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Yellow fever surveillance challenge: Investigation of a marmoset non-autochthonous case.

Yellow fever (YF) surveillance in Brazil is focused mainly on the detection of epizootic events regarding New World non-human primates (NWNHP). We present a challenging case of a Callitrichidae (Callithrix spp) kept as a domiciliated pet that lived in the urban area of São Paulo municipality and was positive to YF virus by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After investigation, it was the first occurrence of non-autochthonous YF case of NWNHP described, with probable place of infection in the North shore of São Paulo state. This case illustrates the importance of coordinated laboratorial and fi…

Uncovering Hidden Transmission: Active Surveillance Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Yellow Fever Virus in Urban Marmosets in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2024.

Between 2016 and 2018, the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, experienced its most significant yellow fever (YF) outbreak in 80 years. Yellow fever virus (YFV) circulation persisted afterward, with continued non-human primate (NHP) epizootics and, recently, human cases. In June 2024, YFV RNA was detected in a dead marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an urban square in Belo Horizonte (BH), prompting a field investigation in an adjacent park to assess infection in potential mosquito vectors and NHPs. A total of 250 mosquitoes representing nine species were collected at ground and canopy level, of w…

Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Common Marmoset: First Report and a Brief Review of Nonhuman Primate Literature.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant form of urogenital cancer that arises from renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, we describe a case of renal cell carcinoma in a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive reactivity for PAX8 and CD10 in the renal neoplasm. We review 115 cases of spontaneous renal tumors in nonhuman primates (NHP) reported in the literature and from the Southwest National Primate Research Center records. Across all NHPs, malignant renal neoplasms were more frequent than benign. There appears to be a male sex predilection for renal …

Совпадение с вирусом дезинфекции и Желтой лихорадки в неотропическом примате в Бразилии.

Мы описываем естественное примеси с вирусом дезтемпера (CDV) и вирусом желтой лихорадки в свободном неотропическом примате рода Каллитрикс, найденном мертвым в северо-восточной части Бразилии. Лабораторная диагностика включала гистопатологию, иммунохимию, РРТ-ПКР и филогенетические анализы. Последовательность CDV от этого примата в Бразилии представляет собой разную линию в Рио-Гранде-ду-Норте, тесно связанную с генотипами ЕС1/Южная Америка 1 и Южная Америка 2. Насколько нам известно, это первый доклад о естественном инфекции ВИЧ и вируса желтой лихорадки в неотропальном примате, в котором под

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We describe a natural coinfection with canine distemper virus (CDV) and yellow fever virus in a free-ranging neotropical primate of the genus Callithrix, found dead in the northeastern region of Brazil. The laboratory diagnosis included histopathology, immunohistochemistry, rRT-PCR, and phylogenetic analyses. The CDV sequences from this primate in Brazil rep…

Metabolome-wide association study of phenylalanine in plasma of common marmosets.

Little systematic knowledge exists concerning the impacts of cumulative lifelong exposure, termed the exposome, on requirements for nutrient … ites correlating with Phe concentration in plasma of a non-human primate species, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The results of tests for more than 5,000 chemical features detected by high-resolution metabolomics showed 17 positive correlations with Phe metabolites and other amino acids. Positive and negative correlations were also observed for 33 ot …

Analysis of the tumorigenic potential of common marmoset lymphoblastoid cells expressing a constitutively activated c-myc gene.

The respective roles of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and c-myc in the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) are unclear. In order to help resolve the question whether constitutive expression of the c-myc gene in an EBV-immortalised B cell is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype, B cells from a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) were immortalised with EBV, transfected with a constitutively activated c-myc gene and inoculated into the host animals. Despite the cell line transfected with c-myc displaying enhanced growth characteristics, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate…

A real-time, multi-animal model for automatic face detection and identification of freely moving common marmosets based on YOLOv8 algorithms.

Precise and up-to-date information about animal location and identity allows us to better quantify individual behaviors in studies of neural activity, cognition, and animal health. In socially housed laboratory animals, identification is usually defined by observation or invasive markers, making the data collection time-consuming, variable across experimenters, and disruptive to animals. We established an automatic pipeline for real-time identification of common marmosets in captivity using a close-view camera. It uses the supervised deep-learning YOLOv8 model to localize individuals, detect f

In vitro transforming activity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). II. Differences between M81 and B95-8 EBV strains.

Lymphocytes from 38 human cord blood and 9 adult circulating blood were aliquoted and infected in parallel either with the B95-8 EBV strain (produced by cotton-top marmoset lymphocytes transformed by EBV originating from an infectious mononucleosis line) or with the M81 EB virus (produced by callithrix jacchus marmoset lymphocytes transformed by EBV originating from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) derived line). Significant differences were observed in the lymphoblastoid lines obtained and involved cell morphology, cell growth and synthesis of viral antigen. Cord blood lymphocytes infected wi…

Embryonic signals during the peri-implantation period in primates.

During the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in primates, chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) is the first clear signal of the embryo's presence and viability. In the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) implantation begins on Day 11-12 after ovulation and CG is secreted by the embryo from this time. The inner cell mass is necessary for the normal secretion of CG by the trophoblast. Implantation can be disrupted both in vivo and in vitro by antisera to the hCG-beta subunit. The secretion of a platelet activating factor by the preimplantation embryo has yet to be confirmed, as has the physiological funct…

Changes in microglial morphologies during brain aging in common marmosets.

Microglia are critical modulators of neuronal activity, regulating brain function through removal of dying neurons, pruning non-functional synapses, and producing ligands that support neuronal survival. Microglial morphologies change with aging, shifting from a homeostatic, surveillant state (ramified morphology) to a more reactive state (intermediate, amoeboid, and dystrophic morphology). Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are a valuable translational nonhuman primate model for aging, and studies of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease. These small, genetically diverse platyrrhi…

Dynamic vocal learning in adult marmoset monkeys.

Socially mediated vocal plasticity, such as vocal accommodation, is an important mechanism for maintaining social cohesion and coordination in group-living animals. Yet, the cognitive mechanisms underlying vocal accommodation remain poorly understood. Here we scrutinize the temporal dynamics of vocal accommodation in common marmosets by tracking the vocalizations of pairs during the first two months after pair formation. We show that vocal accommodation in marmoset pairs displayed the following properties: (i) bidirectional learning (i.e. both males and females underwent equal amount of vocal

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Marmoset Monkeys.

The use of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) for neuroscientific research has grown markedly in the last decade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a significant role in establishing the extent of comparability of marmoset brain architecture with the human brain and brains of other preclinical species (eg, macaques and rodents). As a non-invasive technique, MRI allows for the flexible acquisition of the same sequences across different species in vivo, including imaging of whole-brain functional topologies not possible with more invasive techniques. Being one of the small…

Susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection.

This study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (PM) from the Neotropical primates: Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Saimiri sciureus, Aotus azarae infulatus and Callimico goeldii to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying AVL. The PM-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the PM-infection index (PMI) at 24, 72 h and by the mean of these rates (FPMI), as well as by the TNF-α,…

Human speech- and reading-related genes display partially overlapping expression patterns in the marmoset brain.

Language is a characteristic feature of human communication. Several familial language impairments have been identified, and candidate genes for language impairments already isolated. Studies comparing expression patterns of these genes in human brain are necessary to further understanding of these genes. However, it is difficult to examine gene expression in human brain. In this study, we used a non-human primate (common marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) as a biological model of the human brain to investigate expression patterns of human speech- and reading-related genes. Expression patterns of s…

Non-invasive measurement of brain damage in a primate model of multiple sclerosis.

Early recognition of whether a product has potential as a new therapy for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) relies upon the quality of the animal models used in the preclinical trials. The promising effects of new treatments in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have rarely been reproduced in patients suffering from MS. EAE in outbred marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus, is a valid new model, and might provide an experimental link between EAE in rodent models and human MS. Using magnetic resonance imaging techniques similar to those used in patients suffering from…

Resting-state functional connectivity of the marmoset claustrum.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been recently developed as a nonhuman primate model useful for studying behaviour, neurology, and higher-level cognitive processes considering their phylogenetic proximity to humans. Here, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the marmoset claustrum, a small, highly connected subcortical structure. Using an open resource of 234 functional MRI scans from awake marmosets, we found claustrum connectivity to the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, temporal cortices, cingulate cortex, sensory cortices, limbic areas…

(-)-OSU 6162 inhibits levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.

We have studied the effects of two D2 dopamine receptor-selective compounds, (-)-OSU 6162 and raclopride, on levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Three monkeys developed a severe parkinsonian syndrome following administration of MPTP. In response to daily levodopa treatment the animals developed reproducible and idiosyncratic peak-dose dyskinesias. Pretreatment with (-)-OSU 6162 and raclopride, in doses increased by multiples of three, both dose-dependently relieved the levodopa-induced dyskinesias. …

Purkinje cells of the cerebellum control deceleration of tongue movements.

We use our tongue much like our hands: to interact with objects and transport them. For example, we use our hands to sense properties of objects and transport them in the nearby space, and we use our tongue to sense properties of food morsels and transport them through the oral cavity. But what does the cerebellum contribute to control of tongue movements? Here, we trained head-fixed marmosets to make skillful tongue movements to harvest food from small tubes that were placed at sharp angles to their mouth. We identified the lingual regions of the cerebellar vermis and then measured the contri

Induction of Anxiety-Like Phenotypes by Knockdown of Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors in the Amygdala of Marmosets.

The amygdala is an important hub for regulating emotions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and mainly functions through the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), which is strongly expressed in the amygdala of non-human primates (NHPs). However, it remains largely unknown how the CB1Rs in the amygdala of NHPs regulate mental diseases. Here, we investigated the role of CB1R by knocking down the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene encoding CB1R in the amygda

Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Duodenal Adenocarcinoma with Pulmonary, Hepatic and Parapatellar Metastases in a Common Marmoset (Callithrixjacchus).

An 11-year-old male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) presented with chronic, progressive weight loss and diarrhoea. Response to treatment with nutritional supplementation, antibiotics and immunosuppressants was modest and transient, and the animal was humanely euthanized. At necropsy, the proximal 8 cm of small intestine was diffusely pale with transmural thickening. The lungs contained coalescing tan, firm nodules measuring up to 4 mm in diameter. Histological examination revealed infiltrative mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with extensive metastases to the lungs, liver and left p…