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Integrating Community Practices, Vector Resistance, and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Wuchereria Bancrofti: A One Health Implementation Study in Lymphatic Filariasis-Endemic Communities.

PURPOSE: Lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused primarily by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by mosquitoes, remains a public health challenge in Nigeria. Insecticides and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are used as control measures. However, limited public awareness and widespread insecticide resistance impede elimination. Molecular xenomonitoring is essential for detecting active transmission and determining when it is halted. This study assessed community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) on LF, insecticide resistance, and xenomonitoring of W. bancrofti in Bodinga Local Government A…

Residual activity of spinosad applied as a soil drench to tomato seedlings for control of Tuta absoluta.

BACKGROUND: Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is difficult to control by means of foliar insecticides, partly because of the endophytic feeding behavior of its larvae. The biopesticide spinosad is applied as a foliar spray for control of T. absoluta and has systemic properties when applied as a soil drench to the growing medium of tomato plants. The aims of this study were to determine the: (i) instar-dependent tolerance of larvae to spinosad; (ii) efficacy of spinosad drench application for the control of larvae; (iii) residual period of systemic activity of spinosad in leaves and frui…

Wuchereria Bancrofti Infection in Children Living in a Rubber Plantation Estate in South-South Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Chronic manifestations of bancrofti filariasis can be debilitating. There is paucity of description of this disease in the childhood population, yet early detection can prevent disability such as elephantiasis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of this infection among children in a plantation estate in Cross River State, Nigeria. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study in subjects aged 1 to 18 years, recruited from the nine camps of the settlement, using multistage sampling technique. The presence of Circulating Filarial A

Пространственная неоднородность резистентности к сносу мутации в векторе денге Aedes albopictus в Гуанчжоу, Китай.

Город Гуанчжоу является эпицентром лихорадки денге в Китае с 1990-х годов, главным вектором которой является Эдес альбопикт. Основным методом, используемым для борьбы с переносчиками болезней и предотвращения лихорадки денге, является применение химических инсектицидов; однако эта стратегия борьбы привела к повышению устойчивости к этим инсектицидам у комаров. Здесь мы сообщаем о нашем исследовании моделей резистентных (kdr) мутации в 15 полевых популяциях Э. Альбопикт, собранных в 11 округах Гуанчжоу. Результаты: Четыре мутантовых аллея (V1016G, F1534S, F1534C, F1534L) были обнаружены в доме

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The city of Guangzhou has been the epicenter of dengue fever in China since the 1990s, with Aedes albopictus being the primary vector. The main method used to control vectors and prevent dengue fever has been the application of chemical insecticides; however, this control strategy has resulted in the development of resistance to these insecticide…

Biochemical Mechanisms, Cross-resistance and Stability of Resistance to Metaflumizone in Plutella xylostella.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. It has developed resistance to many conventional and novel insecticide classes. Metaflumizone belongs to the new chemical class of semicarbazone insecticides. To delay the development of metaflumizone resistance in P. xylostella and to guide insecticide use in the field, the biochemical mechanisms, cross-resistance spectrum, and stability of resistance to metaflumizone were studied in a laboratory-selected resistant strain (metaflu-SEL). Synergism tests with the carboxylesterase inhibitor triphe…

Malaria vectors in the Greater Mekong Subregion: overview of malaria vectors and remaining challenges.

Malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion depends on, among other factors, vector behavior and ecology, and the degree of contact between humans and the Anopheles mosquitoes. This chapter will review and update knowledge presented in the 2003 Mekong Malaria monograph for planning and implementing evidence-based vector control programs. Collation of 150 publications and reports showed that the highest number of vector species reported included An. minimus Theobald complex (26.74%), An. dirus Peyton and Harrison (14.26%), An. sundaicus (Rodenwaldt) (5.65%), An. sinensis Wiedemann (4.2

Associations of planting date, drought stress, and insects with Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin B1 contamination in California maize.

Fusarium ear rot, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is one of the most common diseases of maize, causing yield and quality reductions and contamination of grain by fumonisins and other mycotoxins. Drought stress and various insects have been implicated as factors affecting disease severity. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the interactions and relative influences of drought stress, insect infestation, and planting date upon Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin B1 contamination. Three hybrids varying in partial resistance to Fusarium ear rot were sown on three planting dates and su

Pesticide use modifies the association between genetic variants on chromosome 8q24 and prostate cancer.

Genome-wide association studies have identified 8q24 region variants as risk factors for prostate cancer. In the Agricultural Health Study, … ted P-interaction=0.02). A similar effect modification was observed for three other organophosphate insecticides (coumaphos, terbufos, and phorate) and one pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin). Among ever users of fonofos, subjects with three or four risk alleles at rs7837328 and rs4242382 had approximately three times the risk of prostate cancer (OR, 3.14; 95% …

Evaluation of the efficacy of a topically administered combination of imidacloprid and permethrin against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dog.

The phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus is one of the main vectors of Leishmania infantum, responsible for human and canine leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean Basin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10% (w/v)/permethrin 50% (w/v) spot-on against sand flies (P. perniciosus) on dogs. The dogs used in this trial were laboratory-bred beagles: eight were impregnated with the solution (treated group), while the other eight were left untreated (control group). On day 0 the animals in the treatment group received 0.1 ml/kg bo

Bioactivity and laundering resistance of five commercially available, factory-treated permethrin-impregnated fabrics for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases: the need for a standardized testing and licensing procedure.

Personal protective measures against hematophagous vectors constitute the first line of defense against arthropod-borne diseases. In this regard, a major advance has been the development of residual insecticides that can be impregnated into clothing. Currently, however, information on specific treatment procedures, initial insecticide concentrations, arthropod toxicity, residual activity, and laundering resistance is either fragmentary or non-existent, and no World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation Scheme or other guidelines exist for the standardized testing and licensing of insectici…

Consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for integrated vector management in Eritrea.

BACKGROUND: Contemporary malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticide-based, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, malaria-endemic countries, including Eritrea, have struggled to effectively deploy these tools due technical and operational challenges, including the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. This manuscript outlines the processes undertaken in consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for vector control to expedite malaria elimination in Eritrea. CASE DESCRIPTION: The effort to strengthen s

[Current means of controlling pediculosis outbreaks in the South of France].

The authors sum up the principal morphological, biological and ecological characteristics of the human lice. Moreover they recall the therapeutic and prophylactic measures which could be used against them, and they bring to mind their "in vitro and in vivo" research technics on comparative effectiveness of certain insecticides against head lice.

Pattern of poisoning in a developing agricultural country.

Four hundred and seventy-two cases of poisoning were seen over a two-year period in Kandy, Ceylon. The overall mortality was 23·7%. The pattern of poisoning was different from that in western countries in that 49·8% of the cases were due to insecticide poisoning and only 10·7% were due to drugs, including barbiturates. Insecticides accounted for 73·2% and drugs for only 4·5% of the 112 fatal cases. Of the fatal cases 51·7% were between the ages of 20 and 40 years and only 6·2% were over 50 years. The wastage of economically useful lives indicates the need for a poison centre.

Aphicidal Potential and Metabolomic Profiling of Floriculture Leaf Waste Extracts Against Aphis craccivora Koch Under Laboratory Conditions.

Farmers are shifting their interest from conventional to floriculture crops. The leaves of floriculture crops remain unused and are often discarded as waste. These wastes are a rich source of industrially valuable compounds with diverse biological activities. In this study, the methanolic extracts of leaf wastes of three floriculture crops, namely, Chrysanthemum grandiflorum, Tagetes patula, and Alstroemeria hybrida, were studied for their insecticidal potential against nymphs and adults of Aphis craccivora. The results of the study showed that C. grandiflorum extract (LC50 = 637.49 ppm) exhib

Exploring polyporphyrin isolated from Carica papaya seed oil in the control of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) () mosquito.

This study evaluated the insecticidal properties of polyporphyrin, a natural compound isolated from Carica papaya seed oil, against Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria. Polyporphyrin was purified through column chromatography of the methanol extract. Larvicidal activity was assessed using WHO standard protocols, and the compound showed strong effects, recording 100% mortality at 0.032 mg/mL with LD50 and LD90 values of 0.0068 and 0.0144 mg/mL, respectively. Adulticidal activity was evaluated using the CDC bottle assay, where polyporphyrin caused up to 100% mortality at 0.032 mg/mL, wi

Determination of the preliminary discriminating concentration of broflanilide against malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae by multi-centre susceptibility testing.

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides is widely used as an effective method to control malaria vector mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2023, a new IRS product, VECTRON™ T500 (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.), was launched. This product contains broflanilide, a novel active ingredient for IRS, and has been confirmed to exhibit long-lasting insecticidal efficacy against malaria vector mosquitoes. However, the discriminating concentration to assess the susceptibility of wild Anopheles populations to broflanilide has not yet been determined. METHODS: In this …

Negative Cross-Resistance of Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti Strains to the Benzimidazolium Derivatives: Virtual Screening, Synthesis, and Bioassay of the Potential Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers/Modulators.

Negative cross-resistance (NCR) is an effective strategy for managing insecticide resistance. Haedoxan A (HA), a natural insecticide derived from Phryma leptostachya, exhibits NCR with permethrin by targeting voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). In this study, structure-based virtual screening, derivative synthesis, and biological evaluation revealed that compounds with a benzimidazolium skeleton show strong potential as sodium channel blockers/modulators. Among them, compounds 6i, LA-12, LA-26, LA-35, and LA-51 displayed an NCR profile similar to HA and potent mosquitocidal activities. Nota

Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions from pesticides in China and their contribution to ozone formation potential.

Solvents, components of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), emit quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere. … suggest that VOC emissions from agricultural pesticide applications amount to 0.60 Mt in 2017, with insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides contributing 0.39 Mt, 0.12 Mt, and 0.09 Mt of VOCs, respectively. Since VOC emission and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) led to an OFP value (2.1 g ozone/g product) for insecticides, a primary consideration should be …

Synthesis, characterization of two matrine derivatives and their cytotoxic effect on Sf9 cell of Spodoptera frugiperda.

The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda has imposed a serious impact on global food security. Matrine is a botanical pesticide with a broad spectrum of insecticidal activity which was recommended for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. In order to discover effective insecticide for Spodoptera frugiperda, two matrine derivatives modified with carbon disulfide and nitrogen-containing groups were systhesized. And their inhibition activities on Sf9 cell were evaluated. The structural configuration of compounds were characterized by IR, HPLC, MS, NMR and XRD, with yields of 52% and 65%, respectively.