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Microbial diversity, ecological networks and functional traits associated to materials used in drinking water distribution systems.

Drinking water distribution systems host complex microbial communities as biofilms that interact continuously with delivered water. Understanding the diversity, behavioural and functional characteristics will be a requisite for developing future monitoring strategies and protection against water-borne health risks. To improve understanding, this study investigates mobilisation and accumulation behaviour, microbial community structure and functional variations of biofilms developing on different pipe materials from within an operational network. Samples were collected from four pipes during a r…

Social support modifies the association between hazardous drinking and depression symptoms among ART clients in Vietnam.

INTRODUCTION: Hazardous drinking is widespread among people with HIV (PWH). PWH are also vulnerable to depression due to HIV-related social stigma, and social support can play an important role in improving mental health for this population. No studies have explored whether social support modifies the association of hazardous drinking and depressive symptoms among PWH. METHODS: We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of two evidence-based alcohol reduction interventions among antiretroviral therapy clients in Vietnam. Hazardous alcohol use was defined as having a score ≥8 for…

Chewing and Drinking Activity during Transition Period and Lactation in Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Rations.

Dairy cows need sufficient physically effective fibre (peNDF) in their diet to induce chewing with the latter stimulating salivation and mai … were fed partial mixed rations supplemented with different amounts of concentrates. The chewing and drinking activity were recorded using rumination-halters (RumiWatch System, Itin+Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland). Feed data analysis showed that the peNDF content of the partial mixed ration (PMR) was highest during dry period, decreased around parturition, …

Effect of drinking earthen pot water on physiological response and behavior of sheep under heat stress.

Heat stress is a major limiting factor for animal welfare and sheep production. Traditionally in India, the villagers used to keep their drinking water in the earthen pot to make it cold during summer. The cold drinking water (24-28 °C) during summer gives a feeling of relief from the heat. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of drinking earthen pot water on physiological response and behavior of sheep under heat stress for one month. For this purpose, eighteen Avishaan rams were selected from the experimental animal flock and they were equally divided into three …

Additive influences of acute early life stress and sex on vulnerability for aversion-resistant alcohol drinking.

Acute early life stress (ELS) alters stress system functioning in adulthood and increases susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The current study assessed the effects of acute, infant ELS on alcohol drinking, including aversion-resistant drinking, in male and female Long Evans rats. Acute ELS was induced using a stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) protocol that consisted of 15 footshocks delivered on postnatal day (PND) 17. Alcohol drinking during adolescence and adulthood was measured with a two-bottle choice intermittent alcohol access paradi…

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Pathotypes of Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water Sources in Jordan.

The study investigated the prevalence of potentially pathogenic and drug resistant Escherichia coli among drinking water sources in Jordan. A total of 109 confirmed E. coli isolates were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic identification of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production was done using the double disk synergy test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. Isolates' plasmid profiles were determined by gel electrophoresis. PCR was used for detection of virulence and resistance genes…

The combination of swimming and curcumin consumption may improve spatial memory recovery after binge ethanol drinking.

Helping the return of people with social disorders, including ethanol consumption, are important research topics in the field of biological … F were measured in hippocampal tissue by doing real time PCR. The results showed that binge ethanol drinking had no significant effect on the traveled distance [F(1,14) = 0.024; P > .05] and escape latency [F(1,14) = 0.648; P > .05] of reaching the platform. In the probe test, both the percentage of swimming time [t(14) = -4.621; P < .001] and distance [t( …

Innate and Acquired Quinine-Resistant Alcohol, but not Saccharin, Drinking in Crossed High-Alcohol-Preferring Mice.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption despite aversive consequences is often a key component of an alcoholism diagnosis. Free-choice alcohol consumption despite bitter quinine adulteration in rodents has been seen following several months of free-choice drinking, but there has been little study of whether prolonged access to other palatable substances such as saccharin yields quinine resistance. Selectively bred crossed high-alcohol-preferring (cHAP) mice average blood alcohol levels of over 250 mg/dl during free-choice access, considerably higher than other models. We hypothesized that higher intak…

Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol-induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short-term memories into long-term ones, are among the most severe alcohol-related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol-induced blackouts. METHODS: Four interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i

Are Drinking Motives Universal? Characteristics of Motive Types in Alcohol-Dependent Men from Two Diverse Populations.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Since alcohol use disorders are among the most prevalent and destructive mental disorders, it is critical to address factors contributing to their development and maintenance. Drinking motives are relevant driving factors for consumption. Identifying groups of drinkers with similar motivations may help to specialize intervention components and make treatment more effective and efficient. We aimed to identify and describe distinct motive types of drinkers in dependent males from two diverse cultures (Uganda and Germany) and to explore potential differences and similarities …

Co-Administration of Low-Dose Naltrexone and Bupropion Reduces Alcohol Drinking in Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats.

BACKGROUND: This study examined whether combining naltrexone (NTX) with bupropion (BUP) is more effective in reducing alcohol drinking in alcohol-preferring (P) rats with a genetic predisposition toward high voluntary alcohol intake than either drug alone. METHODS: Alcohol-experienced, adult, male, P rats were fed NTX alone in a dose of 10.0 mg/kg BW, BUP alone in a dose of 10.0 mg/kg BW, BUP alone in a dose of 20.0 mg/kg BW, NTX (10.0 mg/kg BW) + BUP (10.0 mg/kg BW), or vehicle (VEH) at 1 hour prior to onset of a daily 2-hour alcohol access period for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS: When admin…

Familial alcohol supply, adolescent drinking and early alcohol onset in 45 low and middle income countries.

AIMS: This study estimated the extent of familial alcohol supply in 45 low and middle income countries (LMIC), and examined the country-leve … CI = [1.04, 1.16]), early onset of alcohol use (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.08]) and more frequent drinking in the past month (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.20]). CONCLUSION: There were large variations in the prevalence of familial alcohol supply and adolescent alcohol use among LMICs. Adolescents in countries with higher prevalence of familial alcohol s …

Problem Drinking, Alcohol-Related Violence, and Homelessness among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda.

This paper examines problem drinking, alcohol-related violence, and homelessness among youth living in the slums of Kampala&mdash;an understudied population at high-risk for both alcohol use and violence. This study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014 with youth living in the slums and streets of Kampala, Uganda (n = 1134), who were attending Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers. The analyses for this paper were restricted to youth who reported current alcohol consumption (n = 346). Problem drinking patterns were assessed among youth involved in alcohol-related viol…

Interactive effects of ovarian steroid hormones on alcohol use and binge drinking across the menstrual cycle.

Patterns and features of substance use and abuse vary across the menstrual cycle in humans. Yet, little work has systematically examined the within-person relationships between ovarian hormone changes and alcohol use across the menstrual cycle. Our study was the first to examine the roles of within-person levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in relation to daily alcohol use and binge drinking in young women. Participants were 22 naturally cycling women, ages 18-22, recruited through a university subject pool who reported any alcohol use and who completed a screening visit assessing s…

Effect of drinking water source on associations between gastrointestinal illness and heavy rainfall in New Jersey.

Gastrointestinal illness (GI) has been associated with heavy rainfall. Storm events and periods of heavy rainfall and runoff can result in i … . To determine potential effect modification estimates were stratified by season (warm or cold) and drinking water source (groundwater, surface water, or 'other' category). Stratified analyses by drinking water source and season identified positive associations of rainfall and GI hospitalizations in surface water systems during the warm season with no lag …

Drinking to Cope With Depressive Symptoms and Ruminative Thinking: A Multiple Mediation Model Among College Students.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the potential psychosocial mechanisms that explain (i.e., mediate) the associations between depressive symptoms and alcohol-related problems can improve interventions targeting college students. OBJECTIVES: The current research examined four distinct facets of rumination (e.g., problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive thoughts, and anticipatory thoughts) and drinking to cope motives as potential explanatory mechanisms by which depressive symptoms are associated with increased alcohol-related problems. METHOD: Participants were undergraduate stud…

Combined treatment for at-risk drinking and smoking cessation among Puerto Ricans: A randomized clinical trial.

Tobacco and alcohol use are linked behaviors that individually and synergistically increase the risk for negative health consequences. This study was a two-group, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a behavioral intervention, "Motivation And Problem Solving Plus" (MAPS+), designed to concurrently address smoking cessation and the reduction of at-risk drinking. Targeted interventions may promote coaction, the likelihood that changing one behavior (smoking) increases the probability of changing another behavior (alcohol use). Puerto Ricans (N=202) who were smokers and at-risk dr…

Волосатый Ribozime Genes Curtle Aлкоголь: от рационального дизайна до воздействия в vivo в Крысе.

Гены Рибозима были разработаны таким образом, чтобы уменьшить добровольное употребление алкоголя в крысиной модели алкогольной зависимости. Ацеталдегид, образующийся из алкоголя в печени, метаболизируется митохондриальным альдегидом дегидрогеназы (ALDH2) таким образом, что уменьшение активности ALDH2 приводит к обратному воздействию ацеталдегида крови на потребление алкоголя. Был применен поэтапный подход к проектированию генов, кодирующих рипозимы, предназначенные для крыс ALDH2 mRNA. В ходе исследований in vitro, посвященных доступности олигонуклеотидов, были выявлены подходящие целевые объе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ribozyme genes were designed to reduce voluntary alcohol drinking in a rat model of alcohol dependence. Acetaldehyde generated from alcohol in the liver is metabolized by the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) such that diminishing ALDH2 activity leads to the aversive effects of blood acetaldehyde upon alcohol intake. A stepwise approach was follow…

Alcohol drinking and HIV-related risk among men who have sex with men in Chongqing, China.

To estimate the prevalence of any alcohol use and heavy alcohol drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its correlates among men who have sex with men (MSM), a cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 MSM in Chongqing, China to collect data about sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol use, sexual behaviors, and other related factors through a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire. Heavy alcohol drinking in the past 12 months was defined as an AUDIT-C score ≥ 4. Blood was collected from each potential participant to test for HIV and syphilis …

Pesticide pollution of multiple drinking water sources in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: evidence from two provinces.

Pollution of drinking water sources with agrochemicals is often a major threat to human and ecosystem health in some river deltas, where agricultural production must meet the requirements of national food security or export aspirations. This study was performed to survey the use of different drinking water sources and their pollution with pesticides in order to inform on potential exposure sources to pesticides in rural areas of the Mekong River delta, Vietnam. The field work comprised both household surveys and monitoring of 15 frequently used pesticide active ingredients in different water s…