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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and T2 Mapping for Evaluating Knee Subchondral Bone and Cartilage Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate water and lipid composition changes in knee subchondral bone marrow and cartilage in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and T2 mapping.DesignThis IRB-approved case-control study included 20 CKD patients (12 men, 8 women) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (10 men, 10 women). MRS and T2 measurements were performed on regions of interest in the knee subchondral bone and cartilage. Water content, lipid composition, fat content, and the unsaturation index (UI) were q

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Menopause: An Executive Summary and Recommendations: Indian Menopause Society 2026.

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Тенденции сокращения потребления липидов, интенсивности лечения и целевого показателя ЛДЛ-С для взрослых, страдающих диабетом и хроническими заболеваниями почек, не связанными с диализом в Гонконге.

С учетом меняющихся целевых показателей лечения, обеспокоенности по поводу почечной безопасности некоторых статинов и новых липидовых лекарственных средств (ЛЛД) мы стремились оценить тренды статинов и нестатичных ЛЛД [изетимибе и пропротеиновой трансформазы субтилизины/кексина типа 9 PCSK9i)] использование в Гонконге у лиц с диабетом и хроническими заболеваниями почек, не связанными с диализом (CKD). МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели ретроспективное когортное исследование 332,975 Китайские лица, страдающие диабетом и недиализом CKD, используя данные Управления больниц Гонконга 2002-2019. Мы проанализировали

От ожирения до митохондриальной дисфункции в периферальных тканях и в центральной нервной системе.

Ожирение - это состояние хронического низкосортного воспаления, затрагивающего периферийные органы тела, а также центральную нервную систему. Дефункция жировой ткани, возникающая в условиях ожирения, является ключевым фактором возникновения и развития различных заболеваний, включая нейродегенеративные расстройства. Митохондрия, ключевые органеллы в производстве клеточной энергии, играет важную роль в этой дисфункции тканей. В многочисленных исследованиях подчеркивается тесная связь между ожирением и дисфункцией митохондриалов адипоцита, что приводит к чрезмерному производству ROS и воспалению

Obesity-Independent Association between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Hematologic Malignancy: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study.

There have been conflicting results regarding the association between diabetes and the risk of hematologic malignancies, and its interaction with obesity is unknown. This study determined the risk of hematologic malignancies according to the glycemic status in a population-based study involving health screening 9,774,625 participants. The baseline glycemic status of the participants was categorized into no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly detected diabetes, diabetes duration <5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 year groups. The risks of overall and specific hematologic malignancie

Association of metformin exposure with low risks of frailty and adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes.

BackgroundDiabetes is an independent risk factor of frailty, which increases adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes. Metformin is a common antidiabetic drug in clinical practice. Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are the two common mechanisms of diabetes and frailty, as well as the main targets of metformin. Research suggested that metformin has anti-aging potential. However, few studies focus on the relationship between metformin and frailty. Thus, we aimed to explore whether metformin was associated with a low risk of frailty and other adverse outcomes in diabetic patients.Meth

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a complex and multifactorial complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ON is a devastating condition that causes severe pain and compromises the quality of life. The prevalence of ON in SLE patients is variable, ranging from 1.7% to 52%. However, the pathophysiology and risk factors for ON in patients with SLE have not yet been fully determined. Several mechanisms for SLE patients' propensity to develop ON have been proposed. Glucocorticoid is a widely used therapeutic option for SLE patients and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in SLE patients is strongly assoc

The Role of Angiogenesis in Haemophilic Arthropathy: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going?

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that can lead to degenerative joint arthropathy due to recurrent bleeding episodes affecting the musculoskeletal system of the patient. The cause of bleeding can be either traumatic or spontaneous. The pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy is unclear as many factors like iron, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors contribute to this process. Blood into joints can deteriorate the bone to such an extent that the patient experiences pain, reduction of the range of movement, and deformity of the joint, conditions that could have a great impa

Autoantibodies as Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation evoking the pathophysiological triad of inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy. In SSc, several alterations in the B-cell compartment have been described, leading to polyclonal B-cell hyperreactivity, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies promote and maintain pathologic mechanisms. In addition, autoantibodies in SSc are important biomarkers for predicting clinical phenotype and disease progression. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies rep

Методологии изучения мозговых органоидов для изучения механизмов заболевания в прогрессивном множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее аутоиммунное расстройство, направленное против центральной нервной системы (CNS), отмечен непрерывным обезвоживанием и воспалением. В клинической форме она представляет в трех различных формах: повторные выбросы MS (RRMS), первичные прогрессивные MS (PPMS) и вторичные прогрессивные MS (SPMS). Несмотря на то, что лечение с целью изменения болезней (ДМР) оказывает определенное содействие людям, страдающим СВЗ, варианты лечения прогрессивных СЗМ (ПМС) по-прежнему являются крайне неадекватными. Этот пробел свидетельствует о настоятельной необходимости примен

The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogen

The regulatory networks and mechanisms of bone microenvironment in tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Bone tumors, encompassing heterogeneous primary and metastatic lesions, are driven in their initiation, progression, and metastasis by dysregulation of the bone microenvironment (BME). Clinically manifested by localized pain, pathological fractures, and neurological deficits, these malignancies substantially threaten patient survival. Radiographic patterns (osteolytic, osteoblastic, mixed) directly reflect pathogenic BME-tumor interactions, particularly involving osteoblast-osteoclast imbalance. The BME-a specialized niche of bone-resident cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts), immune c

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… Furthermore, bevacizumab neutralizes excess VEGF, and subsequently reconstructs the vascular system within tumor tissues, inhibits excessive angiogenesis, microvascular density and permeability. …

Дисфункция мозгового барьера (BBB) в заболеваниях CNS: уделение внимания перицитам.

Дизфункция мозгового барьера (BBB) является важным патологическим механизмом в заболеваниях центральной нервной системы (CNS) и может вызвать ряд патологических реакций, таких, как нейроинфламмационная реакция, окислительный стресс, иммунная инфильтрация и т.д., что усугубляет повреждение мозга. Вместе с тем исследователи часто игнорируют перициты, и ни одно обзорное исследование пока еще не подытожило механизм, с помощью которого перициты способствуют дисфункции ББД в заболеваниях КНС.Поэтому в настоящем обзоре изучается патофизиология дисфункции ББД в связи с заболеваниями КНС и содержится п

Sclerostin Alters Tumor Cell Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and May Be a Key Player in Local Bone Invasion.

Localized jawbone invasion is a milestone in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The factors that promote this process are not well understood. Sclerostin is known to be involved in bone metabolism and there are preliminary reports of its involvement in bone tumors and bone metastasis. To identify a possible involvement of sclerostin in the bone invasion process of OSCC, sclerostin expression was analyzed in vitro in two different human OSCC tumor cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the effect of recombinant human (rh)-sclerostin tr

Non-Hematologic Toxicity of Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma: The Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Adverse Effects.

The overall approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has undergone several changes during the past decade. and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) including bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib have considerably improved the outcomes in affected patients. The first-in-class selective PI bortezomib has been initially approved for the refractory forms of the disease but has now become, in combination with other drugs, the backbone of the frontline therapy for newly diagnosed MM patients, as well as in the maintenance therapy and relapsed/refractory setting. Despite being among the most widely

Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity, molecular mechanism, challenges, and research trends.

Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) encompasses a spectrum of cardiovascular complications associated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. This review synthesizes recent mechanistic insights to delineate distinct pathological pathways: anthracyclines provoke oxidative mitochondrial damage and disrupt cardiomyocyte iron homeostasis; HER2-targeted therapies inhibit the PI3K-Akt survival pathway, compromising contractile function and calcium regulation; tyrosine kinase inhibitors impair VEGF and PDGF signaling, inducing endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefa

Retinal Vein Occlusion-Background Knowledge and Foreground Knowledge Prospects-A Review.

Thrombosis of retinal veins is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases that may lead to vascular blindness. The latest epidemiological data leave no illusions that the burden on the healthcare system, as impacted by patients with this diagnosis, will increase worldwide. This obliges scientists to search for new therapeutic and diagnostic options. In the 21st century, there has been tremendous progress in retinal imaging techniques, which has facilitated a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its complications, and conseq

Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory s

Role of lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors in health and disease: novel therapeutic strategies.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an abundant bioactive phospholipid, with multiple functions both in development and in pathological conditions. Here, we review the literature about the differential signaling of LPA through its specific receptors, which makes this lipid a versatile signaling molecule. This differential signaling is important for understanding how this molecule can have such diverse effects during central nervous system development and angiogenesis; and also, how it can act as a powerful mediator of pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, an

Животные модели периферической нейропатии, вызванной химиотерапией, для гематологических заболеваний: обзор.

Химиотерапия это one основные виды лечения гематологовых магнестов. Однако периферическая нейропатия, вызванная химиотерапией (CIPN) one Наиболее часто встречающиеся долгосрочные токсичные реакции в химиотерапии, а также случаи CIPN влияют на качество жизни пациентов и могут приводить к прерыванию химиотерапии в тяжелых случаях, снижая тем самым эффективность химиотерапии. В настоящее время мы резюмируем существующие зверские модели CIPN, включая характеристики нескольких общих животных моделей, таких, как периферическая нейропатия, вызванная бортезомибами, периферическая нейропатия, вызванная