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Seroprevalence of Akabane, border, and Rift Valley fever diseases and their risk factors in small ruminants of Fars Province, Southern Iran.

The Akabane virus (AKAV), Border disease virus (BDV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are significant pathogens of ruminants, causing reproductive and neurological disorders that lead to major economic losses in the livestock industry. This study contributes to global efforts by providing valuable epidemiological insights into these three reproduction-related viruses and associated risk factors from Fars Province, a major livestock-producing area in southern Iran. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats across 32 cities between January and December 2024. After the primary evaluati…

Разработка анализа на основе люминекса для обнаружения антикаприпоксивируса и вируса лихорадки в долине рифта в домашних румынках.

Три члена рода каприпоксивируса (CaPV), кожного вируса (LSDV), вируса овцепокса (SPPV) и вируса козла (GTPV) имеют общие носители и районы совпадающего географического распределения с вирусом лихорадки Рифт Вэлли (RVFV). Таким образом, для обеспечения более эффективного с точки зрения затрат наблюдения за заболеваниями мы разработали и оценили результаты анализа Luminex на предмет одновременного обнаружения антител против CaPV и RVFV у домашних червей. У скота чувствительность (Se) составляла 98,7 процента, а специфичность (Sp) - 98,3 процента при обнаружении антиЛСДВ; оба диагностических пара

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The three members of the genus capripoxvirus (CaPV), lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheeppox virus (SPPV), and goatpox virus (GTPV) have c … ated a Luminex assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against CaPV and RVFV in domestic ruminants. In cattle, the assay had a sensitivity (Se) of 98.7% and a specificity (Sp) of 98.3% in detecting anti-LSDV antibodies; both diagnostic parameters were 100% for the detection of anti-RVFV antibodies in this species. In sheep and goats, Se and Sp we …

Pathogenesis of wild-type- and vaccine-based recombinant peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) expressing EGFP in experimentally infected domestic goats.

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious morbillivirus related to measles and canine distemper virus, mostly affecting small ruminants. The corresponding PPR disease has a high clinical impact in goats and is characterized by fever, oral and nasal erosions, diarrhoea and pneumonia. In addition, massive infection of lymphoid tissues causes lymphopaenia and immune suppression. This results in increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, explaining the observed high mortality in some outbreaks. We studied the pathogenesis of PPR by experimental inoculation of …

Poisoning in ruminants caused by species of the genus Cestrum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil: A review of toxicological and phytochemical evidence.

Some plant species of the genus Cestrum L. (Solanaceae family) are known to cause poisoning in farming animals in Brazil, negatively affecting the livestock sector. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review of the Cestrum species that cause poisoning in ruminants in Brazil and to list the main phytochemicals involved in these toxic activities that have already been identified. Scientific documents were retrieved in Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO databases. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 38 articles published between 1920 and 2023…

Alternative Molecular Tools for the Fight against Infectious Diseases of Small Ruminants: Native Sicilian Sheep Breeds and Maedi-Visna Genetic Susceptibility.

Maedi-visna (MV) is a disease caused by small ruminant lentiviruses. It is included in the list of notifiable terrestrial animal diseases due to economic losses and animal welfare harm in the sheep sector. To date, control programs remain the onliest approach to avoiding infection. The allelic variant p.Glu35Lys (E35K) of the TMEM154 gene has been strongly associated with host vulnerability to MV illness. The present study aimed to investigate the association of TMEM154 E35K allele frequencies with MV susceptibility in native Sicilian sheep breeds. More than 400 animals from 14 local sheep wer

A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and epidemiological risk factors of zoonotic Fascioliasis infection among the ruminants in Bangladesh.

The parasitic Fascioliasis is a zoonotic and economically significant disease for livestock and humans, creating public health concerns around the world, including in Bangladesh. Populations of Bangladesh are more vulnerable to this parasitic infestation for their intimate interactions. To tackles the adverse effects on humans from food animals, it is exigency to know the exact prevalence and associated risk factors of zoonotic Fascioliasis among ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the authentic knowledge of potential risk factors and prev…

The Implications of EU Regulation 2016/429 on Neglected Diseases of Small Ruminants including Contagious Agalactia with Particular Reference to Italy.

After almost 40 years, the 27 member states (MS) of the European Union (EU) will comply with the European Law 429/2016 in 2021 by completing … , etc.) have been listed including foot and mouth disease, sheep and goat pox, and pestes de petits ruminants. In addition, other endemic diseases affecting more than one species include blue tongue, tuberculosis, brucellosis, and anthrax. There are five categories (A-E) based on the degree of action to be undertaken throughout the EU for each disease. Thes …

First molecular identification of Strongyloides vituli in cattle in Japan and insights into the evolutionary history of Strongyloides parasites of ruminants.

Traditionally, Strongyloides nematode infecting cattle had been thought to be a single species, S. papillosus. Surprisingly, Eberhardt et al. in 2008 reported two, rather than one Strongyloides species infected cattle, with one being S. papillosus and the other S. vituli. However, there was no subsequent report to support their findings. In July 2018, a case of a sudden death of a calf believed to be due to heavy infection with S. papillosus at a dairy farm in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, was reported. One month after the initiation of a deworming program to prevent further sudden deaths, fecal

Sequence differences in the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 5.8S ribosomal RNA among three Moniezia species isolated from ruminants in Japan.

This study was designed to clarify the differences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 5.8S nucleotide sequences of Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni and M. monardi isolated from ruminants in Japan and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. A 98% similarity in the 5.8S sequences was observed among the 3 Moniezia species, whereas many nucleotide indels and substitutions were observed in the ITS1 sequences among the three Moniezia species. These results suggest that the ITS1 region could serve as a potential marker for discriminating the 3 Moniezia species. In the phylogenetic tre…

Emergence of suspected type D botulism in ruminants in England and Wales (2001 to 2009), associated with exposure to broiler litter.

Scanning surveillance by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency revealed the emergence of suspected botulism in ruminants in 2003, presented as flaccid paralysis. From 2003 to 2009, 168 cattle and 19 sheep incidents were recorded, with mortality between 5 and 80 per cent. All sheep incidents and 95 per cent of cattle incidents had proximity to broiler litter. From July 2006, the gut contents collected from 74 affected cattle and 10 affected sheep were tested for Clostridium botulinum toxins using mice bioassays and for organisms by culture. Type D toxin was identified in 32 per cent of cattle and …

Life cycle and attacks of ectoparasites on ruminants during the year in Central Europe: recommendations for treatment with insecticides (e.g., Butox).

The occurrence of ectoparasites on ruminants throughout the yearly seasons was compiled from the literature and from our own experiments that were based on ultraviolet trap catches during the years 2007-2009. The data were listed in tables, which also contained details on the life cycles of flies, mosquitoes, tabanids, midges, simuliids, louse flies, mallophaga, sucking lice, etc. The breeding sites of those ectoparasites were described as well as their potential activity as vector of agents of diseases. Considering the places for overwintering, proposals were made when insecticidal products s…

Remote sensing and geographic information systems to predict the density of ruminants, hosts of Rift Valley fever virus in the Sahel.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute arboviral disease of domestic ungulates and humans in Africa and the Middle East. Since the first epidemic in 1987, Senegal has been confronted with recurrent episodes of the disease. This study aimed to model spatial distribution of ruminants in the agropastoral area of Barkedji (Senegal) where the disease is enzootic. In this Sahelian ecosystem, livestock distribution mainly depends on the availability of resources. Accordingly, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to seek environmental indicators of livestock density. A high-r…

Pre-harvest interventions to reduce the shedding of E. coli O157 in the faeces of weaned domestic ruminants: a systematic review.

Our objective was to use formal systematic review methods to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to reduce faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in post-weaned ruminants by increasing animal resistance. The methodology consisted of an extensive search to identify all potentially relevant research, screening of titles and abstracts for relevance to the research question, quality assessment of relevant research, extraction of data from research of sufficient quality, and qualitative summarization of results. The interventions evaluated included probiotics, vaccination, antimicrobials, sodi…

Short- and long-term outcome and factors predicting survival after surgical tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome of small ruminants after tube cystostomy without urethral flushing. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Small ruminants (n=63; 50 goats, 13 sheep). METHODS: Medical records (January 1996-October 2003) for all small ruminants undergoing tube cystostomy were analyzed. Signalment, laboratory data, intraoperative findings, urolith type, and postoperative outcome were compared. Long-term follow-up was obtained at 6 and > or= 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Most animals were castrated males. Pygmy goats were overrepresented. Mean time to normal…

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against ticks (Ixodidae) on ruminants.

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of acaricides (excluding vaccines and other bio-control agents) against single and multi-host ticks (Ixodidae) on ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination, dose confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. The use of pen facilities is advocated for dose determination and confirmation studies for defining therapeutic and persistent efficacy. A minimum of two studies per tick species for whic…

Immunohistochemical localization of integrin alpha V beta 3 and osteopontin suggests that they do not interact during embryo implantation in ruminants.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that trophoblast attachment requires co-expression of integrin alpha V beta 3 and its ligand osteopontin a … staining was present on the luminal epithelium and glands and on embryonic tissues. CONCLUSION: In ruminants, integrin alpha V beta 3 and osteopontin do not co-localize at the fetal-maternal interface indicating that these proteins could not interact to facilitate embryo attachment as has been proposed in other species.

Neurotoxicity and secondary metabolic problems associated with low to moderate levels of exposure to excess dietary sulphur in ruminants: a review.

Problems associated with a low to moderate excess in dietary sulphur (S) intake in ruminants are being increasingly recognized. Comparing more recent reports with older data, there is an evident decrease in tolerance of cattle and sheep for even moderately elevated levels of dietary S, and an apparent drastic change in the clinical picture of chronic dietary S toxicoses. Outbreaks of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in ruminants in association with excess dietary S have been reported in recent years throughout the world. Excessive levels of S-containing compounds in domestic ruminant animals' ratio…

The prevalence of trypanosomosis in small ruminants and pigs in a sleeping sickness endemic area of Buikwe County, Mukono district, Uganda.

A survey of trypanosomosis in goats, sheep and pigs was carried out in Buikwe County, Mukono District of South Eastern Uganda between April and August 1994. Infection rates of 8.8% in 204 goats, 26.7% in 60 sheep and 32.4% in 68 pigs of all ages and both sexes were recorded. Trypanosoma brucei parasites were found in goats and pigs, T. congolense in sheep and pigs and T. vivax in goats and sheep. Infection rates were similar in both sexes of animal species and it was observed that T. vivax caused high levels of parasitaemia while T. brucei infections were associated with very low levels of par

Multi-Species Transcriptomics of the Mammalian Stomach Reveals Conserved Programs and Ruminant Chamber Specialization.

The mammalian stomach has conserved digestive functions but also shows major anatomical and physiological differences among species. However, broad comparative transcriptomic analyses across mammals and across ruminant stomach chambers remain limited. Here, we collected and integrated 111 bulk RNA-seq datasets from 11 mammalian species (humans, mice, monkeys, dogs, horses, donkeys, pigs, cattle, deer, goats, and sheep) and analyzed 12,048 shared one-to-one orthologous genes. We identified 56 conserved genes mainly involved in translation, ribosome biogenesis, protein homeostasis, and mitochond

Advances in Semen Extenders for Small Ruminant Sperm Preservation: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies.

Semen preservation represents a fundamental component of reproductive biotechnology in small ruminants, supporting artificial insemination programs, genetic improvement, germplasm conservation, and sustainable livestock production. However, ram and buck spermatozoa are highly susceptible to cryoinjury induced by cold shock, oxidative stress, osmotic imbalance, and membrane destabilization during cooling, freezing, and thawing procedures. Consequently, semen extenders play a critical role in maintaining sperm viability, motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and fertilizing capac…