patients with and without cancer. This study assesses whether body composition measurements obtained on abdominal CTs are independently associated with 90-day and 1-year mortality in patients with long-bone metastases undergoing surgery.MethodsThis single institutional retrospective study included 212 patients who had undergone surgery for long-bone metastases and had a CT of the abdomen within 90 days before surgery. Quantification of cross-sectional areas (CSA)

Direct phenotypic conversion of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts triggered by a blockade of the transforming growth factor-β signal.

A procedure to generate functional osteoblasts from human somatic cells may pave the way to a novel and effective transplantation therapy in bone disorders. Here, we report that human fibroblasts were induced to show osteoblast phenotypes by culturing with ALK5 i II, which is a specific inhibitor for activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) (tumor growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGF-β R1)). Cells cultured with ALK5 i II expressed osteoblast-specific genes and massively produced calcified bone matrix, similar to the osteoblasts induced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-OBs). Treatment with vitamin D3 in additio

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… Small molecule inhibitors promote efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human skeletal myoblasts. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22:114–123. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0157. 15. Yu J, et al. Efficient feeder-free episomal reprogramming with small molecules. …

Towards Drug Repurposing in Cancer Cachexia: Potential Targets and Candidates.

As a multifactorial and multiorgan syndrome, cancer cachexia is associated with decreased tolerance to antitumor treatments and increased morbidity and mortality rates. The current approaches for the treatment of this syndrome are not always effective and well established. Drug repurposing or repositioning consists of the investigation of pharmacological components that are already available or in clinical trials for certain diseases and explores if they can be used for new indications. Its advantages comparing to de novo drugs development are the reduced amount of time spent and costs. In thi

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… The impaired protein synthesis and increased proteolysis that are observed in skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes occurs via common pathways, such as autophagy, IGF-1 pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and up-regulation of UPS [ 1 , 35 ]. … The calpain–calpastatin system and protein degradation in fusing myoblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg. 1998;1402:52–60. doi: 10.1016/S0167-4889(97)00144-4. 57. Petersen M., Shulman G. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol. …

Skeletal organoids.

The skeletal system, composed of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons, serves as the foundation for maintaining human posture, mobility, and overall biomechanical functionality. However, with ageing, chronic overuse, and acute injuries, conditions such as osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, muscle atrophy, and ligament or tendon tears have become increasingly prevalent and pose serious clinical challenges. These disorders not only result in pain, functional loss, and a marked reduction in patients' quality of life but also impose substantial social and economic burdens.

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… Application | Reference hiPSCs | Matrigel | HGF | Model for studying muscle development and related diseases | 62 | Matrigel with fibrin | Tamoxifen | Study of muscle pathology, test of gene and cell therapy approaches | 63 Primary muscle cells | Matrigel with fibrin | – | Building disease model | 64 Myoblasts … | Fibrin hydrogels | CDFDA, NanoLuc | Model for simulating drug metabolism | 65 Mouse myoblasts | Matrigel with collagen | IGF-1 | Evaluation of drug effects on muscle disorders | 66 Functional characterisation of muscle organoids Functional characterisation of muscle organoids is crucial for evaluating …

XTP8 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression by Activating AKT/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Regulate EMT.

Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The main contributors to the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer are the high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Studies have indicated a crucial role for hepatitis B virus X Ag-Transactivated Protein 8 (XTP8), a protein containing the DEP domain, in various cellular processes, including cell growth, movement, and differentiation, across several types of cancers. However, the role of XTP8 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. We observed elevated expression of XTP8 in ovarian cancer. Silencing XTP8 inhibited cell

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of cellular mechanobiology.

Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of biology, physics, and engineering that reveals how mechanical forces shape cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and disease progression. By elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical cues, mechanobiology has fundamentally advanced our understanding of processes ranging from migration and differentiation to immune responses and tissue remodeling. These advances have driven the development of innovative biophysical tools and engineered biomaterials that enable precise modulation of the cellular microenvironment. Tran

Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis.

The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions

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… For example, TPC2 mRNA expression was highest in the first 3 days of differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells but was reduced thereafter, and TPC2 knockdown inhibited differentiation of these myoblasts [ 48 ]. …