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Advances in Oncohematology Immunotherapy: Monoclonal Antibodies and CAR T-Cell Therapies.

The role of immunotherapy in oncohematology is well established. Monoclonal antibodies have undergone substantial development in recent years, targeting a wide range of molecules (including surface antigens, immune checkpoints, and cytokines) and have demonstrated clinical utility across various hematologic malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. The emergence of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has provided an additional and promising therapeutic option. This rapidly evolving field continues to expand therap

Escaping Antiangiogenic Therapy: Strategies Employed by Cancer Cells.

Tumor angiogenesis is widely recognized as one of the "hallmarks of cancer". Consequently, during the last decades the development and testing of commercial angiogenic inhibitors has been a central focus for both basic and clinical cancer research. While antiangiogenic drugs are now incorporated into standard clinical practice, as with all cancer therapies, tumors can eventually become resistant by employing a variety of strategies to receive nutrients and oxygen in the event of therapeutic assault. Herein, we concentrate and review in detail three of the principal mechanisms of antiangiogenic

Treatment of Cancer Pain by Targeting Cytokines.

Inflammation is one of the most important causes of the majority of cancer symptoms, including pain, fatigue, cachexia, and anorexia. Cancer pain affects 17 million people worldwide and can be caused by different mediators which act in primary efferent neurons directly or indirectly. Cytokines can be aberrantly produced by cancer and immune system cells and are of particular relevance in pain. Currently, there are very few strategies to control the release of cytokines that seems to be related to cancer pain. Nevertheless, in some cases, targeted drugs are available and in use for other diseas

Synergistic immunotherapy targeting cancer-associated anemia: prospects of a combination strategy.

Cancer-associated anemia promotes tumor progression, leads to poor quality of life in patients with cancer, and even obstructs the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. However, the precise mechanism for cancer-associated anemia remains unknown and the feasible strategy to target cancer-associated anemia synergizing immunotherapy needs to be clarified. Here, we review the possible mechanisms of cancer-induced anemia regarding decreased erythropoiesis and increased erythrocyte destruction, and cancer treatment-induced anemia. Moreover, we summarize the current paradigm for cancer-as

Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia; epidemiology, clinical management, outcomes and knowledge gaps.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an acquired hemolytic disorder, mediated by auto-antibodies, and has a variable clinical course ranging from fully compensated low grade hemolysis to severe life-threatening cases. The rarity, heterogeneity and incomplete understanding of severe AIHA complicate the recognition and management of severe cases. In this review, we describe how severe AIHA can be defined and what is currently known of the severity and outcome of AIHA. There are no validated predictors for severe clinical course, but certain risk factors for poor outcomes (hospitalisation, trans

Mechanisms inducing low bone density in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans.

Patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and dystrophic MDX mice were investigated in this study for their bone phenotype and systemic regulators of bone turnover. Micro-computed tomographic (µCT) and histomorphometric analyses showed reduced bone mass and higher osteoclast and bone resorption parameters in MDX mice compared with wild-type mice, whereas osteoblast parameters and mineral apposition rate were lower. In a panel of circulating pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines evaluated in the MDX sera, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was increased compared with wild-type mice. Likewise, DMD patie

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 are produced by diseased and regenerating skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve. 1996;19:1291–1301. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199610)19:10<1291::AID-MUS6>3.0.CO;2-9. 42. Pfeilshifter J, Koditz R, Pfohl M, Schatz H. …

Current Knowledge of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely adopted in the treatment of malignant tumors, and their durable antitumor effects have revolutionized cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thrombocytopenia (ICIIT) represents a rare but potentially severe or even fatal hematologic toxicity associated with immunotherapy. Therefore, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to recognize this potential adverse event and to understand its identification and management. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICIIT remain incompletely understood, and both its diag

Hemostasis at the edge between physiology and cancer.

Hemostasis lies at the edge between physiology and cancer, where the coagulation cascade-initiated by tissue factor, thrombin generation, and fibrin deposition-shifts from vascular repair to tumor promotion. The interplay between coagulation and cancer is now recognized as a two-way street, with tumor cells activating the clotting system and coagulation components feeding back to promote malignancy. Tumor cells not only foster proliferation and invasion by overexpressing tissue factor and activating Protease-Activated Receptors (PAR1/PAR2) signalling, but they also induce endothelial cells and

Ex vivo drug response heterogeneity reveals personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy defined by complex genetics and extensive patient heterogeneity. Despite a growing arsenal of approved therapies, MM remains incurable and in need of guidelines to identify effective personalized treatments. Here, we survey the ex vivo drug and immunotherapy sensitivities across 101 bone marrow samples from 70 patients with MM using multiplexed immunofluorescence, automated microscopy and deep-learning-based single-cell phenotyping. Combined with sample-matched genetics, proteotyping and cytokine profiling, we map the molecular regulatory netwo

The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.

First-in-class (FIC) oncology drugs-defined by their novel mechanisms of action or targeting of previously unaddressed molecular targets-have emerged as a leading force in cancer therapeutic innovation. In this Review, we delineate the global landscape of FIC oncology drug approvals between 2009 and 2024 and analyze the evolving characteristics of both approved FIC therapies and potential FIC (PFIC) candidates in clinical development. To clarify the underlying dynamics of this evolution, we construct an analytic framework encompassing four distinct archetypes of FIC development: new targets, n

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the cancer patient: from diabetes to cardioprotection and beyond.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a new drug class initially designed and approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus, have been shown to exert pleiotropic metabolic and direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that extend beyond their glucose-lowering action. These properties prompted their use in two frequently intertwined conditions, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Their unique mechanism of action makes SGLT2i an attractive option also to lower the rate of cardiac events and improve overall survival of oncological patients with preexisting cardiovascu

Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment.

Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate cancer cells. The successful application of IgG monoclonal antibodies has inspired the development of various types of therapeutic antibodies, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibody derivatives (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates and immunocytokines). The miniaturization and multifunctionalization of antibodies are flexible and viable strategies for diagnosing or treating malignant tumors in a complex t

Advances in the delivery of anticancer drugs by nanoparticles and chitosan-based nanoparticles.

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally, and conventional treatments have limited efficacy with severe side effects. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to reduce the side effects of drugs by creating efficient and controlled anticancer drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug protection, biodistribution, selectivity and, pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review is devoted to various organic (lipid, polymeric) as well as inorganic nanoparticles based on different building units and providing a wide range of

Polymorphisms of Antigen-Presenting Machinery Genes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Different Impact on Disease Risk and Clinical Parameters in Smokers and Never-Smokers.

Lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking; nevertheless some never-smokers develop cancer. Immune eradication of cancer cells is dependent on polymorphisms of HLA class I molecules and antigen-processing machinery (APM) components. We have already published highly significant associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ERAP1 gene with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese, but not in Polish populations. However, the smoking status of participants was not known in the previous study. Here, we compared the distribution of APM polymorphic variants in larg

Практические рекомендации в отношении инфекционных профилактических мероприятий и вакцинации нескольких пациентов, страдающих миэломой.

Инфекции по-прежнему являются одной из основных причин заболеваемости и смертности во множестве миеломы (ММ), обусловленной взаимосвязью между иммунной дисфункцией, вызванной болезнями, и иммунодепрессией, связанной с лечением. Внедрение протеазных ингибиторов, иммуномодуляционных препаратов, моноклонных антител, биконкретных антител и химеорической антигенной рецепторной терапии Т (CAR-T) заметно улучшило выживание при одновременном изменении ландшафта инфекционных рисков. Различные стратегии обращения ставят под угрозу иммунитет в рамках различных механизмов. Обычная химиотерапия и некоторые

Cancer metastasis to the bone: Mechanisms and animal models (Review).

The majority of cancer-related deaths result from tumor metastasis, with bone metastasis occurring in almost all types of malignant tumors. Understanding the mechanism by which tumors metastasize to bone is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. A large amount of research has been carried out using animal models, and these models have been crucial in advancing the fundamental understanding of cancer. However, current models are limited; although they can mimic specific stages of the metastatic process, they are not able to replicate the entire process from tumorigenesis

Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy and Its Regulation by Cannabinoids in Cancer.

Autophagy is a "self-degradation" process whereby malfunctioned cytoplasmic constituents and protein aggregates are engulfed by a vesicle called the autophagosome, and subsequently degraded by the lysosome. Autophagy plays a crucial role in sustaining protein homeostasis and can be an alternative source of energy under detrimental circumstances. Studies have demonstrated a paradoxical function for autophagy in cancer, displaying both tumour suppressive and tumour promotive roles. In early phases of tumour development autophagy promotes cancer cell death. In later phases, autophagy enables canc

Митохондриальная передача метаболических перепрограмм и лекарственная устойчивость в метастазе костей: механизмы и терапевтические стратегии.

Кость это one из наиболее распространенных участков удаленного метастаза в твердых опухолях, в частности рак груди, рак простаты и рак легких. Метатические повреждения костей часто свидетельствуют о стойком сопротивлении многосистемной терапии, включая химиотерапию, целевую терапию, эндокринную терапию и ингибиторы иммунных контрольно-пропускных пунктов (ИПК). Накопляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что метаболическая перепрограммирование в пределах костной микроокружающей среды способствует этому сопротивлению, однако механизмы в верхнем течении по-прежнему недостаточно понятны. В качеств

Review: progression and heterogeneity of multiple sources of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is often a neglected autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the joints leading to pain, swelling and restricted movement, particularly affecting specific population groups and severely reducing the quality of life of patients. Certain risk factors (smoking, diet, infections) contribute to the increased prevalence of the disease in patients, with targeted interventions to alleviate symptoms. Due to the complexity of current medications and the lack of a systematic approach to decision-making, Mesenchymal stromal cells therapy has become increasi

The role of heat shock protein 90 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) and its isoforms are a group of homodimeric proteins that regulate several cellular processes, such as the elimination of misfolded proteins, cell development and post-translational modifications of kinase proteins and receptors. Due to its involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis, HSP 90 has been investigated as a key player in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and deadly interstitial lung disease, due to the progressive distortion of lung parenchyma