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Diphallia in a mixed-breed dog with multiple anomalies.

Complete diphallia was detected in a six-month-old Poodle cross dog. Duplication of the urinary bladder, right renal hypoplasia, bifurcation of the descending colon and bilateral cryptorchidism were also present. The left urethra was patent, and emptied the left urinary bladder; the right urethra ended blindly at a point 2.5 cm from the tip of the right penis. The left urinary bladder was joined medially to a right urinary bladder with no interbladder communication; however, the right bladder opened caudally into a blind sac which drained into the left prostatic urethra. Pyelonephritis of the

Slow and steady wins the race: The behaviour and welfare of commercial faster growing broiler breeds compared to a commercial slower growing breed.

Broilers have been bred for fast growth which has led to welfare problems such as high mortality, lameness and skin lesions. Slower growing breeds are thought to have better welfare but are not as efficient in production. This study investigated welfare, behaviour, production and meat quality of faster growing broilers from three main commercial broiler companies (breeds FA, FB and FC) with a commercially available slower growing breed (Hubbard JA757, S). Four hundred birds of each breed (total 1600 birds) were reared in pens of 50 birds, 8 per breed (total 32 pens). Home pen behaviour was rec

Determinants of the annual pattern of reproduction in mature male Merino and Suffolk sheep: responses to a nutritional stimulus in the breeding and non-breeding seasons.

This study was designed to test whether an acute improvement in diet would increase gonadotrophin secretion and testicular growth in strongly photoperiod-responsive Suffolk rams and weakly photoperiod-responsive Merino rams in both the breeding (February-March) and the non-breeding (July-August) seasons. Mature rams (n = 5 or 6) of these breeds were fed a maintenance diet (0.9 kg chaff + 100 g lupin grain) or the same diet supplemented with 1.5 kg lupin grain for 42 days in each season. Lupin grain is a rich source of both energy and protein. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle…

Mitogenomic sequencing of the Brazilian Mastiff and Brazilian Terrier suggests a complex scenario of breed formation for two established Brazilian dog breeds.

Brazil has two dog breeds recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale: the Brazilian Terrier and the Brazilian Mastiff. The Brazilian Terrier is believed to descend from Jack Russell Terriers crossed with local strays and possibly Pinschers, while the Brazilian Mastiff is thought to have originated from crosses involving English Mastiffs, Bloodhounds, and English Bulldogs. Here, we partially sequenced the genomes of one pedigree-certified individual from each breed using Illumina HiSeq. We assembled and annotated their complete mitochondrial genomes and performed comparative phylog

Whole-genome resequencing revealed genetic structure and specific breed identification loci of Ningxia Jingyuan chicken breed (Gallus gallus).

BACKGROUND: Jingyuan (JY) chicken breed is one of the Chinese regional livestock and poultry genetic resources protection breeds raised in Ningxia, China. The phenotypic characteristics of JY chickens, such as feather color, skin color, and meat quality, exhibit distinct local traits, but the genetic foundation remains unclear. RESULTS: This study utilized whole-genome resequencing to analyze the genetic structure, genome diversity, selection signals, and genes associated with meat quality, growth and development of the Ningxia JY chicken breed. The results showed that JY chicken exhibited a

Sugarcane viral diseases: Epidemiology, detection, and advanced breeding methods for resistance.

Sugarcane viruses threaten yield and sucrose content, imposing substantial global economic losses. This review provides current knowledge on … gement strategies that include virus-free planting material, vector control, sanitation, and modern breeding technologies, like RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR/Cas genome editing, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and genome wide association studies (GWAS) within genomic selection (GS) frameworks. We also consider supplementary strategies such as plant-deri …

Genetic dissection of the eggplant rhizosphere microbiome enables microbiome-assisted breeding.

Rhizosphere microbiome critically influences plant growth and health, yet the genetic mechanisms underlying host regulation of microbiome composition remain unclear. Here, we analyzed whole-genome genotype and 16S rhizosphere microbiome data from 432 globally sourced eggplant accessions (Solanum melongena L.). Eggplant population structure corresponded to geographic origins, with rhizosphere microbiomes varying significantly among subpopulations. Host genetics explains 9%-39% of the variation in individual microbial taxa abundance, with core taxa more affected by host genetic variation. Microb

From feasibility to predictability: prime editing redefines precision breeding in plants.

Originally developed in mammalian systems as a genome editing strategy without double-strand breaks, prime editing (PE) has been adapted for … ery strategies. These advances position PE as a rapidly evolving platform toward enabling precision breeding in plants.

A Multi-Gene Matrix for Precision Breeding of Rice Grain Quality.

Rice grain quality is governed by a network of interacting loci, which makes the simultaneous improvement of several grading indices difficult. We phenotyped 240 indica accessions for 12 quality traits and graded six core indices-head rice rate, chalkiness degree, transparency, amylose content, gel consistency, and alkali spreading value-against the Chinese national standard NY/T 593-2021. Pairwise correlations resolved the traits into grain-shape, chalkiness, and starch clusters and quantified the trade-offs between them. KASP markers for GS3, GW5, Chalk5, Wx, and ALK were then used to test e

Reverse Breeding: A Breakthrough Technique for Genetic Fixation and Hybrid Reconstruction.

Reverse breeding (RB), a novel plant breeding approach, helps to identify the parental homozygous lines for any uncharacterized but useful heterozygous plant that a plant breeder needs utmost. For this, genetic engineering at meiotic cell division, particularly meiosis-I, must achieve the right combination and complement homozygous parental lines for recreating the desired hybrid. In this technology, meiotic cross-over is suppressed to stop the recombination at the chromosome level in the selected heterozygous plants. The success of RB in crops depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of do…

Complex breeding phenological shifts of neotropical birds across space and time.

Climate change is altering breeding phenology patterns in different ways across regions, periods and species. We examined spatial and temporal variation in the breeding phenology of four Neotropical birds, specifically testing whether the magnitude of phenological shifts increases with distance from the equator, as previously reported for Northern Hemisphere species. We used data from 1310 clutches from Pitangus sulphuratus, Zonotrichia capensis, Tyrannus savana and Troglodytes aedon, spanning 1901-2020 and latitudes 32°N to -54°S. Breeding dates were analysed in relation to time, latitude and…

Screening and ARTP mutagenesis-based breeding of high-cellulase-producing strains.

While lignocellulose is an abundant renewable resource, the discovery of microorganisms capable of degrading lignocellulose is important for its full utilization. In this study, 26 soil samples were collected from Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang, China. The Congo red staining method was used to isolate strains capable of degrading lignocellulose from the soil samples. A strain W-6-1, isolated from the soil samples was able to effectively degrade lignocellulose, with the filter paper activity (FPA) in the fermentation broth reaching 3.34 ± 0.32 U/mL. Integrating morphological traits

Anthropogenic bottom-up and top-down impacts on boreal breeding waterbirds.

Wetland habitats are changing under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Nutrient leakage and pollution modify physico-chemical state of wetlands and affect the ecosystem through bottom-up processes, while alien predators affect the ecosystems in a top-down manner. Boreal wetlands are important breeding areas for several waterbird species, the abundances of which potentially reflect both bottom-up and top-down ecosystem processes. Here, we use long-term national monitoring data gathered from c. 130 waterbird breeding sites in Finland from the 1980s to the 2020s. We hypothesised that the physico-c…

Extreme snowstorms lead to large-scale seabird breeding failures in Antarctica.

Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events that negatively impact wildlife, from individuals to whole ecosystems1. In polar environments, such events include heat waves2, anomalous sea ice concentrations3 and storms4. Polar seabirds are adapted to withstand harsh conditions, and although extreme weather events affect their breeding success and other demographic rates, they are thought to affect only a part of the population. Complete breeding failure of an entire population due to extreme environmental conditions is rarely observed5. Here we report how excep…

First Isolation of Brucella canis from a breeding kennel in Italy.

Brucella canis has been isolated for the first time in Italy in a commercial breeding kennel. It was diagnosed after a deep investigation related to the onset of reproductive disorders. Animals were tested with direct and indirect techniques. The agent was first detected in two Chihuahua aborted foetuses by direct culture. Further, it was also isolated from blood samples of dogs hosted in the kennel, which also showed reaction to conventional serological tests (microplate serum agglutination test). The isolates were identified as B. canis by standard microbiological methods and a Bruce‑ladder …

Genetic benefits of genomic selection breeding programmes considering foreign sire contributions.

BACKGROUND: In modern dairy breeding programmes, high contributions from foreign sires are nearly always present. Genotyping, and therefore genomic selection (GS), concern only a subpopulation of the breeding programme's wider dairy population. These features of a breeding programme contribute in different ways to the rate of genetic gain for the wider industry. METHODS: A deterministic recursive gene flow model across subpopulations of animals in a dairy industry was created to predict the commercial performance of replacement heifers and future artificial insemination bulls. Various breedin…

Brucella canis infection in dogs from commercial breeding kennels in Brazil.

Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a neglected zoonosis worldwide and is a leading cause of reproductive failure in dogs, often causing substantial economic losses in breeding kennels. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of B. canis infection in dogs of commercial breeding kennels located in São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 753 dogs (183 males and 570 females) from 38 commercial kennels were clinically examined, and blood samples were collected for brucellosis diagnosis through blood culture. The association between clinical manifestations suggestive of brucellosis an…

Chelonian perivitelline membrane-bound sperm detection: A new breeding management tool.

Perivitelline membrane (PVM)-bound sperm detection has recently been incorporated into avian breeding programs to assess egg fertility, confirm successful copulation, and to evaluate male reproductive status and pair compatibility. Due to the similarities between avian and chelonian egg structure and development, and because fertility determination in chelonian eggs lacking embryonic growth is equally challenging, PVM-bound sperm detection may also be a promising tool for the reproductive management of turtles and tortoises. This study is the first to successfully demonstrate the use of PVM-bo…

Неотропическая приматная питомница в размножении белок-обезьян в Бразилии.

Saimiri () — неотропический примат рода Симиан, образованный в неволе для проведения исследований в области здоровья человека и животных. Они широко используются в исследованиях в области офтальмологии, токсикологии, фармакологии, психиатрии, нейрофизики, вакцин и тестов на наркотики (таких, как малярия и агенты кори), а также оказывают влияние на интерактивное поведение и когницию болезни Креуцфельда-Якоба у человека. Основная задача научно-исследовательских центров нечеловеческого примата (НИП) заключается в создании самоподдерживающихся селекционных колоний, обеспечивающих хорошее качество

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Saimiri (squirrel monkey) is a neotropical primate of the Simian genus that has been bred in captivity for the development of research into … cern of non-human primate (NHP) research centers is focused on the establishment of self-sustaining breeding colonies providing good quality research animals. Maternal rejection, dystocia and pneumonia are the main causes of newborn deaths in these species. Therefore, in order to ensure the survival of these valuable animals, the Laboratory Animals Breedin …