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Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction after radiation for brain tumors.

BACKGROUND: Patients with brain tumors who are treated with radiation frequently have growth hormone deficiency, but other neuroendocrine ab … ations. Overall, 14 of the 23 postpubertal patients (61 percent) had evidence of hypogonadism. Mild hyperprolactinemia was present in 50 percent of the patients. Responses to stimulation with corticotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin were normal in all patients except one, who had panhypothalamic dysfunction. However, serum 11-deoxycortisol responses to the …

Radiologic characteristics and results of surgical management of Rathke's cysts in 43 patients.

Although Rathke's cysts are a relatively common autopsy finding, rarely have they been reported as a clinical entity. Because of recent improvements in neuroradiological imaging, cystic intrasellar and suprasellar lesions are discovered often, leading to questions about proper management. Against this background, we reviewed the data from 43 patients with Rathke's cysts treated by one neurosurgeon over a 13-year period, and present the results here. The 43 patients had a mean age of 34 years, and 77% were female. Headache was the most common symptom, followed by galactorrhea, visual field loss

A case report on the co-presentation of pituitary abscess and POEMS-like syndrome.

RATIONALE: POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, manifesting with progressive distal polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopath … led diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism, including central hypocortisolism, hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia. Pituitary-enhanced MRI revealed abnormal pituitary signals on T1- and T2-weighted images, with peripheral rim enhancement noted after gadolinium injection. Further examination revealed lymphadenopathy, polyneuropathy, skin changes, monoclonal gammo …

Case Report and Literature Review: Overexpression of HMGA in Concomitant Plurihormonal Tumor and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

This study described a case of plurihormonal tumor associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and summarized the treatment approaches for similar cases, while also exploring the underlying pathogenesis. The patient exhibited symptoms indicative of acromegaly, central hyperthyroidism, and hyperprolactinemia. A glucose loading test demonstrated persistently elevated growth hormone (GH) levels, while thyroid function tests revealed inappropriate thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Imaging of the pituitary gland revealed a 26 × 19 mm lesion compressing the optic chiasm. Thyroid ult…

Пролактин: ключевой иммунорегулятор вирусных инфекций и аутоиммунных заболеваний.

Пролактин (PRL) секретируется различными клетками в предпоследней гипофизовой железы, младенческих железах, плаценте, матке, яичниках, яичниках, коже, жировой ткани, эндотелиальных клетках, иммунной системе и центральной нервной системе. На выражение и секрецию PRL оказывают влияние несколько факторов, таких как сажеводство, гормоны с тиротропином (TRH), цитокины, допамин, эстроген и вазоактивный кишечный полипептид. Он действует через сложный рецептор, который выражается в маммовых железных клетках, поджелудочных бета-клетках, адипоцитах и иммунных клетках. PRL имеет важное значение для разли

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by various cells in the anterior pituitary gland, mammary glands, placenta, uterus, ovaries, testes, skin, adipo … une regulation. Serum PRL levels fluctuate daily and can be affected by exercise, diet, and stress. Hyperprolactinemia is linked to autoimmune diseases and viral infections. In viral infections such as HIV, HCMV, HCV, and COVID-19, PRL levels are often increased, which may influence the immune responses. PRL can modulate the activity of various immune cells, includi …

HIDEA syndrome: A new case report highlighting similarities with ROHHAD syndrome.

Context: ROHHAD syndrome presents a significant resemblance to HIDEA syndrome. The latter is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants i … ROHHAD, which included rapid weight gain, central hypoventilation appearing after 1.5 years of age, hyperprolactinemia suggesting hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction manifesting as strabismus and hypothermia. However, she also presented with severe neurodevelopmental delay, which is not a classic feature of ROHHAD syndrome. HIDEA syndrome presents si …

The Challenge of Managing Refractory Psychosis Amid Multiple Medication Side Effects: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Antipsychotics are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; however, these agents are associated with … loaded with paliperidone, and her psychotic symptoms improved, although she developed akathisia and hyperprolactinemia. The patient returned to the hospital two days later after being discharged, due to disorganized behavior and multiple delusions. Clozapine was started and titrated to 100 mg qam and 200 mg qhs. While on clozapine, she developed profuse sialorrhea t …

Pituitary Stalk Thickening: Causes and Consequences. The Children's Memorial Health Institute Experience and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary stalk thickening (PST) is a rare abnormality in the pediatric population. Its etiology is heterogeneous. The aim of th … onal evaluation at the onset of PST revealed: CDI (91.3%), growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (56.5%), hyperprolactinemia (39%), central hypothyroidism (34.8%), adrenal insufficiency (9%), precocious puberty (8.7%). The majority of the patients were diagnosed with germinoma (seventeen patients - 73.9%, one of them with teratoma and germinoma). Langerhans cell histiocyt …

Protective Role of Sarpogrelate in Combination with Bromocriptine and Cabergoline for Treatment of Diabetes in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.

BACKGROUND: Although dopamine D2 receptor agonists, bromocriptine and cabergoline, are notable medications in the treatment of Parkinsonism, hyperprolactinemia, and hyperglycemia, there is an identified relationship between the utilization of D2-like R agonists and the progress of myocardial injury, especially in the early phase of therapy. OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to examine the potential activity of sarpogrelate (a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A [5-HT2A] receptor blocker) in reducing myocardial injury prompted by extended haul utilization of D2 receptor agonists in a model of diabetic ra…

Prevalence of Comorbidities among Patients with Acromegaly.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acromegaly is a chronic disorder resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone and (GH) and insulin-like gr … in 35.95%, 3.37%, and 6.74%. Diabetes mellitus, hypocortisolism, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia were reported in 39.32%, 38.20%, 37.07%, 34.46%, and 16.85% of cases. The prevalence of osteoarthritis, blood disorder, skin changes, thyroid cancer, and spinal stenosis was found out to be around 1.12% each. CONCLUSIONS: Acromegaly is associated w …

A Rare Case of Laryngeal Hamartoma.

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinaemia refers to increased circulating prolactin and is divided into functional and pathological hyperprolactinaemi … ic between 2001 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: 27 cases (20 female, 7 male) with hyperprolactinemia were detected. The median age of the cases was 15 years (0.3-17.4). Prolactinoma was detected in 40.7% of the cases (n=11). Among these cases, six were macroadenomas. The median prolactin level was 118 ng/mL (34-4340) in those with prolactinoma and …

Clozapine-induced pulmonary embolism in a patient with minimal pre-existing risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: Although the risk of antipsychotic-induced venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been definitively established, guidelines recommendi … risk factors for antipsychotic-induced VTE were not present in this patient, including immobility, hyperprolactinemia, and coagulation abnormalities. The recent initiation of clozapine and obesity seem to be the only identified risk factors, although malignancy and abnormal antiphospholipid antibody levels were not able to be ruled out. It is difficult to determine …

Erectile dysfunction pre and post kidney transplant recipients in Duhok city; cross sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease. Disturbances in sexual function are noticed in early stages of chronic kidney diseases and deteriorate further as renal function declines. This is due to uremic effects, comorbid illness, anemia, hormonal disturbances, autonomic neuropathy, vascular diseases, hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, side effects of medications, and psychosocial factors. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study which included 59 male patients who underwent renal transplantation for more than 6 months. The …

Clinical presentation, evaluation and case management of primary empty sella syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 10-year single-center patient data.

BACKGROUND: Primary Empty Sella (PES) syndrome is an increasingly common disorder, mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding during brain im … g complaints followed by menstrual abnormalities. Endocrine abnormalities like thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadism and hypocortisolism were highly prevalent among those assessed. CONCLUSION: There is a gross under-evaluation of hormonal assessment and minimal case-referral to Endocrinologists. PES is associated with varying degrees of hormonal dys …

Molecular targets of atypical antipsychotics: From mechanism of action to clinical differences.

The introduction of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) since the discovery of its prototypical drug clozapine has been a revolutionary pharmacol … . Consequently, AAPs present a significant reduction of deleterious side effects like parkinsonism, hyperprolactinemia, apathy and anhedonia, which are all linked to the strong blockade of D2 receptors. This review revisits previous and current findings within the class of AAPs and highlights the differences in terms of receptor properties and clinical activities am …

McCune-Albright syndrome: a detailed pathological and genetic analysis of disease effects in an adult patient.

CONTEXT: McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) is a clinical association of endocrine and nonendocrine anomalies caused by postzygotic mutation of … café-au-lait spots and radiological signs of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Gigantism developed and hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyperparathyroidism were diagnosed throughout the adult period. The patient died at the age of 39 years from a pulmonary embolism. A detailed study revealed mosaiscism for the p.R201C GNAS1 mutation distributed ac …

[A new pharmacological strategy for schizophrenia: the partial agonists of D2 dopaminergic receptors. The principle characteristics of aripiprazole].

The D2 dopamine receptors play a pivotal role in the physiopathology of schizophrenia. Their over-stimulation in the limbic area, resulting … e effects developed by neuroleptic drugs (extrapyramidal side effects) and new antipsychotic drugs (hyperprolactinemia, sedation, late dyskinesia, modifications in thermoregulation, bulimia, overweight, depression...).

Prolactinoma and estrogens: pregnancy, contraception and hormonal replacement therapy.

The stimulatory role of estrogen on prolactin secretion and on proliferation of lactotropic cells is well established in terms of physiology … ortant problem to overcome with this type of prescription, which masks the clinical consequences of hyperprolactinemia, is the possibility of overlooking hypophyseal disease that could result from this approach. The problem of macroprolactinoma is different; the possibility of prescribing contraceptive pills must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the impact o …

Laboratory and clinical experience in 55 patients with macroprolactinemia identified by a simple polyethylene glycol precipitation method.

PRL exists in different forms in human serum. The predominant form is little PRL (molecular mass 23 kDa) with smaller amounts of big PRL (mo … n. Fifty-five of these patients were referred for detailed clinical assessment. Symptoms typical of hyperprolactinemia were not common in this cohort. None had sustained amenorrhea and eight have had oligomenorrhea at age less than 40 yr. One had galactorrhea. All had pituitary imaging, and four had a microadenoma with none having a macroadenoma. PEG precipitation a …

Prolactin secretion abnormalities in patients with the "syndrome of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity and schwannomas" (Carney complex).

Carney complex is a multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome. Acromegaly due to growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas has been consider … strated a higher baseline secretion of this hormone with preservation of its circadian pulsatility. Hyperprolactinemia was present in two siblings and a parent-child pair. We conclude that prolactin hypersecretion, albeit mild, appears to be frequent in patients with Carney complex, is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in kindreds with the syndrome, and may …