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HDAC Inhibitors: Therapeutic Potential in Fibrosis-Associated Human Diseases.

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix and develops because of fibroblast differentiation during the process of inflammation. Various cytokines stimulate resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts actively synthesize an excessive amount of extracellular matrix, which indicates pathologic fibrosis. Although initial fibrosis is a physiologic response, the accumulated fibrous material causes failure of normal organ function. Cardiac fibrosis interferes with proper diastole, whereas pulmonary fibrosis results in chronic hypo

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… Trabeculectomy surgery is considered an option to release the increased ocular pressure [ 105 ]. The main purpose of trabeculectomy is to generate a drainage outflow track for the aqueous humor [ 105 ]. Scar formation around the outflow track halts drainage, indicating surgical failure. … Eye drops with steroids are widely used after trabeculectomy intervention; however, fatal side effects of topical steroids have been reported, including wound infection, hypotony, and paradoxical elevation of intraocular pressure [ 106 , 107 ]. …

Trabecular meshwork ultrastructural changes in primary and secondary glaucoma.

To examine ultrastructural changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was a qualitative descriptive hospital-based study on the ultrastructure of the TM. Pure TM samples were collected after microincisional trabeculectomy from 26 patients with primary or secondary glaucoma and 10 control samples from eye bank donor corneas. SEM was used to analyze structural changes in the TM beams, corneoscleral meshwork (CSM), and juxtacanalicular (JCT) regions. Morphological features were compared between groups and …

Longitudinal changes in optical coherence tomography angiography before and after surgery for acute primary angle closure glaucoma.

PURPOSE: This study explored changes in retinal microvasculature in patients with Acute Primary Angle Closure (APAC) before and after surgery, assessing their correlation with variations in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, while also examining the effects of acute intraocular pressure elevation on ocular microvasculature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective longitudinal study that assessed 22 APAC eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy, along with 22 healthy fellow eyes. Optic…

Cytomegalovirus Corneal Endotheliitis After Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to present a unique case of acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) with a delayed diagnosis and prolonged usage of glucocort … the patient's left-eye condition continued to worsen, leading to a combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy in the left eye, as well as supplementary Ahmed valve drainage. RESULTS: Following four surgical procedures and subsequent follow-up, the patient's left-corneal graft remained clear, intraocular pressure was well-regulated, the eye was preserved, a …

Trends in glaucoma surgery in a tertiary hospital in Spain: 2010-2022.

ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct an analysis glaucoma surgeries performed over a 13-year period at a tertiary hospital affiliated with th … included in the analysis, comprising 9428 isolated cataract surgeries and 2975 glaucoma procedures. Trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage devices (GDD), and cyclodestruction, collectively referred to as traditional surgery, demonstrated a decline from 93.2% to 23.6% over the study duration. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) and minimally invasive bleb surge …

Evaluation of expression pattern of cellular miRNAs (let-7b, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-34a, miR-181a-5p) and IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a critical clinical and biological extracellular matrix systemic disorder. Despite the unknown nature of PEX etiopathogenesis, it is proven to be associated with various genes and factors. The present research focused on analyzing the expression of miR and inflammatory cytokines in PEX. Serum and aqueous humor (AH) were collected prior to cataract surgery or trabeculectomy from 99 participants (64 with PEX glaucoma, and 35 controls). Real-time PCR was used for assessing the expression pattern of some miRNAs namely let-7b, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-34a, and miR-1…

RARE CASE OF ABIOTROPHIA DEFECTIVA BLEB-ASSOCIATED ENDOPHTHALMITIS.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of Abiotrophia defectiva bleb-associated endophthalmitis. METHODS: In this case report of a patient with bleb-associated endophthalmitis, the authors describe the features of severe and rapid onset, associated retinitis, and a favorable outcome after aggressive early intervention. RESULTS: A 75-year-old woman presented decreased visual acuity of hand motions with an elevated intraocular pressure of 39 mmHg in the left eye. Her ocular history was notable for severe primary open-angle glaucoma with uneventful trabeculectomy and cataract surgery in both eyes 7 yea…

Intra-operative challenges encountered using the zepto nano-pulse precision capsulotomy device.

PURPOSE: The Zepto nano-pulse precision capsulotomy is a novel device for capsulorhexis formation during cataract surgery. Few complications … stoperatively. CASE 2 - A 66-year-old female with secondary cataract from chronic inflammation post trabeculectomy for advanced POAG. During a planned phacoemulsification procedure, despite synechialysis for the 360° posterior synechiae, the iris tissue was sucked into the suction cup of the Zepto device and became incarcerated over the lens. The procedure was c …

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy with irido-zonulo-hyaloidotomy for malignant glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy with irido-zonulo-hyaloidotomy (IZH) for fluid misdirection syndrome (FM … 4 years [39-90] with a majority of women (58.3%). Prior surgeries at the time of FMS diagnosis were trabeculectomy (4 eyes) and non-perforating deep sclerectomy (2 eyes). At presentation, mean IOP was 38.2±9.8mmHg, which decreased to 17.9±7.7mmHg (P<0.0001) at final follow-up (mean follow-up of 4.9±4.3 months). Complete success was achieved in 6 eyes (50%) and q …

Posterior Microphthalmos Pigmentary Retinopathy Syndrome with Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Case Report.

PURPOSE: To describe a particular form of posterior microphthalmos pigmentary retinopathy syndrome (PMPRS) with an atypical clinical present … combined surgery with phacoemulsification - anterior vitrectomy - intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy was performed in both eyes with a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In its typical forms, PMPR syndrome is an association of nanophthalmos - RP - foveoschisis and optic nerve head (ONH) drusen. Incomplete phenotypes may lack ONH drusen or foveosch …

Canaloplasty - Efficacy and Safety in an 18-Month Follow Up Period, and Analysis of Outcomes in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Pigmentary Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma.

PURPOSE: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG), accounting for 90% of all glaucoma cases, is a progressive optic nerve neuropathy. It may lead to irreversible loss of visual field and complete blindness. When conservative treatment becomes insufficient to stop OAG progression, a surgical intervention is considered. Currently, canaloplasty procedure is being introduced instead of conventional trabeculectomy for invasive OAG treatment. The aim of the study is to asses safety and efficacy of canaloplasty. METHODS: This prospective study included 67 eyes that received 360° canaloplasty with placement of a te…

Investigation of the Sectorized Corneal Thickness of Eyes With Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction Using Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the sectorized corneal thickness of eyes with corneal endothelial dysfunction using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. METHODS: We retrospectively collected anterior-segment optical coherence tomography data conducted before endothelial keratoplasty on 53 eyes of 53 patients with corneal endothelial dysfunctions including Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, bullous keratopathy (BK) after trabeculectomy, and BK after laser iridotomy and from 18 normal eyes of 18 subjects. The imaging points were divided into 17 sectors. The mean fo…

Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: A Review of Schlemm's Canal-Based Procedures.

Microinvasive glaucoma surgery has gained popularity over the past decade. It can be performed using three different mechanisms. In the pres … ioscopic tools necessary for an ab-interno approach and explored incision canal surgery: ab-interno trabeculectomy using different instrumentation (Trabectome®, Kahook Dual Blade) and variations of the technique. Thereafter, we discussed ab-interno canaloplasty, explaining the technique and reviewing its effectiveness. Finally, we presented the scope for future …

Histopathology, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and alpha smooth muscle actin expression in Tenon's capsule of eyes with congenital glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrastructural features of collagen fibrils, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the Tenon's capsule of buphthalmic eyes. METHODS: A prospective comparative case series study was conducted on 35 buphthalmic eyes vs 25 control eyes. Children with congenital glaucoma (CG) who underwent a combined trabeculectomy-trabeculotomy procedure with mitomycin C (CTTM); the Tenon's capsule was obtained during the surgical procedure. The control group included children with strabismus, the Tenon's capsule was obtained in the course of…

One-year outcome of low dose laser cyclophotocoagulation for capsular tension ring-induced malignant glaucoma: A case report.

RATIONALE: Malignant glaucoma is a refractory glaucoma which often relentlessly worsened despite conventional therapy. Ultrasonographic biom … ith combined phacoemulsification and capsular tension ring implantation. She subsequently underwent trabeculectomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure on maximal medical therapy. One day later, the patient presented as shallow anterior chamber of Shaffer grade 1 and an elevated intraocular pressure of 51.0 mmHg in the right eye. DIAGNOSIS: Ciliary block cause …

CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES OF CURVULARIA ENDOPHTHALMITIS AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical presentation and management of Curvularia endophthalmitis and compare with previous published literature. … 1 years (median 30 years). Inciting event was open-globe injury in five cases and cataract surgery, trabeculectomy, and endogenous cause in one case each. Presenting visual acuity was ≥20/400 in 3 cases at presentation and 5 cases at the last visit. One case with staphyloma and endophthalmitis underwent evisceration for a painful blind eye. The patients in the c …

Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency After Glaucoma Surgery.

PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical presentation of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) associated with glaucoma surgeries. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with LSCD and glaucoma who presented to the Stein Eye Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, between 2009 and 2018. Patients who underwent trabeculectomy and/or aqueous shunt surgery were included. The severity of LSCD was staged using global consensus guidelines and a clinical scoring system, and basal epithelial cell density was measured by in vivo confocal microscopy. Anatomic locatio…

Surgical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in patients with glaucoma secondary to iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve im … tion may be given to aqueous shunt surgery in patients with glaucoma secondary to ICE syndrome when trabeculectomy fails.

Penetrating deep sclerectomy in primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of a new antiglaucoma surgical method, a modification of the standard deep sclerectomy, the penetrating de … ical procedure, all eyes underwent the proposed penetrating deep sclerectomy (deep sclerectomy plus trabeculectomy) with the use of mitomycin C applied intraoperatively (0.2 mg/mL for 2 min). The follow-up period was 3 years. Ocular examination was conducted before the operation and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The average red …

Clinicopathologic Examination of Translucent Refractile Intraluminal Tissue Coagulum From the Proximal Tube of a Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Device.

PURPOSE: To describe an unusual case of glaucoma drainage tube blockage. PATIENTS: A 76-year-old woman presented with left endothelial graft failure. Her previous ocular history included primary open-angle glaucoma diagnosed for 15 years and Fuch's endothelial dystrophy. Three years before presentation, the left eye required a Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty followed by a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and subsequent Baerveldt tube insertion 3 years previously. Intraocular pressures were right 9 and left 19 mm Hg. The endothelial graft demonstrated supra-temporal edema, in proxim…