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IFN-I-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming Drives Myeloid-Skewed Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Neutrophils and monocytes are persistently elevated in sickle cell anemia (SCA), yet the intrinsic mechanisms driving pathological myelopoie … ommitment of hematopoietic stem cells. SCA progenitors further exhibit unexpected responsiveness to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) through upregulation of CSF3R, resulting in skewed myelopoiesis toward the monocytic lineage. Importantly, hydroxyurea treatment attenuates IFN-I signaling in neutrophils, consistent with its therapeutic role in reducing excessive inflammati …

RXR agonist increases newly characterized GM-CSF-producing B220+CD8αα intraepithelial T cells.

Context-dependent cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis and exacerbating inflammation. Although multiple cell types produce GM-CSF in the gut, whether intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) contribute to GM-CSF production during the steady state remains unclear. In the small intestinal epithelial layer, we identified B220-expressing CD8αα+ T cells that selectively produced GM-CSF but not interleukin-17A or interferon-γ. Transcriptional analysis combined with weighted parametric gene set analysis revealed

Febrile neutropenia in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab.

We describe a case of febrile neutropenia in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, occurring after 36 cycles of nivolumab therapy. A bone marrow aspirate was performed which showed myeloid maturation arrest without a clear alternative cause, supporting an immune-mediated mechanism. The patient responded well to broad-spectrum antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with successful rechallenge until other immune-related toxicities led to discontinuation. While uncommon, haematological immune-related adverse events are potentially life-threatening, with neu…

SRP54-related congenital neutropenia: a multidisciplinary effort.

A previously healthy Caucasian man in his 30s presented with a 9-week history of productive cough, fever and dyspnoea, initially treated as pneumonia with transient improvement. Examination revealed coarse right-sided crepitations and finger clubbing. Laboratory testing demonstrated persistent severe neutropenia and elevated inflammatory markers, while imaging showed persistent right middle lobe consolidation. Further history revealed recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhoea and poor dentition since childhood, with medical records showing possible neutrophil migration defect. The patient re

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemmas in Recurrent Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis After Bilateral Lung Transplantation.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) dependent lung disease treated primarily with whole-lung lavage (WLL); recurrence after lung transplantation is uncommon and poorly characterised. We present a 73-year-old Hispanic man with PAP who developed recurrent disease more than 3 years after bilateral lung transplantation. High-resolution CT showed evolving ground-glass opacities and crazy-paving, and anti-GM-CSF antibodies were positive, yet repeated bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies were initially PAS-negative. Co

Re-evaluating absolute neutrophil count thresholds: Duffy-null-associated neutrophil count in cancer treatment.

The Duffy-null phenotype is associated with fewer circulating blood neutrophils. This phenomenon, termed Duffy-null-associated neutrophil count (DANC), is common among individuals of African and Middle Eastern ancestry. Despite growing evidence that DANC does not increase the risk of infectious complications, oncology treatment protocols often rely on standardised absolute neutrophil count (ANC) thresholds to guide chemotherapy dosing and clinical trial candidacy. This reliance risks inappropriate dose reductions or treatment delays in patients with DANC. We present a patient with DANC and hig

Phase 1 trial of venetoclax with cladribine, cytarabine, G-CSF, and mitoxantrone for AML and high-grade myeloid neoplasm.

Intensifying induction by combining venetoclax with a high-dose cytarabine regimen may improve outcomes for high-risk populations such as adult patients with adverse-risk newly diagnosed or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. In a phase 1 trial testing the novel combination of venetoclax and CLAG-M (cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], and mitoxantrone), the maximum tolerated dose was venetoclax 400 mg on days 1 through 14, combined with cladribine 5 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5, cytarabine 1.5 g/m2 on days 1 through 5, G-CSF 5 μg/kg on days 0 through 5, a…

Conditioning Regimen Options.

In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the conditioning regimen plays a crucial role in the transplantation proc … nors. In haploidentical transplantation, the mainstream non-T cell depletion protocols included the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy)-based strategies. In hematologic non-malignancies such as aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, and thalassemia, the tailored conditioning regimens are crucial f …

Prolonged Cytopenia with CAR-T Cell Therapy and Management Recommendations.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Prolonged cytopenias, though poorly understood, have emerged as important considerations in the treatment process. In this review, we classified cytopenias into early (< 30 days post CAR T infusion), and late-occurring (after day 30 post infusion). We identified previous chemotherapy and lymphodepletion chemotherapy as the major risk factors contributing to early cytopenia. Product characteristics, such as costimulatory domains, and side effects of therapy such as cytokine release s

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… ANC: Absolute Neutrophil Count; G-CSF: Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor; PJP: Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia; HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus; VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus); CD4: Cluster of Differentiation 4; IgG: Immunoglobulin G *Monitor for Iron Overload and or volume overload as a possible complication … Spontaneous splenic rupture in a healthy allogeneic donor of peripheral-blood stem cell following the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf). A case report and review of the literature. Nuamah N. M., Goker H., Kilic Y. A.., et al. 2006Haematologica. 91(5 Suppl):Ecr08. …

Cardioprotective Effect of Pegfilgrastim on Chemotherapy-induced Cardiotoxicity in Preoperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Chemotherapy for breast cancer, particularly with anthracyclines and trastuzumab, is known to induce cardiotoxicity. Pegfilgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analog used to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, has shown potential myocardial protective effects. This study investigated pegfilgrastim's effect on preoperative chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy from 2010 to 2019 and whose cardiac function was evaluated before and after chemotherapy. All patien…

IFN-I-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming Drives Myeloid-skewed Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Neutrophils and monocytes are persistently elevated in sickle cell anemia (SCA), yet the intrinsic mechanisms driving pathological myelopoie … ommitment of hematopoietic stem cells. SCA progenitors further exhibit unexpected responsiveness to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) through upregulation of CSF3R, resulting in skewed myelopoiesis toward the monocytic lineage. Importantly, hydroxyurea treatment attenuates IFN-I signaling in neutrophils, consistent with its therapeutic role in reducing excessive inflammati …

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that improved after a COVID-19 infection: a case report.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of abnormal surfactant in the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange. A 54-year-old woman presented with intermittent wheezing who developed increasing infiltrates gradually on chest CT, was diagnosed with PAP in our department in December 2017. She then underwent granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation therapy for three months without improvement. Regular follow-up imaging and pulmonary function tests suggested disease progression. However, the patient declined whole-lung lavage (

Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Triggered by Salazosulfapyridine in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.

A 91-year-old woman diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in her 40s achieved disease stabilization after salazosulfapyridine (SASP) treatment. In May 2025, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening, presenting a crazy-paving pattern. She was diagnosed with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) based on positive serum anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive fluid accumulation in the alveoli identified on transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Th

Case Report of Rare, Extensive, and Resistant Pyoderma Gangrenosum Treated Successfully With GCSF.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, noninfectious, autoimmune neutrophilic dermatosis comprising significant diagnostic and therapeutic cha … d an underlying genetic predisposition. Remarkably, the patient showed significant improvement with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) therapy, which is not a standard treatment for PG. The successful use of GCSF in this case highlights its potential as an additive or alternative therapy for refractory PG, likely due to its ability to enhance neutrophil function, modulate im …

Methimazole-Induced Pancytopenia in a Patient with Graves' Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Methimazole is an antithyroid drug known to cause hematological toxicity, including agranulocytosis and, very rarely, pancytop … the discontinuation of methimazole and initiation of antibiotics. Due to persistent neutropenia, a Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was administered. Eight days later, she developed pancytopenia and was managed with hematopoietic agents and platelet transfusions. The patient recovered with normalization of the blood count, eliminating the need for Bone Marrow (BM) examin …

Rapidly Progressive Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Following Cryptococcal Infection: Case Report and Literature Review.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease caused by accumulation of sediment within alveoli. Cryptococcosis a fungal infection typically presenting with central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary disease. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies are associated with PAP and elevated risk of cryptococcosis. The usual interval from cryptococcal infection to the onset of PAP spans several years. Here, we describe a case of a 24-year-old Aboriginal Australian woman with no prior medical history, who presented with seizures from CNS cryptococcosis, and subsequently de

Myeloid Cell-Triggered In Situ Cell Engineering for Robust Vaccine-Based Cancer Treatment.

Following the success of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, the cell-based tumor vaccine shows its promise as a vaccination strategy. Except for DC cells, targeting other immune cells, especially myeloid cells, is expected to address currently unmet clinical needs (e.g., tumor types, safety issues such as cytokine storms, and therapeutic benefits). Here, it is shown that an in situ injected macroporous myeloid cell adoptive scaffold (MAS) not only actively delivers antigens (Ags) that are triggered by scaffold-infiltrating cell surface thiol groups but also releases granulocyte-macrophage colony

Moxibustion combined with guasha therapy for recurrent neutropenia following multiple cycles of chemotherapy of ovarian cancer: A case report.

Neutropenia, a common side effect of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, was observed in a 47-year-old female patient undergoing a six-cycle chemotherapy regimen. She experienced recurrent neutropenia and leukopenia but refused granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) due to severe bone pain and high costs. Moxibustion combined with guasha therapy (MGT) was administered each time neutropenia occurred. The treatment involved guasha therapy on the bladder meridian (BL) and the governor vessel (GV), followed by moxibustion at Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), and Shenzhu (GV 12) points over 2-…

A rare case of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in a bone marrow transplant recipient on VV-ECMO.

A 53-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from a matched unrelated donor. One month after his transplantation, he developed ARDS requiring initiation of VV-ECMO. He suffered from pancytopenia, managed with frequent transfusions, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and weekly thrombopoietin receptor agonist. On ECMO day 17, the patient developed severe hypotension after insertion of a chest tube for a large right-sided pneumothorax. CT angiography of the abdomen showed hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed approx

Filgrastim Use in the Treatment of Azathioprine-Induced Myelosuppression Toxicity After Prescription Error in the Feline.

Only one report on the successful use of filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in cats for severe neutropenia following azathioprine toxicity exists. Here, we report on a case in which a cat was prescribed methimazole but the medication was filled incorrectly with azathioprine tablets and the prescription label indicated a methimazole dosing regimen that was administered for three days before recognition of the error. On presentation, the cat's physical examinations were consistent with previous examinations before ingestion of azathioprine. A complete blood cell count revealed ne…