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No patient left behind: The promise of immune priming with epigenetic agents.

Checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1 or CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers. Despite the enthusiasm for the clinical successes of checkpoint inhibitors, and immunotherapy, in general, only a minority of patients with specific tumor types actually benefit from treatment. Emerging evidence implicates epigenetic alterations as a mechanism of clinical resistance to immunotherapy. This review presents evidence for that association, summarizes the epi-based mechanisms by which tumors evade immunogenic cell death, discusses epigenetic modulation as

IL-7:: потенциальные возможности лечения иммунных клеток в следующем поколении.

Иммунная терапия на основе клеток от клеток CAR-T до опухолей, проникающих в лимфоциты (ТИЛ) и эндогенные продукты Т-клеток, вызвала беспрецедентную клиническую реакцию на гематологическое опухоли и в настоящее время активно изучается на предмет наличия твердых опухолей. Тем не менее некоторые ключевые проблемы по-прежнему ограничивают долговечность и широту клинических преимуществ. IL-7 - плейотропный цитокин, который увеличивает как количество, так и функцию лимфоцитов. Несмотря на то, что это еще не клиническое утверждение, IL-7 был использован более 620 Взрослые и педиатрические пациенты п

Hematopoietic Tumors

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An Updated Comprehensive Review on Diseases Associated with Nephrotic Syndromes.

There have been exciting advances in our knowledge of primary glomerular diseases and nephrotic syndromes in recent years. Beyond the histological pattern from renal biopsy, more precise phenotyping of the diseases and the use of modern nephrogenetics helps to improve treatment decisions and sometimes also avoid unnecessary exposure to potentially toxic immunosuppression. New biomarkers have led to easier and more accurate diagnoses and more targeted therapeutic decisions. The treatment landscape is becoming wider with a pipeline of promising new therapeutic agents with more sophisticated appr

The potential of FCRL genes as targets for cancer treatment: insights from bioinformatics and immunology.

Cancer is a prevalent and dangerous disease that requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. The FCRL family gene has been linked to immune function and tumor progression. Bioinformatics may help unravel their role in cancer treatment. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FCRL family genes in pan-cancer using publicly available databases and online tools. Specifically, we examined gene expression, prognostic significance, mutation profiles, drug resistance, as well as biological and immunomodulatory roles. Our data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expressio

Prognosis Relevance of Serum Cytokines in Pancreatic Cancer.

The overall survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is extremely low. Although gemcitabine is the standard used chemotherapy for this disease, clinical outcomes do not reflect significant improvements, not even when combined with adjuvant treatments. There is an urgent need for prognosis markers to be found. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential value of serum cytokines to find a profile that can predict the clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer and to establish a practical prognosis index that significantly predicts patients' outcomes. We have con

The Role of Intravesicular Proteins and the Protein Corona of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Drug-Induced Polyneuropathy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as membrane structures of cellular origin participating in intercellular communication are involved in the molecular mechanisms of the development of various variants of polyneuropathy. Taking into account the increasing role of the protein corona of EVs and protein-protein interactions on the surface of EVs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, we focused our attention in this review on the role of intravesicular proteins and the protein corona of EVs in the development of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN). It has been shown that EVs are effectively in

Obesity and Cancer: Mechanisms, Epidemiological Evidence, and Potential Risk Reduction.

Obesity promotes carcinogenesis through interlocking metabolic, inflammatory, immune, and hormonal pathways. We narratively synthesize recent meta-analyses and selected cohort studies that examine adiposity-principally body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference-in relation to cancer incidence. Across the 13 cancers designated by the U.S. National Cancer Institute as obesity-associated, risk elevations are generally consistent, though magnitudes vary by histology (e.g., esophageal adenocarcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma), anatomic subsite (gastric cardia vs. non-cardia), sex or menopausal

A Pilot Clinical Study of Hyperacute Serum Treatment in Osteoarthritic Knee Joint: Cytokine Changes and Clinical Effects.

The serum fraction of platelet-rich fibrin (hyperacute serum) has been shown to improve cartilage cell proliferation in in vitro osteoarthritic knee joint models. We hypothesize that hyperacute serum may be a potential regenerative therapeutic for osteoarthritic knees. In this study, the cytokine milieu at the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic knee joints exposed to hyperacute serum intraarticular injections was investigated. Patients with knee osteoarthritis received three injections of autologous hyperacute serum; synovial fluid was harvested before each injection and clinical monitoring was

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… Group B included the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-5, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-22 and IL-23; metalloproteinase MMP-3; chemokine CCL3(MIP1α); the pleotropic cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin (OSM); and other proteins that play a role in inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix …

Adoptive T-cell therapy for Leukemia.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the most robust form of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and has been tremendously effective in the treatment of leukemia. It is one of the original forms of cancer immunotherapy and illustrates that lymphocytes can specifically recognize and eliminate aberrant, malignant cells. However, because of the high morbidity and mortality that is associated with alloSCT including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), refining the anti-leukemia immunity of alloSCT to target distinct antigens that mediate the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect could transform

Pain Management in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Update.

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) suffer from chronic pain at every stage of the natural disease process. This review focuses on the most common causes of chronic pain in MM patients: (1) pain from myeloma bone disease (MBD); (2) chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as a possible consequence of proteasome inhibitor therapy (i.e., bortezomib-induced); (3) post-herpetic neuralgia as a possible complication of varicella zoster virus reactivation because of post-transplantation immunodepression; and (4) pain in cancer survivors, with increasing numbers due to the success of antiblasti

Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Associated with Chemotherapy-Induced AKI.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid and transient decrease in kidney function. AKI is part of an array of conditions collectively defined as acute kidney diseases (AKD). In AKD, persistent kidney damage and dysfunction lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. A variety of insults can trigger AKI; however, chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity is increasingly recognized as a significant side effect of chemotherapy. New biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients at high risk of developing chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity and s

Beyond boundaries: unraveling innovative approaches to combat bone-metastatic cancers.

Evidence demonstrated that bones, liver, and lungs are the most common metastasis sites in some human malignancies, especially in prostate and breast cancers. Bone is the third most frequent target for spreading tumor cells among these organs and tissues. Patients with bone-metastatic cancers face a grim prognosis characterized by short median survival time. Current treatments have proven insufficient, as they can only inhibit metastasis or tumor progression within the bone tissues rather than providing a curative solution. Gaining a more profound comprehension of the interplay between tumor c

Decoding the mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis: paving the way for precision therapeutics.

The development of brain metastasis is a major cause of significantly reduced survival in breast cancer patients. The initiation and progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) involve multiple distinct molecular pathways and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review systematically summarizes key mechanisms underlying BCBM, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of metabolic reprogramming regulated by critical signaling pathways during brain colonization. In particular, we highlight

Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses.

The gut microbiota significantly influences cancer immunotherapy efficacy by modulating immune responses, remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), and producing key metabolites. Strategies such as FMT, probiotics, and dietary interventions show promise in enhancing responses to ICIs and ACTs while reducing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This review summarizes clinical and preclinical findings and discusses microbiota-based interventions and future directions for precision immunotherapy.

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design.

Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death.

Cannabis, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine: Cannabinoids' Role in Public Health, Food Safety, and Translational Medicine.

Public health is connected to cannabis with regard to food, animal feed (feed), and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the use of phytocannabinoids should be examined from a One Health perspective. Current knowledge on medical cannabis treatment (MCT) does not address sufficiently diseases which are of epidemiological and of zoonotic concern. The use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine is illegal in most countries, mostly due to lack of evidence-based medicine. To answer the growing need of scientific evidence-based applicable medicine in both human and veterinary medicine, a new approach for the

Навигатор биомаркеров человека.

Биомаркеры играют ключевую роль в современных исследованиях медицины, особенно в ранней диагностике заболеваний и персонализированном лечении. Несмотря на то, что предыдущие исследования систематически обзоры маркеров в различных областях заболеваний, интегрированная система, которая связывает основные физиологические системы, охватывает множество органов и охватывает широкий спектр заболеваний, все еще отсутствует. В контексте современных вызовов здоровья, характеризующихся высокой распространенностью хронических заболеваний и широкими сопутствующими заболеваниями, создание панорамной системы

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Pediatric Brain Cancers: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential.

Brain cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Biological changes in these tumors likely include epigenetic deregulation during embryonal development of the nervous system. Histone acetylation is one of the most widely investigated epigenetic processes, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are increasingly important candidate treatments in many cancer types. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how HDACis display antitumor effects in experimental models of specific pediatric brain tumor types, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), pediatric

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in children and adolescent cancer patients.

Brain cancer and leukemia are the most common cancers diagnosed in the pediatric population and are often treated with lifesaving chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy causes severe adverse effects and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting and debilitating side effect. CIPN can greatly impair quality of life and increases morbidity of pediatric patients with cancer, with the accompanying symptoms frequently remaining underdiagnosed. Little is known about the incidence of CIPN, its impact on the pediatric population, and the underlying pathophysiological mecha