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CoREST in pieces: Dismantling the CoREST complex for cancer therapy and beyond.

Several landmark studies over the past decade have uncovered a critical role of the CRL3KBTBD4 ubiquitin ligase complex in regulating stability of corepressor of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex proteins and normal hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. There is now mounting evidence that the CoREST complex plays oncogenic roles, although the contributions of its catalytic versus noncatalytic functions remain unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss mechanisms whereby the CoREST complex coopts tissue-specific transcription factors to elicit pathogenic activity

Pericardial effusion secondary to epicardial undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in a young cat.

CASE SUMMARY: A 6.4 kg 3-year-old male neutered indoor-outdoor domestic shorthair cat was referred for further evaluation of non-resolving lethargy and hyporexia of 4 days' duration. Physical examination identified tachypnea with mild respiratory effort and muffled lung sounds bilaterally. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed a large volume of pleural and pericardial effusion (PCE), which was confirmed by thoracic radiography. Echocardiogram indicated normal cardiac function but revealed a mass-like structure along the left epicardium within the pericardial space. After 72 hours in hospital, re-e

The Role of 3D-Printed Custom-Made Vertebral Body Implants in the Treatment of Spinal Tumors: A Systematic Review.

In spinal surgery, 3D prothesis represents a useful instrument for spinal reconstruction after the removal of spinal tumors that require an "en bloc" resection. This represents a complex and demanding procedure, aiming to restore spinal length, alignment and weight-bearing capacity and to provide immediate stability. Thus, in this systematic review the authors searched the literature to investigate and discuss the advantages and limitations of using 3D-printed custom-made vertebral bodies in the treatment of spinal tumors. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA (Pref

Cancer in public figures, 2010-2020.

BackgroundThe public perception of cancer is often influenced through news stories on public figures diagnosed with cancer. However, most stories lack granular details on cancer type, treatment, and prognosis, which may create more doubt rather than clarity for readers. We sought to understand how news stories portray cancer in public figures.Materials and methodsNews stories with a cancer headline that were published between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2020 were identified using Google News.ResultsWe identified 4135 news articles with a cancer headline published between 2010 and 2020, of whi

Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine-Proposal for Treatment Based on a Single Centre Experience.

This study reports a large single-center series of primary bone tumors of the spine (PBTs). We aimed to review the concepts for management, as this kind of tumor represents a very rare entity, and also propose a new treatment algorithm. Retrospective analysis revealed 92 patients receiving surgery for PBTs from 2007 to 2019 at our center. They were analyzed based on surgical management and the course of the disease. A total of 145 surgical procedures were performed (50 cervical, 46 thoracic, 28 lumbar, and 21 sacral). Complete tumor resection was achieved in 65%, of which 22% showed tumor recu

Proximal femur replacement in oncologic lesion: hemiarthroplasty vs total hip arthroplasty-a multicentric retrospective study.

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and complications associated with proximal femur replacement (PFR) in patients undergoing treatment for primary bone tumors or metastatic lesions. This research specifically compared modular hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) to ascertain the optimal approach regarding functionality and postoperative complications.Materials and methodsA retrospective multicenter review was conducted involving 85 patients who underwent prosthetic femoral reconstruction (PFR) between the years 2015 and 2022 at two specialized medical cente

Orthopaedic Oncology in Contemporary Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Primary Bone Tumours, Metastatic Pathways, and Evolving Surgical Techniques.

Orthopaedic oncology encompasses the diagnosis and management of primary bone sarcomas and metastatic skeletal disease, requiring integration of oncologic principles with complex musculoskeletal reconstruction. Advances in molecular classification, cross-sectional imaging, systemic therapy, and surgical technology have substantially transformed contemporary clinical practice. This comprehensive review synthesises current evidence across epidemiology, tumour biology, diagnostic strategies, staging systems, multidisciplinary management, reconstructive techniques, complication profiles, and survi

Bisphosphonate conjugation for bone specific drug targeting.

Bones provide essential functions and are sites of unique biochemistry and specialized cells, but can also be sites of disease. The treatment of bone disorders and neoplasia has presented difficulties in the past, and improved delivery of drugs to bone remains an important goal for achieving effective treatments. Drug targeting strategies have improved drug localization to bone by taking advantage of the high mineral concentration unique to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, as well as tissue-specific cell types. The bisphosphonate molecule class binds specifically to hydroxyapatite and inhibits

Recent topics in diagnosis and treatment of malignant spinal tumors.

The diagnosis and treatment of malignant spinal tumors are complex and require an integrated approach known as Jaffe's triangle. This review discusses recent topics in the diagnosis and treatment of primary and metastatic malignant spinal tumors. Integrated diagnostic methods, including the development of a dumbbell scoring system for benign-malignant differentiation and the use of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI), have improved diagnostic accuracy. Curative resection techniques such as vertebrectomy, sagittal resection, and posterior resection are crucial

Keyword Index for Volume 88

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A review on gold nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic cue in bone tissue engineering: Prospects and future clinical applications.

Bone damage is a complex orthopedic problem primarily caused by trauma, cancer, or bacterial infection of bone tissue. Clinical care management for bone damage remains a significant clinical challenge and there is a growing need for more advanced bone therapy options. Nanotechnology has been widely explored in the field of orthopedic therapy for the treatment of a severe bone disease. Among nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) along with other biomaterials are emerging as a new paradigm for treatment with excellent potential for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application

COVID-19 and Palliative Care Services: Comparative Patterns of Inpatient, Outpatient, and Consultation Services in a Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh.

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the 21st century. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Lockdowns were imposed in multiple countries affecting patient flow in hospitals. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which examined th

Spinal Cord Compression as a Consequence of Spinal Plasmacytoma in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy resulting in osteolytic lesions. Pathological fracture of the vertebral body resulting in spinal cord compression is a common complication and accounts for approximately 5% of patients with MM. To date, there are no definitive guidelines for the treatment of spinal cord compression as a consequence of MM. Radiotherapy has frequently been the preferred form of treatment. Some surgeons, however, feel that spinal lesions in multiple myeloma should be treated in the same manner as spinal metastases from solid organs. I report the management of a 46-year

Immune system and bone microenvironment: rationale for targeted cancer therapies.

Osteoimmunology was coined about twenty years ago to identify a strict cross talk between bone niche and immune system both in physiological and pathological activities, including cancer. Several molecules are involved in the complex interaction between bone niche, immune and cancer cells. The Receptor Activator of NF-kB (RANK)/RANK Ligand (RANKL/Osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway plays a crucial role in bone cells/cancer interactions with subsequently immune system control failure, bone destruction, inhibition of effect and metastasis outcome. The bidirectional cross talk between bone and immune s

Rhabdomyosarcoma: Current Therapy, Challenges, and Future Approaches to Treatment Strategies.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare cancer arising in skeletal muscle that typically impacts children and young adults. It is a worldwide challenge in child health as treatment outcomes for metastatic and recurrent disease still pose a major concern for both basic and clinical scientists. The treatment strategies for rhabdomyosarcoma include multi-agent chemotherapies after surgical resection with or without ionization radiotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we first provide a detailed clinical understanding of rhabdomyosarcoma including its classification and subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment str

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… It is also used in several other carcinomas, such as Kaposi sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic tumors, and testicular cancer [ 93 ]. 5.5. … Some of the common cell-line-derived mouse models used for the CDX studies are Rh30 (alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma—ARMS), A204 (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma—ERMS), HS-SY-II (SySa), TC71 (Ewing sarcoma—EwS), and KHOS (osteosarcoma—OS) [ 388 ]. …

The Role of Response-Shift in Studies Assessing Quality of Life Outcomes Among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Response-shift has been cited as an important measurement consideration when assessing patient reported quality of life (QoL) outcomes over time among patients with severe chronic conditions. Here we report the results of a systematic review of response shift in studies assessing QoL among cancer patients. Methods: A systematic review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO along with a manual search of the cited references of the articles selected, was conducted. A quality review was performed using STROBE criteria and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: A systematic rev

Genome Editing Approaches with CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Treatment: Critical Appraisal of Preclinical and Clinical Utility, Challenges, and Future Research.

The increasing burden on human malignant diseases became a major concern for healthcare practitioners, that must deal with tumor relapse and the inability to efficiently treat metastasis, in addition to side effects. Throughout the decades, many therapeutic strategies have been employed to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients and great efforts have been made to develop more efficient and targeted medicines. The malignant cell is characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications, therefore targeting those specific drivers of carcinogenesis is highly desirable. Among the genome e

The challenge of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment: assessing and managing cognitive decline after cancer treatment.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) refers to a decline in cognitive function in patients during and after cancer treatment and is mainly associated with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). As CT is still an essential component in the treatment of many cancers and taking into account the fact that cancer survival rates are increasing, CRCI may negatively impact the quality of life and working capacity of a growing number of individuals, especially those treated with curative intent in conditions such as breast cancer. There is still a need to address several issues related to

Cancer in the Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA) and Children: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Epidemiology and Psychosocial Morbidity in the Indian Population.

Bhupesh GuleriaAims Adolescent and young adults (AYAs), children with cancer, and their guardians have unique psychosocial morbidities adversely effecting quality of life (QOL). This is measurable using patented tools. We analyzed epidemiological and clinicopathological patterns of solid organ cancers in this subgroup. We also assessed psychosocial morbidity and changes in QOL faced by them. Methods All patients aged 2 to 39 years, newly diagnosed with cancer from April 2017 to March 2019 were included. Clinical history, diagnosis, staging, treatment, outcomes, and follow-up were recorded. The

Chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells for cancer treatment.

T cells engineered with the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are rapidly emerging as an important immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. The anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)19 CAR-T cell therapy has been remarkably successful against refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and a complete remission rate as high as 90% was observed, in both children and adults. Although the achievement of clinical efficacy using CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors has encountered several obstacles that were associated with the multiple mechanisms contributing to an immunosuppressive micro