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Фармакомикробиомика: От взаимодействия хост-микробиома-наркотики к клиническому переводу в докторскую медицину.

Заметная межиндивидуальная изменчивость реакции на наркотики по-прежнему является серьезной проблемой в области клинической фармакологии и не может быть в полной мере объяснена только генетикой принимающей страны. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиота является дополнительным фактором, определяющим эффективность и токсичность наркотиков посредством двустороннего взаимодействия с фармакологической терапией. Это признание привело к появлению фармакомикробиомики - области, которая изучает, как микробные сообщества влияют на утилизацию наркотиков и реагирование на них, и ка

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… For example, Lactobacillus reuteri KCTC3679 has been shown to reduce paracetamol bioavailability in animal models, an effect attributed to the stimulation of peristalsis and consequent reduction in intestinal transit time, thereby limiting drug absorption [ 13 ]. …

A Systematic Review Evaluating the Impact of Fibre Supplementation on Gut Health and Other Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Haematological Malignancies During Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Gut health is often disrupted in adults with haematological malignancies (HMs) receiving chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Microbial diversity is reduced, and both infection risk and inflammation increased. The role of dietary fibre in enhancing gut health, immune regulation, reducing complications, and improving clinical outcomes for people with HMs shows promise but the extent of their role remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the role of dietary fibre supplementation in adults with HMs undergoing HCT on gut health, immune f

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… Role of Dietary Fibre Dietary fibre helps to maintain a healthy digestive system by adding bulk and moisture to stools, aiding peristalsis, and reducing constipation [ 19 ]. Certain fibres, known as prebiotics, are selectively fermented in the colon by gut microbes [ 20 ]. …

Sclerosing diseases of the skin.

Sclerosing skin diseases comprise a group of distinct dermatological conditions characterized by fibrotic changes that may severely impair patients' quality of life. These conditions often present with cutaneous manifestations and, in some cases, may extend to extracutaneous tissues, potentially resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This review explores the current understanding of the four most prevalent sclerosing skin diseases - localized scleroderma (morphea), systemic sclerosis (SSc), scleromyxedema, and scleredema adultorum of Buschke - as well as sclerotic conditions induced

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… Moreover, impaired esophageal peristalsis prolongs the retention of gastric acid in the esophagus, further aggravating the severity of GERD symptoms. 55 Reduced intestinal motility can lead to constipation and bloating; however, diarrhea may also occur as a result of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth …

Case Report: The intersection of psychiatry and medicine: diagnostic and ethical insights from case studies.

The intersection of psychiatry and medicine presents unique diagnostic and ethical challenges, particularly for conditions involving significant brain-body interactions, such as psychosomatic, somatopsychic, and complex systemic disorders. This article explores the historical and contemporary issues in diagnosing such conditions, emphasizing the fragmentation of medical and psychiatric knowledge, biases in clinical guidelines, and the mismanagement of complex illnesses. Diagnostic errors often arise from insufficient integration between general medicine and psychiatry, compounded by the relian

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… Another example is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where chronic stress disrupts parasympathetic activity, leading to spastic peristalsis, diarrhea, constipation, or bowel urgency ( 58 ). …

Kinase Inhibitors and Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is fifth in the rankings of cancer deaths among women, and accounts for more deaths than any other gynecological malignancy. Despite some improvement in overall-(OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following surgery and first-line chemotherapy, there is a need for development of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies. In this mini review, we provide a summary of the current landscape of the clinical use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Emerging data from phase I and II trials reveals that a

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… Given that the most common serous ovarian cancers are now thought to arise from the fallopian tube, it is unusual to identify patients with earlier stages of ovarian cancer, and the single cells drop off from the fallopian tube and are easily circulated around the peritoneal cavity by peristalsis. …

Pain Management in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Update.

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) suffer from chronic pain at every stage of the natural disease process. This review focuses on the most common causes of chronic pain in MM patients: (1) pain from myeloma bone disease (MBD); (2) chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as a possible consequence of proteasome inhibitor therapy (i.e., bortezomib-induced); (3) post-herpetic neuralgia as a possible complication of varicella zoster virus reactivation because of post-transplantation immunodepression; and (4) pain in cancer survivors, with increasing numbers due to the success of antiblasti

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… MOR are located peripherally in the myoenteric and submucosal plexuses in the gastrointestinal tract, by which endorphins physiologically modulate peristalsis, while exogenous opioids cause opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) [ 47 ]. …

Искусственный интеллект и машинное обучение в нейрогенной дисфункции нижних мочевых путей и травме спинного мозга: текущее состояние, новые технологии и этические перспективы.

Искусственный интеллект (АИ) и машинное обучение все чаще применяются во всех областях урологии, при этом особое значение придается нейрогенной дисфункции нижних мочевых путей (НЛУТД) у лиц с повреждениями спинного мозга (КВП). Кроме того, существуют особые перспективы в том, что касается лечения NLUTD — сложного, пожизненного состояния, затрагивающего людей с SCI, а также связанного с множественным склерозом, болезнью Паркинсона и другими неврологическими расстройствами. В этой статье содержится всеобъемлющий анализ нынешней и формирующейся роли МА в нейроурологии с уделением особого внимания

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… The system demonstrated reliable recognition with an accuracy up to 95% of six key urodynamic signal classes, including DO waves, rectal peristalsis, abdominal muscle contractions, and three grades of cough wave quality. …

CircRNA ITCH: Insight Into Its Role and Clinical Application Prospect in Tumor and Non-Tumor Diseases.

CircRNA E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) (circRNA ITCH, circ-ITCH), a stable closed-loop RNA derived from the 20q11.22 region of chromosome 20, is a new circRNA discovered in the cytoplasm in recent decades. Studies have shown that it does not encode proteins, but regulates proteins expression at different levels. It is down-regulated in tumor diseases and is involved in a number of biological activities, including inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis. It can also alter disease progression in non-tumor disease by affecting the cell cycle, inflammatory r

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… The role and mechanism of circ-ITCH in uncomplicated diabetes is also worth exploring, according to current research development. 3.4 Hirschsprung Disease Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is caused by a lack of proliferation and migration of intestinal nerve cells (ENCC), which leads to the absence of peristalsis …

Anaesthesia as an influence in tumour progression.

PURPOSE: Tumour growth and the formation of metastases are essential elements in the progression of cancer. The centre of treatment is the surgical resection of primary solid tumours. But even if the tumour can be removed without microscopic residual cells, local recurrences and distant metastases occur and determine the patient's fate. During the operation, tumour cells are shed from the primary tumour and released into the circulation. These circulating tumour cells might play an important role in the formation of new tumour sites. Therefore, a functional innate and adaptive immune system is

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… It has been shown that this can reduce opioid consumption and also positively influences PONV and the restoration of intestinal peristalsis after major abdominal, urological or gynaecological interventions. …

A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused b

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… The wet form is characterized chiefly by the accumulation of protein-rich fibrin fluid in the body cavity, which leads to symptoms indicative of severe and acute hypovolemia and/or organ compression within the affected cavity, such as dyspnea and reduced peristalsis. …

Intestinal/Multivisceral Transplantation

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… Children with malabsorptive conditions such as micro-villous inclusion disease, tufting enteropathy and mega-cystic microcolon intestinal hypo-peristalsis syndrome should also be referred to a transplantation center as they have no intestinal rehabilitation potential [ 4 , 5 ]. …

Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.

The microbiome is a key regulator of host homeostasis and immune activity, in part through the production of metabolites. These microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as directly target tumour cells, thereby regulating anti-tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the current mechanistic knowledge on how these metabolites exert their effects and outline the methodologies used to detect and assess these metabolites. Finally, we summarize microbiota-targeted therapies capable of improving microbial functionality to

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Gastric electrical stimulation: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this analysis was to assess the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of gastric electrical stimulation ( … ric slow wave propagates distally and determines the frequency and propagation direction of gastric peristalsis. Low-frequency GES aims to produce abnormal gastric slow waves that can induce gastric dysrhythmia, disrupt regular propagation of slow waves, cause hypomotility of the stomach, delay gastric emptying, reduce food intake, prolong satiety, and produc …

Роль Гут Микробиота в неврологических, психиатрических и неевроразвитых расстройствах.

АИМ: Эта статья направлена на изучение роли человеческого кишечного микробиота (ГМ) в патогенезе неврологических, психиатрических и нейроразвитых расстройств, с уделением особого внимания его влиянию на здоровье и болезни и изучением потенциальных терапевтических стратегий, ориентированных на модификацию ГМ. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Предусмотрен всеобъемлющий анализ состава кишечного микробиота и его взаимодействия с человеческим телом, в частности его роли в неврологических и психиатрических условиях. В обзоре обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на состав ГМ, включая родовой режим, грудное вскармливание

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… Its action is mainly related to intestinal peristalsis and immunity [ 148 , 149 ]. 4.5. Bacteria That Affect GM–Brain Axis Several studies conclude that GM bacteria, in addition to influencing neurotransmitters and their precursors, also secrete factors with a similar effect. …

Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

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… Strangulating lesions have decreased motility in the incarcerated segments with normal motility elsewhere. 49 Cases of paralytic ileus or nonstrangulating obstruction have a diffusely decreased peristalsis, but not to the degree observed with strangulating lesions. 47 , 49 One may diagnose some specific …

Pharmacological Treatments and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Chronic Pain.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that affects every aspect of a patient's life and which may be treated through different pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Analgesics are the drugs most commonly used to treat pain, and in specific situations, the use of opioids may be considered with caution. These drugs, in fact, do not always induce optimal analgesia in patients, and several problems are associated with their use. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the pharmacological approaches currently used for the management of chronic pain. We rev

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… ORs are present in the autonomic nervous system, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, where their activation causes a slowdown of peristalsis mediated by the inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) release on myenteric neurons and via partial inhibition of purines and nitric oxide release from inhibitory …

Неделя ГЭЭ 2017 Презентации на плакате

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Renaissance of Traditional Mineral Drugs in Cancer: Advanced Delivery Strategies and Bioengineering Approaches.

Traditional mineral drugs represent an underexploited reservoir of natural antitumor agents; however, their clinical translation has historically been hindered by poor bioavailability, non-specific biodistribution, and dose-limiting toxicity. This review comprehensively examines the pharmacological mechanisms and modern formulation strategies driving the renaissance of mineral-based oncology therapeutics. We highlight how mineral drugs exert potent anticancer effects through interconnected pathways, including regulated cell death (e.g., apoptosis, ferroptosis), cell-cycle arrest, and immunomod

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… Upon dissolution in water, mirabilite releases sodium and sulfate ions to form a hypertonic solution, which draws water into the intestinal lumen, stimulates secretion and peristalsis, and promotes defecation while relieving abdominal distension [ 76 ]. …

Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges.

Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chroni

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… For instance, radiation to the esophagus may result in strictures leading to decreased peristalsis [ 74 ], whereas patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy are at risk of developing trismus as a result of fibrosis and a contracture of mastication muscles which can impact the …