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Evaluating Multiple Input Strategies of Large Language Models for Gallbladder Polyps on Ultrasound: Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder polyps have a high prevalence and are predominantly benign lesions, often detected via ultrasound. They impose diagn … lleviate radiologists' workload, provide patient-accessible consultation platforms, and even reduce overtreatment. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the feasibility and conduct an early-stage evaluation of using LLMs for differentiating between adenomatous and nonneoplastic gallbladder polyps (≥1.0 cm) based on ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, compared to assess …

Измеряемое остаточное заболевание гематологовых магнатов: биомаркер в поисках стандарта.

За последнее десятилетие измеримые остаточные заболевания (МРД) стали важнейшим инструментом обнаружения и мониторинга различных раковых заболеваний, но особенно гематологовых заболеваний. Быстрая адаптация этого новаторского подхода к мониторингу состояния заболеваний является интуитивно привлекательной: он обеспечивает значительно большую чувствительность по сравнению с традиционными методами обнаружения небольшого числа злокачественных клеток, которые сохраняются после лечения и которые не поддаются обнаружению с помощью таких стандартных подходов, как мониторинг аномалий на рентгенографиче

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Over the past decade, measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a critical tool for detecting and monitoring a variety of cancers, bu … critically, will reacting to an MRD positive state in some diseases lead to intensified therapy and overtreatment despite a low risk of progression?

Impact of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) on progression free survival (PFS) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) with high risk cytogenetic abnormalities.

OBJECTIVES: ASCT has been considered the standard of care for younger patients with NDMM, however, not all the studies published so far have … ative rates, it is important to continue discussing and further personalizing upfront ASCT to avoid overtreatment and possible toxicities especially in the non-high-risk patient population (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 9).

Hemicolectomy versus appendectomy for patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours 1-2 cm in size: a retrospective, Europe-wide, pooled cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Awareness of the potential global overtreatment of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of 1-2 cm in size by performing oncological resections is increasing, but the rarity of this tumour has impeded clear recommendations to date. We aimed to assess the malignant potential of appendiceal NETs of 1-2 cm in size in patients with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we pooled data from 40 hospitals in 15 European countries for patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with a histopath…

Diagnosis of Mild-to-moderate Idiopathic Median Neuropathy at the Carpal Tunnel Based on Signs and Symptoms is Discordant From Diagnosis Based on Electrodiagnostic Studies and Ultrasound.

BACKGROUND: Although idiopathic median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel (IMNCT) is objective and verifiable, distinction of normal and abnormal nerves is imprecise and probabilistic. The associated symptoms and signs (carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]) vary, particularly for nonsevere (mild and moderate) median neuropathy. Discordance between diagnosis of mild or moderate median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel using symptoms and signs and diagnosis based on objective tests is a measure of the potential for overdiagnosis and overtreatment. QUESTION/PURPOSE: What is the difference in the estimated pr…

Interventions for the treatment of Paget's disease of the vulva.

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in Issue 10, 2013.Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare form of superficial skin cancer. The most common site of involvement is the vulva. It is seen mainly in postmenopausal white women. Paget's disease of the vulva often spreads in an occult fashion, with margins extending beyond the apparent edges of the lesion. There is a range of interventions from surgical to non-invasive techniques or treatments. The challenges of interventions are to remove or treat disease that may not be visible, without overtreatment a…

Comparison of a commercial interferon-gamma release assay and tuberculin skin test for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection in Hong Kong arthritis patients who are candidates for biologic agents.

INTRODUCTION: It is universally agreed that screening for latent tuberculosis infection prior to biologic therapy is necessary, especially i … ued especially in patients who are on systemic steroid therapy. Nonetheless, the issue of potential overtreatment is yet to be evaluated.

Influence of mineral and vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcome.

The literature was searched for publications on minerals and vitamins during pregnancy and the possible influence of supplements on pregnancy outcome. Maternal iron (Fe) deficiency has a direct impact on neonatal Fe stores and birth weight, and may cause cognitive and behavioural problems in childhood. Fe supplementation is recommended to low-income pregnant women, to pregnant women in developing countries, and in documented deficiency, but overtreatment should be avoided. Calcium (Ca) deficiency is associated with pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction. Supplementation may reduce …

Long-term regional control after radiation therapy and neck dissection for base of tongue carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Minimal literature exists with 10-year data on neck control in advanced head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine long-term regional control for base of tongue carcinoma patients treated with primary radiation therapy plus neck dissection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1981-1996, primary radiation therapy was used to treat 68 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue. Neck dissection was added for those who presented with palpable lymph node metastases. The T-stage distribution was T1, 17; T2, 32; T3, 17; and T4, 2. The N-stage distribution wa

[Development in the National Hospice Care Service in Korea].

The urgent needs to establish hospice care systems in Korea arise from the following reasons: (1) a drastic increase in chronically ill pati … f AIDS patient in terminal stage: (7) and the problem associated with inhumane medical care system, overtreatment, and groundless fears against narcotics. Terminally ill patients were used to be treated in the hospital in the past. In these days, however, they are forced to have home cares with little assistance from the qualified medical personnel because of i …

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens in Culture-Proven Sepsis and Outcomes Associated With Inadequate and Broad-Spectrum Empiric Antibiotic Use.

IMPORTANCE: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for all patients with suspected sepsis to minimize the risk of undertreatment. However, little is known regarding the net prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens across all patients with community-onset sepsis or the outcomes associated with unnecessarily broad empiric treatment. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the outcomes associated with both undertreatment and overtreatment in patients with culture-positive community-onset sepsis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study …

Case Report: Coexistence of a giant borderline phyllodes tumor of the breast and a contralateral fibroadenoma: a challenging case with clinical manifestations and PET-CT imaging mimicking advanced cancer.

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes Tumor (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial tumor, which is classified into three categories: benign, borderline, and maligna … er than specifically indicating highly invasive cancer or metastasis, thus avoiding overstaging and overtreatment before surgery. The core of treatment is wide surgical resection with negative margins, and a prudent approach should be taken towards axillary management, with routine axillary dissection not recommended. The multidisciplinary collaborative model i …

Three-dimensional volume rendering ultrasound for assessing placenta accreta spectrum severity and discriminating it from simple scar dehiscence.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal ultrasound discrimination between placenta accreta spectrum and scar dehiscence with underlying nonadherent placenta is challenging both prenatally and intraoperatively, which often leads to overtreatment. In addition, accurate prenatal prediction of surgical difficulty and morbidity in placenta accreta spectrum is difficult, which precludes appropriate multidisciplinary planning. The advent of advanced 3-dimensional volume rendering and contrast enhancement techniques in modern ultrasound systems provides a comprehensive prenatal assessment, revealing details that are not…

Context-independent identification of myocardial ischemia in the prehospital ECG of chest pain patients.

Non-traumatic chest pain is a frequent reason for an urgent ambulance visit of a patient by the emergency medical services (EMS). Chest pain … patient mix, the specificity of the diagnostic ECG algorithms should be relatively high to prevent overtreatment and overflow of intervention facilities. On the other hand, only a sufficiently high sensitivity warrants adequate therapy when needed. Here, we review how the prehospital ECG can contribute to identifying the presence of myocardial ischemia in ches …

Outperformance of interleukin-6 over placental alpha microglobulin-1 in predicting preterm delivery in symptomatic women.

BACKGROUND: Threatened preterm labor is the major cause of hospital admission during the second half of pregnancy. An early diagnosis is crucial for adopting pharmacologic measures to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity. Current diagnostic criteria are based on symptoms and short cervical length. However, there is a high false-positive rate when using these criteria, which implies overtreatment, causing unnecessary side effects and an avoidable economic burden. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the use of placental alpha microglobulin-1 and interleukin-6 as vaginal biomarkers combin…

Predicting the need for a replan in oropharyngeal cancer: A radiomic, clinical, and dosimetric model.

BACKGROUND: Patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) treated with chemoradiation can experience weight loss and tumor shrinkage, altering the prescribed treatment. Treatment replanning ensures patients do not receive excessive doses to normal tissue. However, it is a time- and resource-intensive process, as it takes 1 to 2 weeks to acquire a new treatment plan, and during this time, overtreatment of normal tissues could lead to increased toxicities. Currently, there are limited prognostic factors to determine which patients will require a replan. There remains an unmet need for predictive mode…

Postoperative venous thromboembolism risk stratification in patients with uterine cancer.

BACKGROUND: Uterine cancers are associated with a high risk for venous thromboembolisms. The American Society of Clinical Oncology practice … uce the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolisms, and could minimize the cost and harm of overtreatment. These findings need to be validated in a prospective manner, and further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of therapy.

Evaluation of Quality of Life After Nonoperative or Operative Management of Proximal Femoral Fractures in Frail Institutionalized Patients: The FRAIL-HIP Study.

IMPORTANCE: Decision-making on management of proximal femoral fractures in frail patients with limited life expectancy is challenging, but surgical overtreatment needs to be prevented. Current literature provides limited insight into the true outcomes of nonoperative management and operative management in this patient population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcomes of nonoperative management vs operative management of proximal femoral fractures in institutionalized frail older patients with limited life expectancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter cohort study was condu…

Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Decisions in a Population-Based Sample of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

IMPORTANCE: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) use is increasing among women with unilateral breast cancer, but little is known abo … against it. More effective physician-patient communication about CPM is needed to reduce potential overtreatment.

EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent.

OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncol … overdetection of insignificant PCa. Breaking the link between diagnosis and treatment may lower the overtreatment risk. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using standardised reporting cannot replace systematic biopsy, but robustly nested within the diagnostic work-up, it has a key role in local staging. Active surveillance always needs to be discussed w …