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Distinguishing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From Typhus Using Artificial Intelligence: MIS-C Versus Endemic Typhus (AI-MET).

BACKGROUND: The pandemic emergent disease multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease-19 infection can mimic endemic typhus. We aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a clinical decision support system that accurately distinguishes MIS-C versus endemic typhus (MET). METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features rapidly available following presentation were extracted for 133 patients with MIS-C and 87 patients hospitalized due to typhus. An attention module assigned importance to inputs used to create the 2-phase AI-MET. Phase 1 u

Central nervous system infections in the tropics.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The re … gly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. SUMMARY: A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential …

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis with rash and rhabdomyolysis: A case report.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne infection caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Only seven cases of HGA have been repor … se chain reaction (PCR) and antibody tests for R. japonica and Orientia tsutsugamushi, which causes scrub typhus, were both negative. The PCR test for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was also negative. Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum-related proteins were detected by western blotting, indicating seroconversion of IgG with paired serum s …

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Current Updates in the Asian Context.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a life-threatening cause of stroke in Asian countries. South Asia, comprising of India … l period, and dehydration appear to be the critical risk factors. Tropical infections like malaria, scrub typhus, and flaviviral encephalitis predispose to CVT. There is a higher prevalence of inherited thrombophilia in the Asian cohorts, contributing to prothrombotic states. Anticoagulation and supportive management offer excellent outcomes. Newer anticoagula …

Habitat Type-Based Assemblage and Distribution Prediction of Small Mammals and Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) in Chuncheon City, Republic of Korea.

While urbanization leads to habitat loss for medium and large mammals, small mammals can survive in fragmented habitats. As they are known to be the primary hosts of chigger mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) that transmit scrub typhus, their habitat can be considered the primary distribution area for chigger mites. This study aims to examine the distribution of small mammals and chigger mites in four habitat types and analyzed species richness, mean intensity (MI), dominance, and infestation rate (IR). A total of six small mammal species were captured, 76.8% of which were identified as Apodemus agr…

Текущие задачи в области разработки вакцин и лекарственных средств для борьбы с новыми заболеваниями, передаваемыми переносчиками.

Векторы - это живые организмы, которые передают инфекционные заболевания от инфицированного животного к людям или другим животным. Такие биологические векторы, как комары, клещи и песчаные мухи, несут патогены, которые умножаются в их организме до доставки к новому носителю. Рост заболеваемости векторно-борнскими заболеваниями (ВБД), такими, как денге, передаваемые через Эдес, Чикунгунья (ЧИКВ), Зика (ЗИКВ), малярия, болезнь Тика-Борна (ТБД) и скруб тифа, оказывает огромное воздействие на здоровье людей и скота во всем мире. В частности, зоонотические заболевания, передаваемые комарами и клеща

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such … uch as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been develope …

Comparative Study of Two Droplet-Based Dissolving Microneedle Fabrication Methods for Skin Vaccination.

Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) have been widely studied in medical applications due to their pain-free administration, superior efficiency, … MN fabrication methods; droplet-born air blowing (DAB) and centrifugal lithography (CL) for a model scrub typhus vaccine antigen, ScaA. Although the in vitro analysis of ScaA-loaded DMNs (ScaA-DMNs) does not show any differences in physical properties depending on the fabrication methods, the immunogenicity of the CL-produced ScaA-DMN is significantly higher b …

Outbreak of Human Brucellosis from Consumption of Raw Goats' Milk in Penang, Malaysia.

We report the largest outbreak of brucellosis in Penang, Malaysia. Brucellosis is not endemic in this region. The index case was a 45-year-old goat farm owner presented with 3 weeks of fever, headache, severe lethargy, poor appetite, and excessive sweating. He claimed to have consumed unpasteurized goat's milk that he had also sold to the public. Tests were negative for tropical diseases (i.e., dengue fever, malaria, leptospirosis and scrub typhus) and blood culture showed no growth. Based on epidemiological clues, Brucella serology was ordered and returned positive. Over a period of 1 year, 7…

Insect repellents and associated personal protection for a reduction in human disease.

Personal protection measures against biting arthropods include topical insect repellents, area repellents, insecticide-treated bednets and treated clothing. The literature on the effectiveness of personal protection products against arthropods is mainly limited to studies of prevention of bites, rather than prevention of disease. Tungiasis was successfully controlled by application of topical repellents and scrub typhus was reduced through the use of treated clothing. Successful reduction of leishmaniasis was achieved through the use of topical repellents, treated bednets and treated clothing …

Recombinant Dabie bandavirus as a bivalent vaccine platform inducing protective immunity against intracellular pathogens and cancer.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen endemic to East Asia, associated with high mort … trong antigen-specific T cell responses and conferred protection against OVA-expressing melanoma or scrub typhus, respectively. Mechanistically, ΔNSs viruses enhanced APC activation, improved antigen presentation, and reduced apoptosis in infected cells, supporting effective T cell priming. These findings establish SFTSV ΔNSs as an immunogenic and broadly prot …

The burden, risk factors and unique etiologies of stroke in South-East Asia Region (SEAR).

The World Health Organization (WHO) South East Asia Region (SEAR) comprises 11 countries, which are one of the most culturally, topographica … any unique and uncommon stroke etiologies include cerebral venous thrombosis, tuberculosis, dengue, scrub typhus, falciparum malaria, snake bite, scorpion sting, etc. Current data on stroke burden and risk factors is lacking, compelling an urgent need for high-quality hospital-level and population-level data in all SEAR countries. Strategies towards a consolid …

Thromboelastograph:A prognostic marker in sepsis with organ dysfunction without overt bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Coagulation abnormalities are not infrequent in sepsis. It is unclear if abnormalities in thromboelastogram (TEG) are associated … (n = 87; 49 male) with median (IQR) age 51 (42-60) years and admission SOFA score 8 (6-11) included scrub typhus (24.1%), pneumonia (22.6%) and urosepsis (10.3%). Non-invasive and invasive ventilation and vasopressors were required in 28.1%, 68.9% and 74%, respectively. Mortality was 24.1%. Based on R time, K time and α angle, 3.5% to 9.3% had a hypercoagulabl …

Detection of Anaplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. from wild-caught rodents and their ectoparasites in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

The objective of this study was to investigate evidence of emerging anaplasmosis and bartonellosis in rodents from endemic areas of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Rodent trapping was undertaken in 13 sub-districts of Muang District. The live-capture traps were set up in three locations of selected scrub typhus patient houses for three consecutive nights. Wild-caught rodent whole blood samples and associated ticks and fleas were collected and tested for Anaplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. In addition, heat maps using GIS software were used to determine the density of infection of positive wild-cau…

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 2016: Clinical and Laboratory Findings.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high fatality have been occurring in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, for several years. We conducted investigations during the 2016 outbreak to identify the etiology. METHODS: We included 407 hospitalized AES patients with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (>5 cells/mm) in our study. These patients were clinically examined; their blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and investigated for scrub typhus (ST), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus and spotted fever group of Rickettsia by serology and/…

Serological Cross-Reactivity among Orientia tsutsugamushi Serotypes but Not with Rickettsia japonica in Japan.

The rickettsial diseases Japanese spotted fever (JSF) and scrub typhus (ST) are caused by Rickettsia japonica and Orientia tsutsugamushi, respectively. The diseases share clinical symptoms, such as fever, rash, and eschar. However, there are no systematical investigations of the serological cross-reactivity between R. japonica and O. tsutsugamushi. Also, the serological cross-reactivity among O. tsutsugamushi serotypes is still unclear. We analyzed 1406 cases tested by indirect immunoperoxidase assay using seven rickettsial antigens-one R. japonica and six O. tsutsugamushi serotypes-between 20…

Orientia tsutsugamushi Ank9 is a multifunctional effector that utilizes a novel GRIP-like Golgi localization domain for Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum trafficking and interacts with host COPB2.

Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, a potentially fatal infection that afflicts 1 million people annually. This obligate intracellular bacterium boasts one of the largest microbial arsenals of ankyrin repeat-containing protein (Ank) effectors, most of which target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by undefined mechanisms. Ank9 is the only one proven to function during infection. Here, we demonstrate that Ank9 bears a motif that mimics the GRIP domain of eukaryotic golgins and is necessary and sufficient for its Golgi localization. Ank9 reaches the ER exclusively by retrograde trafficking …

Clinical deterioration in community acquired infections associated with lymphocyte upsurge in immunocompetent hosts.

Clinical deterioration during the course of community-acquired infections can occur as a result of an exaggerated immune response of the hos … heir clinical deteriorations, and their diagnoses included viral pneumonitis , viral encephalitis , scrub typhus , leptospirosis , brucellosis , and dengue haemorrhagic fever . The clinical manifestations during deterioration ranged from interstitial pneumonitis , airway obstruction , CNS disturbances , and systemic capillary leak syndrome , all of which were …

Diagnostic tests for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other rickettsial diseases.

Rickettsial diseases continue to confound physicians because of their usually sporadic occurrence and nonspecific clinical presentation. In past years, diagnosis was confirmed only during convalescence; however, newer, more widely available methods, such as antigen detection and improved in vitro cultivation, have enabled a diagnosis at a time when therapeutic decisions are made. Molecular nucleic acid-based techniques have also expanded the spectrum of etiologic agents and illnesses caused by rickettsiae.