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Оценка спроса на паллиативный уход у пациентов, не имеющих онкологов, в Чили.

Доступ к паллиативному уходу представляет собой новую глобальную проблему в области здравоохранения. В Чили недавно был принят закон о паллиативном уходе, предусматривающий охват паллиативным уходом неонологического населения. Таким образом, для надлежащего планирования политики в области здравоохранения необходима надежная и законная оценка спроса на паллиативную помощь. Годовая смертность от выявленных заболеваний оценивалась за периоды 2018-2020. Оценка спроса соответствует определению доли умерших пациентов, нуждающихся в паллиативном уходе, исходя из тяжести тяжелых страданий, связанных с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BackgroundAccess to palliative care is an emerging global public health challenge. In Chile, a palliative care law was recently enacted to extend palliative care coverage to the non-oncologic population. Thus, a reliable and legitimate estimate of the demand for palliative care is needed for proper health policy planning.ObjectiveTo estimate the demand for P…

The socioeconomic distribution of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Chile.

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy (LE) has usually been used as a metric to monitor population health. In the last few years, metrics such as Quality-Adjusted-Life-Expectancy (QALE) and Health-Adjusted-Life- Expectancy (HALE) have gained popularity in health research, given their capacity to capture health related quality of life, providing a more comprehensive approach to the health concept. We aimed to estimate the distribution of the LE, QALEs and HALEs across Socioeconomic Status in the Chilean population. METHODS: Based on life tables constructed using Chiang II´s method, we estimated the LE o…

[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in Chile].

BACKGROUND: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPN) are chronic hematological disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more mature myeloid blood cell lineages. Classical Ph-MPN are polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). AIM: To assess the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Ph-MPN in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records of all patients referred as MPN from 2012 to 2017. Patients with (9;21) translocation were excluded. RESULTS: Data of 462 cases with a…

[Cancer in Chile and worldwide: an overview of the current and future epidemiological context].

Cancer is a chronic non-communicable disease associated with a high mortality burden. The prevalence of cancer is increasing rapidly worldwide. However, this scenario will be worse in low and middle-income countries such as Chile, where 70% of cancer deaths occur. The aim of this review was to assess the epidemiological scenario of cancer and its projection for the Chilean population. In Chile, 53,365 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2018, led by prostate, colorectal, breast, stomach, lung and gallbladder cancer. From 1986 to 2016, cancer increased by 109%. When we reviewed mortality by s…

[Environmental factors and cardiopulmonary syndrome due to hanta virus in Chile].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between ambient temperature, relative humidity and particulate matter 2,5 with the number of cases Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in Chile between 2015 and 2017. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study in 197 cases of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome reported and confirmed, occurring between 2015 and 2017 in Chile. RESULTS: Positive and significant relationship was identified between ambient temperature and number of cases of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome and a negative and significant relationship between the number of cases Hantaviru…

[Evaluation of HIV epidemic in Chile. A statement of the Chilean Academy of Medicine].

The Chilean Academy of Medicine convened a commission to evaluate the status of HIV epidemic and the national response to it, regarding its achievements, gaps and challenges, aiming to recommend actions to optimize assessment quality and national response. This publication summarizes the agreed upon opinion of its members. The epidemic is overwhelmingly sexually transmitted, predominant in homo/bisexual men. Vertical transmission is very low. An increasing number of new diagnoses is occurring, with relative over representation of foreign people lately. There is a legal guarantee of confidentia…

Evolution of perinatal outcomes and sociodemographic variables in Chile (1996-2017).

The evolution of birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and gestational age at delivery (GAD) and their correlation with various maternal sociodemographic variables were studied in Chilean newborns from years 1996 to 2017. A slight decrease in the mean values of these perinatal outcomes was observed; however, their risk sub-categories increased significantly, especially for GAD, indicating an important deterioration. GAD was strongly correlated with BW and BL. In the contingency tables, all sociodemographic variables, with the exemption of sex, had a higher proportion of early term 37-38-week a…

[Prevalence and management of condylomas in consulting population in Chile: "DIACON study"].

INTRODUCTION: Condylomas or genital warts (GW) are the most frequently diagnosed sexually transmitted infection (STI) in STI centers in Chile, but there are no population statistics available. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of GW in patients from 18-60 years of age who attend outpatient dermatology, gynecology and urology practice; the demographic characteristics of the patients and the diagnostic and treatment tools. METHODS: A sample of Chilean specialists stratified by region, population and gender of patients was provided with a logbook and answered a questionnaire. RESULTS: The…

The executioner's shadow: Coerced sterilization and the creation of "Latin" eugenics in Chile.

Scholars such as Nancy Leys Stepan, Alexandra Minna Stern, Marius Turda and Aaron Gillette have all argued that the rejection of coerced sterilization was a defining feature of "Latin" eugenic theory and practice. These studies highlight the influence of neo-Lamarckism in this development not only in Latin America but also in parts of Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. This article builds upon this historiographical framework to examine an often-neglected site of Latin American eugenic knowledge production: Chile. By focusing on Chilean eugenicists' understandings of environmen…

[Adolescents' access to contraception: perceptions of health workers in Huechuraba, Chile].

OBJECTIVE: Identify difficulties in adolescents' access to contraceptive care and information, based on perceptions and experiences of health workers in Huechuraba, in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: This qualitative, descriptive study incorporated principles of participatory action research, involving health care teams in the survey and data analysis, and generating proposals for improvement. Seventeen (17) semi-structured individual interviews and one group interview were conducted with professionals and technical personnel involved in adolescent care in the commune's health cent…

Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile.

An outbreak of meningococcal disease with a case-fatality rate of 30% and caused by predominantly serogroup W of Neisseria meningitidis began in Chile in 2012. This outbreak required a case-control study to assess determinants and risk factors for infection. We identified confirmed cases during January 2012-March 2013 and selected controls by random sampling of the population, matched for age and sex, resulting in 135 case-patients and 618 controls. Sociodemographic variables, habits, and previous illnesses were studied. Analyses yielded adjusted odds ratios as estimators of the probability of…

[Some information regarding the historical development of typhoid fever in Chile].

During the historical development of typhoid fever in Chile, its confusion with other infectious diseases is particularly noteworthy, especially with murine typhus, a problem that was mainly resolved during the 1918 epidemic. The importance of chloramphenicol treatment is also highlighted, which meant an enormous improvement in typhoid/paratyphoid fevers, in combination with public health and health education actions that allowed to almost eliminate these infectious diseases in our country.

[Dietary factors associated with daytime somnolence in healthy elderly of Chile].

AIM: To determine the prevalence of mild and excessive somnolence and the associated factors with the presence of daytime sleepiness in the elderly. METHODS: A total of 1780 independent individuals 60 years and older of both sexes (70.9±7.9 years old; females 62%), were included, of which 1704 of them completed all the information. All of them were assessed using an Epworth sleepiness scale (ESE), an Pittsburgh sleep quality index, plus information of cigarettes smoking, dinner time, and an anthropometric evaluation. An ESE score>10 was considered drowsiness and scores>15 excessive or severe

[Vaginal infections in a Family Health Clinic in the Metropolitan Region, Chile].

BACKGROUND: Vaginal infections are a frequent cause for consultation, but their prevalence and etiology vary in different populations. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and etiologies of vaginal infection in women attending a family health center in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: The microbiological diagnosis was made by wet mount and Gram stain. Diagnosis of trichomoniasis was performed by wet mount, culture and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: 101 women aged 15-54, not selected by signs or symptoms of vaginal infection, 46 of them pregnant were included. In 47 women (…

[Epidemiological study of Pediculosis in elementary schools of Arica, northern Chile].

UNLABELLED: Pediculosis is an ectoparasitosis infestation that has not received much attention in northern Chile despite it is a common reoccurring condition among school-age children. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in elementary schools of Arica. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A group of 665 elementary school students from the Province of Arica were screened between August and November 2010; 467 children who met the inclusion criteria were selected. After parents and students signed an informed consent, the diagnosis was carried out …

[Suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders in Chile. A population-based study].

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behavior ranges from ideation to consummation of suicide. In Chile, rates of suicide increased from 4.8 to 12.7/100,000 in the period 1992-2009. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal behavior and its relationship with sociodemographic factors and psychiatric diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), was applied to a representative sample of 2,978 Chilean participants. The prevalence of four suicidal behaviors (thinking about or wishing death, suicide ideation and suicide attempts) and of psychiatric diseases according …

[Alferecía and the first cases of tetanus neonaturum described in Chile in 1894].

Federico Puga Borne presented the first two cases of known Chilean tetanus neonatorum in 1891. These cases had a fatal course, were poorly described and had no necropsy. The presentation was done in a regular session of the Sociéte Scientifique du Chili, founded in 1891 by a French citizen settled in the country, and published in the Actes de la Sociéte Scientifique du Chili. At this time, tetanus had never been seen in a newborn in Chile, while it was very common in other South American countries; its popular name was alferecía, but this term covered many other neurological disorders.

Acute fascioliasis--clinical and epidemiological features of four patients in Chile.

Because of its infrequent and protean presentation and the lack of clinical data, the management of acute infections with the foodborne trematode Fasciola hepatica is challenging. We report four serologically confirmed cases that illustrate our experience with this parasitic infection in Chile. All patients were adults presenting with upper abdominal pain. Other symptoms included fever, nausea/vomiting, and cutaneous manifestations. In all cases, marked eosinophilia was present. All patients lived in an urban environment, and three reported the consumption of raw watercress. Computed tomograph…