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Cerebral aneurysmal arteriopathy in childhood AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To identify cerebral aneurysmal arteriopathy in children with longstanding AIDS. BACKGROUND: Five cases are described from the authors' experience, and eight additional cases are reviewed from the literature. Details are presented in regard to the clinical picture as well as brain imaging with cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance angiography in some cases. Autopsy information is available in four cases, including one of the authors' patients. RESULTS: Seven patients acquired HIV infection perinatally, five patients were infected by blood transfusions, and one patient had bo

Detection of JC virus DNA in the peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether JC virus (JCV) DNA is frequently harboured by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in HIV-positive patients, before the onset of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). DESIGN: The polyomavirus JCV induces PML in immunocompromised persons and particularly AIDS patients. Leukocytes may play a central part in the onset of PML, but their precise role in JCV latency and reactivation still remains hypothetical. The controversial presence of JCV DNA in PBL has been, until now, investigated only among small groups of patients. We therefore studied 157 HIV-positiv

Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men. Epidemiology and analysis for cofactors.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance data for both the United States and San Francisco indicate that Kaposi's sarcoma is more common in homosexual and bisexual men with AIDS than in other adults with AIDS, and that the proportion of newly diagnosed AIDS cases presenting with Kaposi's sarcoma has been significantly declining over time. The changing epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma was analyzed in a well-characterized cohort of homosexual and bisexual men; laboratory and interview data from a sample of these men were evaluated for determinants of and cofactors associated with K

Inflammatory Cytokine-Producing Cells and Inflammation Markers in the Synovium of Osteoarthritis Patients Evidenced in Human Herpesvirus 7 Infection.

A direct association between joint inflammation and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) has been proposed, and synovitis is considered a … l cells, especially in the case of infection reactivation, appeared vulnerable. The balance between virus latency and reactivation is a long-term relationship between the host and infectious agent, and the immune system appears to be involved in displaying overreaction when a shift in the established equilibrium develops.

Kemin capsule ameliorates post-infectious cough by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and TRPA1/TRPV1 channels.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Kemin capsule (KMC), as an innovative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown excellent efficacy in treating PIC in China. The post-infectious cough (PIC) is a common condition in pediatrics, and the inflammatory responses to PIC are intricately linked to the immune mechanisms of the host. However, the precise mechanisms involved remain uncertain. AIM OF STUDY: The objective of this research is to investigate the mechanisms by which KMC treats PIC using a combination of UPLC-MS, bioinformatics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. The study's find

Longitudinal clonal dynamics of HIV-1 latent reservoirs measured by combination quadruplex polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.

HIV-1 infection produces a long-lived reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells that represents the major barrier to HIV-1 cure. The reservoir contains both intact and defective proviruses, but only the proviruses that are intact can reinitiate infection upon cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we combine four-color quantitative PCR and next-generation sequencing (Q4PCR) to distinguish intact and defective proviruses and measure reservoir content longitudinally in 12 infected individuals. Q4PCR differs from other PCR-based methods in that the amplified proviruses are sequence ver

Gene editing and elimination of latent herpes simplex virus in vivo.

We evaluate gene editing of HSV in a well-established mouse model, using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered meganucleases, as a potentially curative approach to treat latent HSV infection. Here we show that AAV-delivered meganucleases, but not CRISPR/Cas9, mediate highly efficient gene editing of HSV, eliminating over 90% of latent virus from superior cervical ganglia. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates that both HSV and individual AAV serotypes are non-randomly distributed among neuronal subsets in ganglia, implying that improved delivery to all neuronal subsets may lead to even more

Exploring Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and the Therapeutic Potential of BTK Inhibitors Based on EBV-driven B Cell-microglia Interactions.

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS) remains a major cause of irreversible disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), yet current disease-modifying therapies incompletely address the compartmentalized Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation, sustained microglial activation, chronic demyelination, and axonal degeneration that characterize progression. This topic is timely because the evidence linking Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) to MS susceptibility, the recognition of B cell-myeloid interactions within the CNS, and the clinical development of CNS-penetrant Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (BTKi)

A novel synergistic phycobiliprotein combination against HIV-1 shows potent antiviral activity.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a major global public health challenge due to lifelong persistence, latency, and the emergence of drug resistance. Natural bioactive compounds are increasingly being explored as alternative or adjunct antiviral strategies. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity of a synergistic pharmaceutical composition comprising three phycobiliproteins: C-phycocyanin (C-PC), B-phycoerythrin (B-PE), and allophycocyanin (APC), derived from cyanobacteria and marine algae. Individual and combinatorial effects were assessed against

Neuronal monocarboxylate transporter 2 is downregulated and aggravates seizures in a rat model of infantile epileptic spasms.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy of the developing brain, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) maintains cerebral metabolic homeostasis via energy substrate transport, but its role in IESS epileptogenesis is unknown. We found that MCT2 was predominantly expressed in neurons and downregulated in IESS patient specimens. In contrast, in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) specimens, MCT2 expression showed no statistically significant difference relative to controls. We observed this downregulation

3D-Q-FISH/Telomere/TRF2 Nanotechnology Identifies a Progressively Disturbed Telomere/Shelterin/Lamin AC Complex as the Common Pathogenic, Molecular/Spatial Denominator of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

The bi- or multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cell (RS) is the diagnostic cornerstone of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). cHL is a germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell disease. Hodgkin cells (H) are the mononuclear precursors of RS. An experimental model has to fulfill three conditions to qualify as common pathogenic denominator: (i) to be of GC-derived B-cell origin, (ii) to be EBV-negative to avoid EBV latency III expression and (iii) to support permanent EBV-encoded oncogenic latent membrane protein (LMP1) expression upon induction. These condit

Expanding the Spectrum of EBV-positive Marginal Zone Lymphomas: A Lesion Associated With Diverse Immunodeficiency Settings.

Traditionally low-grade B-cell lymphomas have been excluded from the category of monomorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. However, recent reports identified Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV) extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), almost exclusively seen in the posttransplant setting. Some reported cases responded to reduced immunosuppression, suggesting that they should be considered as a form of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. We identified 10 cases of EBV MZL, 9 in extranodal sites and 1 presenting in lymph node. Two cases arose following solid organ transpl

A clinical, pathological, and genetic characterization of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPD) often regress spontaneously during MTX withdrawal, but the prognostic factors remain unclear. The aim of our study was to clarify the clinical, histological, and genetic factors that predict outcomes in patients with MTX-LPD. METHODS: Patients with MTX-LPD diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed retrospectively regarding their clinical course, site of biopsy, histological typing, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization and immunostaining, and HLA type. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients, including 20 with rheum

Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells expanding in germinal centers of infectious mononucleosis patients do not participate in the germinal center reaction.

To assess the impact of the germinal center (GC) reaction on viral spread in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, we isolated EBV(+) GC B cells from the tonsils of two infectious mononucleosis patients, sequenced their rearranged V genes, and determined expression of the EBV latency genes EBV nuclear antigen 2 and latent membrane protein 1. Most EBV(+) GC B cells belonged to clones of cells harboring somatically mutated V gene rearrangements. Ongoing somatic hypermutation, the hallmark of the GC reaction, was seen only in uninfected GC B cell clones, not in EBV(+) B cell clones. Thus, in infect

BET-Independent Murine Leukemia Virus Integration Is Retargeted In Vivo and Selects Distinct Genomic Elements for Lymphomagenesis.

Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) infects BALB/c mice and induces T-cell lymphoma in mice. Retroviral integration is mediated by the interaction of the MLV integrase (IN) with members of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) protein family (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4). The introduction of the W390A mutation into MLV IN abolishes the BET interaction. Here, we compared the replication of W390A MLV to that of wild-type (WT) MLV in adult BALB/c mice to study the role of BET proteins in replication, integration, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Comparing WT and W390A MLV infections revealed similar v

Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM):Clinical Review of 43 Patients With COVID-19-Associated ATM and 3 Post-Vaccination ATM Serious Adverse Events With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222).

INTRODUCTION: Although acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare neurological condition (1.34-4.6 cases per million/year) COVID-19-associated ATM cases have occurred during the pandemic. CASE-FINDING METHODS: We report a patient from Panama with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by ATM and present a comprehensive clinical review of 43 patients with COVID-19-associated ATM from 21 countries published from March 2020 to January 2021. In addition, 3 cases of ATM were reported as serious adverse events during the clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). RESULTS: All pati

Cancer chemopreventive effect of phenothiazines and related tri-heterocyclic analogues in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promoted Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis models.

In continuation of our search for novel agents, we have investigated 29 phenothiazines and related tri-heterocyclic compounds as potential cancer chemopreventive agents in a short-term in vitro assay of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Among the evaluated compounds, chlorpromazine, phenoxazine, ethylpropazine, 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthene-3-carbonitrile-10,10-dioxide, thiothixene and phenothiazine showed profound inhibition of EBV-EA in the in vitro assay. This activity was influenced by a modification of th

The Causal Relationship between Antibody Immune Response and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Recognizing the risk factors associated with Ischemic Stroke (IS) is essential for its prevention. Currently, there are no studies exploring the causal link between antibodymediated immune responses and IS. This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study further examines whether a causal relationship exists between antibody-mediated immune responses and IS, and offers evidence supporting causality. METHODS: Data on antibody-mediated immune responses came from 9,724 subjects (European ethnicity) as the research participants and who collected their serum samples for microbiological serolo

PBMC-Humanized Mouse Model for Multical Sclerosis: Изучение неуменные изменения и участие CNS.

Гуманизированная иммунная система (HIS) мыши являются мощными инструментами для изучения функций и дисфункций иммунной системы человека и разработки иммунотерапевтической системы человека. Наличие изощренных штаммов супериммунодефицитной мыши позволило гуманизировать иммунную систему, используя трансплантацию человеческих периферийных моноядерных клеток крови (PBMC) или гематополиетических стволовых клеток. Его мыши широко используются в иммунной онкологии, в то время как проводится меньше исследований в области автономного иммунитета, особенно в области множественного склероза (MS). Используя

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Humanized immune system (HIS) mice are powerful tools for studying human immune system function and dysfunction and developing human-specifi … e using multicolor flow cytometry. • Animal familiarization and handling techniques. • Epstein-Barr virus latency evaluation in human plasma. • Ex vivo characterization of engrafted T-cell cytokine responses.

Enhanced Potency and Persistence of Immunity to Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E in Mice by Addition of a Novel BC02 Compound Adjuvant.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is one of two distinct syndromes caused by Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). A primary infection with VZV causes varicella in susceptible young children. After resolution of the primary infection, VZV establishes a lifelong latency within the cranial or dorsal root ganglia. With increasing age, family history of shingles, immunosuppression or other risk factors, there is a decline in the virus-specific T-cell-mediated immune (CMI) response which allows reactivation of latent VZV in the root ganglia resulting in HZ. There are currently two vaccines that have been approved to prev