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Simultaneous vaccination in Japanese travelers.

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous vaccination is not common in Japan because there is little information available on its effects. Some people are quite concerned about the possibility of adverse reactions due to simultaneous vaccination. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the frequency and severity of adverse effects are increased by simultaneous vaccination in comparison to single vaccination. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 399 asymptomatic travelers who visited the travel clinic during the period January-July 2005. One hundred forty-two participants we

Impacted foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region-diagnosis and treatment.

Foreign bodies are often encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and may present a diagnostic challenge to the trauma surgeon due to many factors such as the size of the object, the difficult access, and a close anatomic relationship of the foreign body to vital structures. They are usually a result of injuries or operations. Fragments of broken instruments can be left behind and entire teeth or their fragments can be displaced during extraction. The approach to this kind of injury should be sequential and multidisciplinary, beginning with the trauma unit that will provide maintenance o

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-secreted protein antigens: immunogenicity in baboons.

The effective control of tuberculosis (TB) requires the development of improved vaccines. It is now well established that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-secreted antigens represent promising candidates to be included in subunit vaccine preparations. It also is accepted that studies in nonhuman primate models will be required to further develop these vaccine preparations. As a necessary step in this direction, we have assessed the immunogenicity of M. tuberculosis-secreted antigens in baboons. Animals received a total of three intramuscular injections consisting of M. tuberculosis culture filtrate

Global patterns and disparities in maternal and child health: a panel analysis of global health observatory and world development indicators data, 2000-2023.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate global trends in maternal and child health-related indicators in the Millennium Development Goals (M … tility rate (TFR), LE, prevalence of anaemia and hypertension in women aged 15-49 years, diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) vaccine coverage, gross domestic product and government health expenditure as a percentage of GDP were collected, cleaned and prepared for analysis. Missing values (<10%) were imputed using linear interpolation and 5-year mean m …

Impact of dosing interval on immunogenicity following a heterologous typhoid conjugate vaccine booster in Nepalese children: An observational study.

OBJECTIVES: Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are essential for controlling endemic typhoid fever in low- and middle-income countries. Howev … s who received: (1) a single dose of Vi-CRM197 (single-dose group); (2) a dose of Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) vaccine followed by a Vi-CRM197 boost after a median interval of 4.2 years (4-year interval group); and (3) Vi-TT followed by Vi-CRM197 after a median interval of 2.1 years (2-year interval group). Anti-Vi IgG and IgA titres were measured 10 …

Trends of inequality in DPT3 immunization services utilization in Ethiopia and its determinant factors: Evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health surveys, 2000-2019.

BACKGROUND: Low levels of diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, pertussis (DPT3) immunization services utilization and high deaths among under five children are concentrated in economically and socially disadvantaged groups, especially in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess levels and trends in DPT3 immunization services utilization in Ethiopia and identify inequalities. METHODS: This study used data from 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys (EDHSs). The 2019 updated version of the world health organization (WHO…

Risk of febrile seizures and epilepsy after vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type B.

CONTEXT: Vaccination with whole-cell pertussis vaccine carries an increased risk of febrile seizures, but whether this risk applies to the acellular pertussis vaccine is not known. In Denmark, acellular pertussis vaccine has been included in the combined diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine since September 2002. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of febrile seizures and epilepsy after DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination given at 3, 5, and 12 months. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A population-based cohort study of 37…

Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a chimpanzee adenovirus vectored Ebola vaccine in children in Africa: a randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: During the large 2013-16 Ebola virus outbreak caused by the Zaire Ebola virus, about 20% of cases were reported in children. Thi … group, gender, and centre) to receive ChAd3-EBO-Z (day 0) and meningococcal serogroups A,C,W-135,Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT; month 6), or MenACWY-TT (day 0) and ChAd3-EBO-Z (month 6). The study was observer-blind from study start until interim day 30 analysis and became single-blind as of interim analysis. Primary outcomes assessed were seri …

Immunogenicity of reduced dose priming schedules of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine followed by booster at 12 months in infants: open label randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the immunogenicity of a single dose infant priming schedule of serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) conjugate va … l 197 (CRM) dose at 3 months; two doses of MenC-CRM at 3 and 4 months; a single MenC-polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (TT) dose at 3 months; or no MenC doses, respectively. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-MenC-TT vaccine was administered to all infants at 12 months of age. All infants also received the nationally routinely recommended vaccines. Blood samples we …

Vaccine schedule recommendations and updates for patients with hematologic malignancy post-hematopoietic cell transplant or CAR T-cell therapy.

Revaccination after receipt of a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or cellular therapies is a pillar of patient supportive care, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable infections. This review synthesizes national, international, and expert consensus vaccination schedules post-HCT and presents evidence regarding the efficacy of newer vaccine formulations for pneumococcus, recombinant zoster vaccine, and coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with hematological malignancy. Revaccination post-cellular therapies are less well defined. This review highlig

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… A randomized comparison between early and late vaccination with tetanus toxoid vaccine after allogeneic BMT . Bone Marrow Transplant . 1997 ; 19 ( 9 ): 933 ‐ 938 . doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700768 9156269 146 Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care . ATAGI 2023 Booster Advice . …

Humoral Immunity and Antibody Responses against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pneumococcus after Immune Effector Cell Therapies: A Prospective Study.

Patients undergoing immune effector cell therapy (IECT) are at high risk for infections. We assessed seropositivity against pneumococcus, tetanus, and diphtheria in patients before and after IECT and the patients' response to vaccination. We enrolled patients who underwent IECT from January 2020 to March 2022. Antibody levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcus were measured before IECT, at 1 month, and 3-6 months after. Eligible patients were vaccinated after IECT. In non-seroprotected patients, we discontinued testing. Before IECT, most patients had seroprotective antibody levels again

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… After patient enrollment, baseline blood samples were collected to immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration for diphtheria (diphtheria toxoid IgG antibody, serum), tetanus (tetanus toxoid IgG antibody, serum), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (total Streptococcus pneumoniae 23-valent serotype IgG antibodies, … Mayo Clinic Laboratories Tetanus Toxoid IgG Antibody, Serum. [(accessed on 1 September 2023)]. Available online: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/36667#Clinical-and-Interpretive . 14. Mayo Clinic Laboratories Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus), Quantitative PCR. …

Addressing the vaccine confidence gap.

Vaccines--often lauded as one of the greatest public health interventions--are losing public confidence. Some vaccine experts have referred to this decline in confidence as a crisis. We discuss some of the characteristics of the changing global environment that are contributing to increased public questioning of vaccines, and outline some of the specific determinants of public trust. Public decision making related to vaccine acceptance is neither driven by scientific nor economic evidence alone, but is also driven by a mix of psychological, sociocultural, and political factors, all of which ne

Elevated serum prolactin or elevated prolactin/cortisol ratio are associated with autoimmune processes in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases.

OBJECTIVE: . We investigated whether serum prolactin (Prl) alone or an increased Prl/cortisol ratio correlated with the autoimmune processes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other connective tissue diseases (CTD). METHODS: Serum Prl, cortisol, cytokines, and autoantibodies were measured in 29 patients with SLE and 29 patients with other CTD by ELISA. The patients were clinically assessed. RESULTS: Serum Prl was elevated in both SLE (p < 0.05) and other CTD (p < 0.01). Some patients with SLE had reduced serum cortisol levels. In SLE only, the Prl and cortisol levels were correlated (

Our treatment approaches in head-neck injuries caused by animal bites.

Several approaches exist for the treatment of animal attacks targeting the head and neck region. The treatment options and timing vary depending on the animal species, the nature of the defect, and the experience of the surgeon. In this study, early surgical treatment options used in head-neck injuries caused by domesticated or wild animal attacks are presented.We consider 12 patients who were admitted to our clinic between June 2006 and May 2010 with head-neck injuries caused by animal attacks. Tissue defect had developed in 10 patients due to half-wild dog bite and in 2 patients due to wolf

Vaccination Against Respiratory Infections in Adults with Cancer: A Concise Guide for Clinicians.

Global cancer incidence reached 20 million new cases across 185 countries in 2022, with approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths annually. Among adults with solid tumors and hematological malignancies, infections are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, with respiratory infections playing a particularly significant role. These infections not only reduce life expectancy but can also delay cancer therapy, negatively affect treatment outcomes, and increase healthcare costs. In recent years, the burden of respiratory infections in this population has been driven by influenza virus

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… Hib: H. influenzae type b; PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; Tdap: Tdap: Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis. * Consistent with various international guidelines [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 18 ]. … CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Hib: H. influenzae type b; PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; Tdap: Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis. * Consistent with various international guidelines [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 18 ]. …

Anti-infective vaccination strategies in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors-Guideline of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO).

Infectious complications are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies specifically when receiving anticancer treatments. Prevention of infection through vaccines is an important aspect of clinical care of cancer patients. Immunocompromising effects of the underlying disease as well as of antineoplastic therapies need to be considered when devising vaccination strategies. This guideline provides clinical recommendations on vaccine use in cancer patients including autologous stem cell transplant recipients, while allogeneic stem cell transplantation is subject

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… Antibody response to a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in splenectomized children and adolescents. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24(5): 629–632. 81. Meerveld-Eggink A, de Weerdt O, van Velzen-Blad H. et al. … Antibody responses to tetanus toxoid and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20(1): 33–38. 113. Molrine DC, Guinan EC, Antin JH. et al. …

Kawasaki disease: a maturational defect in immune responsiveness.

Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile disease in children of unknown etiology, is characterized by a vasculitis that may result in coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). In new patients with KD, a selective and prolonged T cell unresponsiveness to activation via the T cell antigen receptor CD3 was observed, whereas proliferation to other stimuli was intact. This "split T cell anergy" delineated KD from other pediatric infections and autoimmune diseases and correlated with CAA formation (P<.001). A transient immune dysfunction was also suggested by an incomplete responsiveness to measles-mumps-rub

Infectious diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: prevention and prophylaxis strategy guidelines 2016.

Infectious complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remain a clinical challenge. This is a guideline provided by the AGIHO (Infectious Diseases Working Group) of the DGHO (German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology). A core group of experts prepared a preliminary guideline, which was discussed, reviewed, and approved by the entire working group. The guideline provides clinical recommendations for the preventive management including prophylactic treatment of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases. The guideline focuses on antimicrobial

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… . | [ 276 – 278 ] Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid a, b | | X | | A | II | First diphtheria and tetanus vaccination after 12 months; only data available beyond 12 months; for diphtheria higher dose possibly better (child dosage) but not approved (BIII) | [ 279 – 281 , 310 ] TBE a (Tick-borne encephalitis … toxoid a | AII | X | X | X | X | [ 279 – 282 , 292 , 309 ] Haemophilus influenzae a | BII | X | X | X | X | [ 269 , 284 , 288 – 295 , 311 , 312 ] Meningococcal conjugate 4 valent and serogroup B | BII | | X | | | X | None | | [ 295 , 313 – 315 ] TBE | BII t | | X | X | | X | 5 years | | [ 282 …

Recommendations for vaccination in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network.

Vaccination is one of the most successful medical interventions that has saved the life of millions of people. Vaccination is particularly important in patients with multiple myeloma, who have an increased risk of infections due to the disease-inherent immune suppression, and because of the immune suppressive effects of therapy. Hence, all appropriate measures should be exploited, to elicit an effective immune response to common pathogens like influenza, pneumococci, varicella zoster virus, and to those bacteria and viruses (haemophilus influenzae, meningococci, and hepatitis) that frequently

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… Response to tetanus toxoid immunization after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:496–500. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.2.496. 69. Parkkali T, Ruutu T, Stenvik M, Kuronen T, Kayhty H, Hovi T, et al. …