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Bone Metabolic Markers in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent in obesity and is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. The relationship between OSAS and bone metabolism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of OSAS and bone metabolic markers. METHODS: A total of 119 obese males were enrolled in this study in spring months from 2015 to 2017. All candidates underwent polysomnography, and their bone mineral density (BMD) and the serum levels of total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (t-P1NP), N-terminal midfragment of o

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… Hypoxia could accelerate the resorption of bone by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells as well as the activity of osteoclasts.[ 27 28 29 ] However, some studies showed that hypoxia could promote osteoblasts differentiation into osteocytes and inhibit sclerostin expression … Arnett TR Hypoxia stimulates osteoclast formation from human peripheral blood Cell Biochem Funct 2010 28 374 80 doi: 10.1002/cbf.1660 20556743 10.1002/cbf.1660 30 Hirao M Hashimoto J Yamasaki N Ando W Tsuboi H Myoui A Oxygen tension is an important mediator of the transformation of osteoblasts to osteocytes …

Osteoimmuno-Oncology: Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting Immune Cells in Bone Metastasis.

Immunotherapies provide a potential treatment option for currently incurable bone metastases. Bone marrow is an important secondary lymphoid organ with a unique immune contexture. Even at non-disease state immune cells and bone cells interact with each other, bone cells supporting the development of immune cells and immune cells regulating bone turnover. In cancer, tumor cells interfere with this homeostatic process starting from formation of pre-metastatic niche and later supporting growth of bone metastases. In this review, we introduce a novel concept osteoimmuno-oncology (OIO), which refer

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… In addition, osteocytes are involved in the maintenance of myeloid cells [ 27 ]. As mentioned previously, immune cells regulate the function of bone cells. … Moreover, RANKL produced by osteocytes and increase in B cells are both needed for bone loss at least in estrogen-deficient conditions [ 65 ]. …

Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): A Dangerous "Message in A Bottle" for Bone.

Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processes are fuelled by EVs, such as tumour invasion and dormancy, drug-resistance, immune-surveillance escape, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodelling and metastasis. A key element is certainly the molecular profile of the shed cargo. Understanding the biochemical basis of EVs w

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… The coordinated and fine-tuned orchestrated activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, endothelial cell and bone marrow resident cells could be defined as a “virtuous cycle” [ 25 ]. … In fact, one of the functions of MT1-MMP is to cleave membrane-bound RANKL, expressed on the surface of osteoblasts and osteocytes, thus inducing its release in a soluble active form, which promotes osteoclastogenesis [ 57 ]. …

Bone marrow endosteum in homeostasis and metastasis.

The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner surfaces of bones adjoining the medullary cavity. The endosteum houses a variety of cells crucial for bone growth, repair and remodelling, including bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and their precursor cells. Historically, the endosteum has been extensively studied as a key site for haematopoiesis by which blood cells are incessantly produced. However, recent studies have defined the endosteum as a niche for skeletal stem cells, underscoring the importance of the harmony between the inner endosteum and the

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… Osteoblasts need to be replenished by skeletal stem cells (SSCs) to keep building bones, as osteoblasts have only a limited lifespan owing to their specialized function in matrix production and mineralization and their eventual attrition from apoptosis or embedment as osteocytes [ 4 ]. … Among these, Fgfr3 + SSC (‘ESCs’) robustly contribute to the generation of bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as to CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells and osteocytes within the cortical bone. …

Разрывы Фемура в травматизме Спинала Корда.

У лиц, получивших травму спинного мозга (КВП), происходит быстрая и глубокая потеря костей ниже уровня повреждения, предвосхищая их хрупкими трещинами. Ввиду их частотности и клинического воздействия бедренная хрупкость у пациентов СКИ требует особого внимания. Цель этого обзора литературы состоит в обобщении текущих данных об эпидемиологии, патофизиологии, диагностике, управлении и предотвращении бедренной хрупкости у пациентов СКИ. Был проведен всеобъемлющий поиск литературы в базах данных анализа медицинской литературы и системы ретровиваля в онлайновом режиме (MedLINE) и сводного индекса м

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… Sclerostin is an important bone formation inhibitor, produced by osteocytes, that is upregulated by mechanical unloading [ 25 ]. Sclerostin works indirectly in two ways. … Its anti-anabolic function is caused by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in osteoblasts, while its catabolic function is caused by upregulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and downregulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) excretion by osteocytes [ 25 ]. …

Correlation between initial alkaline phosphatase levels and overall survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

BackgroundAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) reflects changes in the condition of multiple myeloma (MM) patients to some extent. However, the relationship of ALP in MM remains uncertain. Our study aimed to determine the association between initial ALP levels and overall survival in newly diagnosed MM patients.MethodsClinical data from 202 newly diagnosed MM patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were collected. Baseline characteristics, disease progression staging, serum markers, and patient survival data were recorded. The cut-off value for ALP was calculated based on patient sur

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… SRE results from the interaction between MM cells and bone cells (including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts) ( 22 ). … Osteocytes produce soluble factors such as receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK, also known as TNFRSF11A) ligand (RANKL, also known as TNFSF11), sclerostin, and Dickkopf-1, promoting osteoclast activity and impairing osteoblast maturation, leading to bone loss and elevated blood calcium levels ( 23 ). …

Shotgun metagenome sequencing identification of a set of genes encoded by Actinomyces associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is intractable and severely affects a patient's quality of life. Although many cases of MRONJ have been reported in the past decade, the disease pathophysiology is unclear and there are no evidence-based therapeutic strategies. MRONJ usually features bone inflammation and infection. Prior studies that explored the association between MRONJ and microbial infection used the culture-based approach, which is not applicable to hundreds of unculturable taxa in the human oral microbiome, or 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, which does not provide q

Elrexfio™ (elranatamab-bcmm): The game-changer in treatment of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is the second most common plasma cell malignancy, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. ELREXFIO™ (elranatamab-bcmm) is a recently FDA-approved drug for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. The progression of multiple myeloma involves interactions with various bone marrow cell types, and targeting this microenvironment has shown promising results in inhibiting its growth and osteolysis. ELREXFIO, a bispecific antibody targeting CD3 and BCMA, activates cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against BCMA-expressing myeloma cells. Clin

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… Multiple myeloma progression is influenced by mutational diversity, clonality, and local bone marrow changes including interactions with various cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, immune cells, and osteocytes, which play pivotal roles in Multiple myeloma progression …

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and clinical management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a side effect that occurs after treatment for systemic diseases. However, most institutions currently rely on empirical methods to make diagnosis and treatment plans, and there is a lack of consensus or guidelines for the classification, staging and treatment of MRONJ in China. To address this gap and improve prognosis, an expert panel representing 11 renowned domestic medical colleges and affiliated hospitals in China was convened. The panel made a comprehensive literature review of previous treatment experiences and research findings to

Skeletal metastasis: treatments, mouse models, and the Wnt signaling.

Skeletal metastases result in significant morbidity and mortality. This is particularly true of cancers with a strong predilection for the bone, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancers. There is currently no reliable cure for skeletal metastasis, and palliative therapy options are limited. The Wnt signaling pathway has been found to play an integral role in the process of skeletal metastasis and may be an important clinical target. Several experimental models of skeletal metastasis have been used to find new biomarkers and test new treatments. In this review, we discuss pathologic process o

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… Osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stem cells and eventually differentiate into osteocytes, play a role in bone formation. … Osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulates this process and is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes. OPG acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL, thereby acting as a competitive inhibitor. …

Three-dimensional bone evaluation after surgical treatment with plasma rich in growth factors of Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A report of 3 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents that consists of progressive bone destruction in the maxillofacial area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect on bone volume of a surgical protocol using plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) for successfully treating MRONJ. METHODS: Three patients were treated combining surgical debridement with PRGF. Cone bean computed tomography scans were taken prior to surgery and 12 months after to measure bone volume changes. Biopsies were taken for histology a

Extracellular Vesicles in Tumors: A Potential Mediator of Bone Metastasis.

As one of the most common metastatic sites, bone has a unique microenvironment for the growth and prosperity of metastatic tumor cells. Bone metastasis is a common complication for tumor patients and accounts for 15-20% of systemic metastasis, which is only secondary to lung and liver metastasis. Cancers prone to bone metastasis include lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane vesicles released from different cell types. It is clear that EVs are associated with multiple biological phenomena and are crucial for intracellular communication by transportin

Osteoimmunology in bone malignancies: a symphony with evil.

Bone marrow is pivotal for normal hematopoiesis and immune responses, yet it is often compromised by malignancies. The bone microenvironment (BME), composed of bone and immune cells, maintains skeletal integrity and blood production. The emergence of primary or metastatic tumors in the skeletal system results in severe complications and contributes significantly to cancer-related mortality. These tumors set off a series of interactions among cancer, bone, and immune cells, and disrupt the BME locally or distantly. However, the drivers, participants, and underlying molecules of these interactio

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… For instance, IL-19 is primarily secreted by osteocytes in bone tissues, which is essential for granulopoiesis and neutrophil development. … Osteocytes regulate neutrophil development through IL-19: a potent cytokine for neutropenia treatment Blood 137 2021 3533 3547 10.1182/blood.2020007731 33684929 PMC8225922 18 Yu V.W.C. Saez B. Cook C. …

CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system: current understanding and challenges in physiology and pathology.

The acronym for the CCN family was recently revised to represent "cellular communication network". These six, small, cysteine-enriched and evolutionarily conserved proteins are secreted matricellular proteins, that convey and modulate intercellular communication by interacting with structural proteins, signalling factors and cell surface receptors. Their role in the development and physiology of musculoskeletal system, constituted by connective tissues where cells are interspersed in the cellular matrix, has been broadly studied. Previous research has highlighted a crucial balance of CCN prote

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… Embryonic and residual adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent precursors defined by the ability to differentiate along adipocytic, chondrocytic and osteocytic lineages. … Roles of matricellular CCN2 deposited by osteocytes in osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. Sci Rep. 2019;9:10913. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47285-3. Nishida T, Kawaki H, Baxter RM, Deyoung RA, Takigawa M, Lyons KM. …

Editorial: Bone metastases in endocrine cancers: advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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Использование естественных экзоцитозных везикул для борьбы с возрастными заболеваниями: от возрастных драйверов до терапевтических возможностей.

Старение — это сложный биологический процесс, приводящий к увеличению нагрузки возрастных заболеваний (ARD). Клеточная старость, включающая необратимое остановку клеточного цикла и выделение фенотипа секреторной активности при старении (SASP), играет центральную роль в старении и развитии ARD. Естественные экзоцитические везикулы (NEVs) — это везикулы, полученные из клеток, органов и тканей без искусственных вмешательств. В последние годы NEVs привлекли внимание как медиаторы межклеточной коммуникации, и показали многофункциональный потенциал в регулировании клеточной старости и ARD. С одной с

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… 194 ] NSCs | NA | Activating the SIRT1–PGC1α pathway | Improving mitochondrial function, and inhibiting neuroinflammation | [ 195 ] Astrocytes | EAAT-1, EAAT-2 | Activate PKC | Functional Glutamate intake | [ 196 ] Astrocytes | Synapsin I | Combined with NCAM | Promote neuron axon growth | [ 197 ] Osteocyte … These include miR-183-5p and miR-31a-5p in NEVs from senescent BMSCs; 321 , 322 miR-483-5p in NEVs from aged bone matrix; 323 significantly reduced myosin-1 in NEVs from aged osteocytes; 324 and downregulated integrin signaling pathway-related proteins in aged serum NEVs. 325 Together, these changes …

Secondary Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases.

Fragility fracture is a worldwide problem and a main cause of disability and impaired quality of life. It is primarily caused by osteoporosis, characterized by impaired bone quantity and or quality. Proper diagnosis of osteoporosis is essential for prevention of fragility fractures. Osteoporosis can be primary in postmenopausal women because of estrogen deficiency. Secondary forms of osteoporosis are not uncommon in both men and women. Most systemic illnesses and organ dysfunction can lead to osteoporosis. The kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological bone homeostasis by control

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… FGF-23, an osteocyte-secreted phosphaturic hormone, rises in early stages of CKD to prevent hyperphosphatemia [ 17 , 18 ]. Hyperphosphatemia occurs in late CKD stages despite increasing levels of FGF-23 due to klotho deficiency/resistance [ 19 ]. … Disuse Osteoporosis Osteocytes have certain mechano-receptors that use weightbearing-induced signals to orchestrate bone turnover. Immobility leads to osteocyte dysfunction and subsequent inhibition of bone formation via downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway [ 463 ]. …

Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish - Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork").

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network") Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art

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… Number of osteoblasts per bone perimeter (N.Ob/B.Pm), osteoid thickness (O.Th), osteoid surface per bone surface (OS/BS) and osteocyte density (N.Ot/B.Ar) can be assessed ( 40 ). … Moreover, the use of transgenic lines also allows in vivo assessment of specific cell types, including osteoblasts ( 202 , 203 ), osteocytes ( 203 ) and osteoclasts ( 204 , 205 ). …

MicroRNAs in Aseptic Loosening of Prosthesis: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.

OBJECTIVES: Aseptic loosening (AL) is one of the leading causes of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) revision. Discovering the roles of microRNAs (miRNA/miR) in ontogenesis and osteolysis has attracted more attention to diagnosing and treating bone disorders. This review aimed to summarize miRNA biogenesis and describe the involvement of miRNAs in AL of implants. METHODS: A detailed search was carried out on scientific search engines, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed, to find appropriate papers related to subjects. The search process was performed using the following keywords

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… degradation. 10 They can exert their functions by interacting with the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of specific target mRNA to promote mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. miRNAs are involved in the modulation of numerous life processes, including inflammation, cell death, and osteoblast-osteocyte … The differentiation of osteoblasts and osteocytes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is controlled by miR-21 through a number of pathways. …

Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent metabolic disorder, bearing significant repercussions on human well-being and overall quality of life. It remains an urgent concern within the global public health framework due to its widespread occurrence. Osteoporosis arises from an abnormal metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in a disruption of the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Within this context, deer antler peptides emerge as natural active compounds, wielding a pivotal role in governing the differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization of os