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Bioabsorbable polymers in cancer therapy: latest developments.

Cancer is a devastating disease, being responsible for 13 % of all deaths worldwide. One of the main challenges in treating cancer concerns the fact that anti-cancer drugs are not highly specific for the cancer cells and the "death" of healthy cells in the course of chemotherapy treatment is inevitable. In this sense, the use of drug delivery systems (DDS) can be seen as a powerful tool to minimize or overcome this very important issue. DDS can be designed to target specific tissues in order to mitigate side effects. Bioabsorbable polymers, due to their inherent characteristics, and because th

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… Thamake SI Raut SL Gryczynski Z Ranjan AP Vishwanatha JK Alendronate coated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles for active targeting of metastatic breast cancer Biomaterials. 2012 33 7164 73 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.026 22795543 54. …

Regorafenib Attenuates Osteoclasts Differentiation by Inhibiting the NF-κB, NFAT, ERK, and p38 Signaling Pathways.

Osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and neoplastic bone metastases are caused by the excessive activation of osteoclasts. Inhibiting the excessive activation of osteoclasts is a crucial strategy for treating osteolytic diseases. This study investigated the roles and mechanisms of regorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on osteoclasts and osteolytic diseases. We first identified the potential targets and mechanisms of regorafenib on osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases using network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking techniques. Then, we verified its role and mechanism on o

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… For example, alendronate and zoledronic acid, while effective in reducing osteoclastic activity, 10 can cause gastrointestinal irritation and atypical femur fracture with long-term application. 11 Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis …

Impact of Bisphosphonate Therapy on Oral Health in Patients with Breast and Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: A Comprehensive Study.

This study investigates the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on the stomatognathic system in 80 patients with cancer of the breast and prostate with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are integral for managing skeletal complications in these malignancies but are associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), affecting 0.8-18.5% of patients. BRONJ manifests with pain, neuropathy, tissue swelling, mucosal ulceration, tooth mobility, and abscesses, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, complicating risk prediction. The research employed comprehensive dental and radiologica

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… They may also inhibit cartilage tissue resorption, as demonstrated by Kim et al., with alendronate reducing articular cartilage degradation. …

Systemic complications of rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on pathogenesis and treatment.

As a systemic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually causes damage not only to joints, but also to other tissues and organs including the heart, kidneys, lungs, digestive system, eyes, skin, and nervous system. Excessive complications are closely related to the prognosis of RA patients and even lead to increased mortality. This article summarizes the serious complications of RA, focusing on its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment methods, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians to better manage the complications of RA.

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… The study showed that teriparatide resulted in a significantly greater increase in bone mineral density levels and a significant reduction in spinal fractures, compared with the active comparator and the anti-resorptive drug alendronate, and that was confirmed in clinical practice ( 134 ). …

Osteoprotective Roles of Green Tea Catechins.

Osteoporosis is the second most common disease only secondary to cardiovascular disease, with the risk of fracture increasing with age. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. Osteoclastogenesis may be enhanced, osteoblastogenesis may be reduced, or both may be evident. Inflammation and high reactive oxygen enhance osteoclastogenesis while reducing osteoblastogenesis by inducing osteoblast apoptosis and suppressing osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Catechins, the main polyphenols found in green tea with potent anti-oxida

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… Fracture and Bone Mineral Density Response by Baseline Risk in Patients Treated With Abaloparatide Followed by Alendronate: Results From the Phase 3 ACTIVExtend Trial J. Bone Miner. Res. 2019 34 2213 2219 10.1002/jbmr.3848 31411768 PMC6916366 119. Wu C.H. Chang Y.F. Chen C.H. Lewiecki E.M. …

Multidisciplinary Approach to Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression-A New Integrative Flowchart for Patient Management.

Metastatic spine disease (MSD) and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) are major causes of permanent neurological damage and long-term disability for cancer patients. The development of MSD is pathophysiologically framed by a cooperative interaction between general mechanisms of bone growth and specific mechanisms of spinal metastases (SM) expansion. SM most commonly affects the thoracic spine, even though multiple segments may be affected concomitantly. The great majority of SM are extradural, while intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary metastases are less frequently seen. The ma

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The Roadmap of RANKL/RANK Pathway in Cancer.

The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling pathway was identified in the late 1990s and is the key mediator of bone remodeling. Targeting RANKL with the antibody denosumab is part of the standard of care for bone loss diseases, including bone metastases (BM). Over the last decade, evidence has implicated RANKL/RANK pathway in hormone and HER2-driven breast carcinogenesis and in the acquisition of molecular and phenotypic traits associated with breast cancer (BCa) aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This marked a new era in the research of the therapeutic use o

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… osteoclast apoptosis either by causing intracellular accumulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) toxic analogs (non-N-BPs, like etidronate and clodronate) or by interfering with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS)—a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway and protein prenylation (N-BPs, like pamidronate, alendronate …

Gut-Bone Axis: A Non-Negligible Contributor to Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Systemic diseases or local infections, such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, promote the development and progression of periodontitis. Accumulating evidences have revealed the pivotal effects of gut microbiota on bone health via gut-alveolar-bone axis. Gut pathogens or metabolites may translocate to distant alveolar bone via circulation and regulate bone homeostasis. In addition, gut pathogens can induce aberrant gut immune responses and subsequent homing o

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… Estrogen and Alendronate Therapies may Prevent the Influence of Estrogen Deficiency on the Tooth-Supporting Alveolar Bone: A Histometric Study in Rats. J. Periodontal. Res. 41 (6), 541–546. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00903.x Dutzan N., Kajikawa T., Abusleme L., Greenwell-Wild T., Zuazo C. …

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Menopause: An Executive Summary and Recommendations: Indian Menopause Society 2026.

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The emerging role of osteoclasts in the treatment of bone metastases: rationale and recent clinical evidence.

The occurrence of bone metastasis is a grave medical concern that substantially impacts the quality of life in patients with cancer. The precise mechanisms underlying bone metastasis remain unclear despite extensive research efforts, and efficacious therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. The ability of osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix makes them a crucial factor in the development of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts are implicated in several aspects of bone metastasis, encompassing the formation of premetastatic microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, and reactivation o

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… Conversely, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as alendronate, zoledronic acid, and ibandronate target the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase, which is necessary for osteoclast function ( 116 ). …

Personal Medicine and Bone Metastases: Biomarkers, Micro-RNAs and Bone Metastases.

Bone metastasis is a major cause of morbidity within solid tumours of the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Metastasis to the skeleton is associated with a wide range of complications including bone fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia and increased bone pain. Improved treatments for bone metastasis, such as the use of anti-bone resorptive bisphosphonate agents, within post-menopausal women have improved disease-free survival; however, these treatments are not without side effects. There is thus a need for biomarkers, which will predict the risk of developing the spread to bone

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… Bisphosphonates The bisphosphonate class of drugs include the “non-nitrogen containing” bisphosphonates (etidronate and clodronate) and the “nitrogen-containing” bisphosphonates (risedronate, zoledronate, alendronate and ibandronate) [ 47 ]. …

Endocrine sequelae of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Effects on mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant (leukemia and lymphoma) and non-malignant (thalassemia, anemia, and immunodeficiency) hematopoietic diseases. Thanks to the improvement in patient care and the development of more tolerable conditioning treatments, which has extended the applicability of therapy to the elderly, a growing number of patients have successfully benefited from HSCT therapy and, more importantly, HSCT transplant-related mortality has consistently reduced in recent years. However, concomitantly to long

Immune mediated support of metastasis: Implication for bone invasion.

Bone is a common organ affected by metastasis in various advanced cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, and melanoma. Once a patient is diagnosed with bone metastasis, the patient's quality of life and overall survival are significantly reduced owing to a wide range of morbidities and the increasing difficulty of treatment. Many studies have shown that bone metastasis is closely related to bone microenvironment, especially bone immune microenvironment. However, the effects of various immune cells in the bone microenvironment on bone metastasis remain unclear. Here, we describe

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… Nanocarriers coated with hyaluronic acid/alendronate on zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 containing NF‐κB inhibitor were found to promote monocytes to differentiate into macrophages with tumor‐killing effect instead of osteoclasts [ 104 ]. …

ROS 2020 Abstract

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… Methods : Intact amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and urinary N-telopeptide crosslink of type I collagen (uNTx) levels were measured in postmenopausal women attending a routine Metabolic Outpatient appointment, 46 treatment naïve subjects (TN), 41 on alendronate (ALN) and 28 on …

Bone health in patients with cancer: a SEOM-SEIOMM consensus review of risk factors, assessment strategies, and management approaches.

Anticancer therapies frequently compromise skeletal health and increase fracture risk. This narrative review synthesizes information and provides guidance on assessment, prevention, and management of therapy-related bone loss in adults with cancer. Major contributors to bone loss in this population include aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, systemic glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, and selected targeted or immune agents. Recommended assessments include clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (calcium, vitamin D, and renal function), and bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray ab

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… Both denosumab and bisphosphonates (including oral options, such as alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate) are guideline-supported for AI-associated bone loss. The choice of agent should be individualized according to efficacy, tolerability and patient preference [ 65 ]. …

A Review on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products in Preventing Bone Diseases.

The drugs used for treating bone diseases (BDs), at present, elicit hazardous side effects that include certain types of cancers and strokes, hence the ongoing quest for the discovery of alternatives with little or no side effects. Natural products (NPs), mainly of plant origin, have shown compelling promise in the treatments of BDs, with little or no side effects. However, the paucity in knowledge of the mechanisms behind their activities on bone remodeling has remained a hindrance to NPs' adoption. This review discusses the pathological development of some BDs, the NP-targeted components, an

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… Most commonly used are bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronic acid) [ 1 ] and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; e.g., tamoxifen, raloxifene, and toremifene) [ 2 ]. …

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.

Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibi

Imiglucerase in the treatment of Gaucher disease: a history and perspective.

The scientific and therapeutic development of imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) by the Genzyme Corporation is a paradigm case for a critical examination of current trends in biotechnology. In this article the authors argue that contemporary interest in treatments for rare diseases by major pharmaceutical companies stems in large part from an exception among rarities: the astonishing commercial success of Cerezyme. The fortunes of the Genzyme Corporation, latterly acquired by global giant Sanofi SA, were founded on the evolution of a blockbuster therapy for a single but, as it turns out, propitious ul