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Dynamic 18 F-FDG PET to detect differences among patients with progressive and relapsing multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may remain in a relapsing-remitting (RRMS) course despite long-standing disease, while others will develop secondary progression (SPMS). Chronic inflammation and changes in the blood-brain barrier resulting in perturbed glucose metabolism may account for these differences. PET-MRI with kinetic analysis of 2-deoxy-2(18 F)fluoro-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) provides insight into glucose metabolism and has proven useful in several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, to our knowledge, it has never been studied in MS. OBJECTIVE: To explore potential di…

Antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and the myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases: a comparative study.

In experimental animal models of multiple sclerosis demyelinating antibody responses are directed against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We have investigated whether a similar antibody response is also present in multiple sclerosis patients. Using the recombinant human extracellular immunoglobulin domain of MOG (MOG-Ig) we have screened the sera and CSFs of 130 multiple sclerosis patients, 32 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND), 30 patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (ONND) and 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We report tha…

Modeling compartmentalized chronic immune-mediated demyelinating CNS disease in the Biozzi ABH mouse.

We explored whether experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Biozzi mice recapitulates temporal dynamics of tissue injury, immune-pathogenesis and CNS compartmentalization occurring in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Chronic EAE exhibited relapsing and progressing disease, partial closure of BBB, reduced tissue inflammatory activity, and development of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue, directly opposing (potentially driving) spinal subpial demyelinated plaques. A T cell predominant disease during relapses transformed into a B cell predominant disease in late chronic EAE, with h…

Central nervous system-penetrant anti-C1q therapy reduces neuroinflammation and preserves neurological function in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. While significant progress has been made in the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS, with more than 20 FDA-approved therapies available as of mid-2025, effective therapeutic options for progressive forms of the disease (PMS) remain limited and largely inadequate. Among the mechanisms implicated in PMS pathogenesis is the dysregulation of the complement system, a key component of the innate immune response that also plays essential role…

The effects of thrombomodulin and activated protein C on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Various molecules of the coagulation cascade are thought to have varying roles in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to find new information about the effects of the coagulation cascade molecules to develop new therapeutic strategies for MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with MS were chosen from among patients who were followed up at our hospital. We examined the thrombomodulin (TM) and activated protein C (APC) serum levels in patients with MS and the healthy controls. The patient groups were determined as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or secondary progres…

Imaging Surrogates of Disease Activity in Neuromyelitis Optica Allow Distinction from Multiple Sclerosis.

Inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system are a common feature of both neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. Despite this similarity, it is evident clinically that the accumulation of disability in patients with neuromyelitis optica is relapse related and that a progressive phase is very uncommon. This poses the question whether there is any pathological evidence of disease activity or neurodegeneration in neuromyelitis optica between relapses. To investigate this we conducted a longitudinal advanced MRI study of the brain and spinal cord in neuromyelitis optica p…

Множественный склероз и анемия серповидноклеточной клетки: когда два мира сходятся.

СЛЕДУЮЩЕЕ: Сосуществование серповидноклеточной анемии и множественного склероза у одного пациента представляет собой редкий и трудный клинический сценарий, которому, возможно, благоприятствует взаимосвязь между хроническими подстрекательскими состояниями и аутоиммунными процессами. METHOS/RESULTS: Мы представляем пример 36-летней женщины со серповидноклеточной анемией, у которой появились прогрессивные неврологические симптомы, ведущие к частым падениям и парапарезу; магнитная резонансная съемка показала много перивентральных, инфантентных, а также повреждения позвоночника и спинного мозга, чт

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The coexistence of sickle cell anemia and multiple sclerosis in a single patient presents a rare and challenging clinical scenario, possibly favoured by the interplay between chronic inflammatory states and autoimmune processes. METHOS/RESULTS: We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who developed progressive neurologi…

Parkinsonism in a Patient with Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Myelopathy.

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection is commonly associated with neurological conditions like chronic progressive myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) but rarely also reported with polymyositis, multiple sclerosis, and parkinsonism. It is important to recognize that HTLV-1 infection increases the risk of these neurological conditions. We present a case of 71-year-old female with HTLV-1 associated chronic progressive myelopathy with parkinsonism which signifies that it is under-recognized and not frequently reported due to lack of expert neurological assessment in these …

A Case of Coexistent Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-Coincidental or Associated?

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a dominantly inherited ataxia primarily characterised by progressive cerebellar syndrome, which is developed due to the expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat within the first exon of the ATXN2 gene. We report a rare case of a 41-year-old woman with coexistent genetically verified SCA2 and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Considering our case and a few others reported in the literature, as well as a possible genetic association between ATXN2 and MS susceptibility, we suggest that the coexistence of SCA and MS may not be coincidental, espec…

Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in progressive external ophthalmoplegia: A report of two cases.

Evidence from genetic and pathologic studies suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, cases of MS have been reported in patients with mitochondrial disease. The phenotypic range of mitochondrial illness associating with MS is not yet well defined. In this report, we highlight two cases of patients with confirmed genetic mutations responsible for progressive external ophthalmoplegia who independently meet McDonald criteria for MS. Better characterization of the range of mitochondrial disease associated with MS may improve our understanding of MS di…

Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Common manifestations include paresthesias, diplopia, loss of vision, numbness or weakness of the limbs, bowel or bladder dysfunction, spasticity, ataxia, fatigue, and mental changes. Four main patterns of MS are recognized: relapsing remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, and progressive relapsing. The cause of MS is unknown, although it appears to be an autoimmune disease. Much of what is known about MS has been learned from an animal model of the disease, experimental allerg…

Autoimmunity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in rats mimics the spectrum of multiple sclerosis pathology.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by perivenous inflammation and focal destruction of myelin. Many attempts have been undertaken previously to create animal models of chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases through autoimmunity or virus infection. Recently, however, a new model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis became available, which, in a very standardized and predictable way, leads to chronic (relapsing or progressive) disease and widespread CNS demyelination. In the present study we actively induced MOG-ex…

[Case of multiple sclerosis with WEBINO syndrome].

We report a 50-year-old man presenting with wall-eyed bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome. He had suffered from progressive double vision and tetraparesis, and been diagnosed as secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). On admission, he presented with bilateral facial nerve palsy, pseudobulber palsy, and spastic tetraparesis, predominantly on the right side. Bilateral adduction deficits were noted on horizontal gaze, together with nystagmus of abducting eyes. On primary eye position, the right eye was fixed in the midposition, while the left eye was exotropic. The righ…

Plasma CHI3L1 associates with brain volume loss and glial activation in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) progression independent of relapses is driven by brain innate immune cell activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), expressed in brain by astrocytes and microglia, measured from blood and smouldering inflammation measured using 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with MS. METHODS: The study cohort included 55 patients with MS (25 progressive MS (PMS) and 30 relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)) and 17 healthy controls (HC). CHI3L1 was measured with co…

HerMeS: a registry-based evaluation of the HERCULES criteria for identifying nonrelapsing SPMS.

BACKGROUND: Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) encompasses heterogeneous phenotypes that may or may not exhibit disease activity. OBJECTIVES: To characterize a cohort of non-relapsing SPMS (nrSPMS) identified through a data-driven definition adapted from the HERCULES trial criteria, compared with neurologist-defined (ND) SPMS. METHODS: Relapsing MS patients were retrospectively extracted from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register (RISM). ND was defined according to clinical criteria for SPMS and the HERCULES cohort adapting the trial inclusion criteria. Progression independent…

Multiple sclerosis during adalimumab treatment in a case with ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease involving the sacroiliac joints with HLA-B27 positivity in 85% of the patients and radiologically evidence of sacroiliitis. It is associated with several extraarticular manifestations, but neurological complications are rare. Occurrence of multiple sclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis has been reported in limited cases. Adalimumab, a TNF-α antagonist, offers a significant improvement in ankylosing spondylitis and is considered to be less immunogenic and more tolerable than other TNF-α blockers. A case of mult…

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: outcomes and predictors from German real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) represents a treatment option for highly aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we report outcome analyses from the two largest German centres performing aHSCT in MS. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, people with (pw) MS who underwent aHSCT between 2007 and 2025 were included. Outcomes comprise no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3), 3-month confirmed disability changes on the Expanded Disability Status Scale and transplantation-related mortality (TRM). Predictors of treatment response were evaluated according…

Долгосрочная приемлемость цифрового когнитивного мониторинга MSRector среди людей, страдающих множественным склерозом.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Мониторинг когнитивного эффекта при множественном склерозе (МС) имеет решающее значение. Традиционное когнитивное тестирование является ресурсоемким и нечувствительным к тонкостям изменений. Цифровые тесты могут удовлетворить эту потребность; однако их долгосрочная удобство использования остается неизученным. ЦЕЛИ: Определение долгосрочной приемлемости и осуществимости цифровых когнитивных мер в РС. МЕТОДЫ: Участники с повторным или вторичным прогрессивным НР были зачислены в будущем. MSRector — сетевой тест для оценки скорости обработки, внимания и рабочей памяти 6-mont

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) is critical. Traditional cognitive testing is resource intensive and insensitive to subtle changes. Digital tests could address this need; however, their long-term usability remains unexplored. OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term acceptability and feasibility of digital cognitive measures in …

Prevalence of elevated sNFL in a real-world setting: Results on 908 patients with different multiple sclerosis types and treatment conditions.

BACKGROUND: In the field of research for new validated surrogate biomarkers of treatment efficacy, disease activity and progression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), serum neurofilament light-chain (sNFL) are actually the best candidate for MS patient monitoring. However, before they can be implemented in clinical practice, their usefulness as additional red flag routine measure must be demonstrated. To tackle the problem, this real-life cross-sectional study at the Regional Referring Center for Multiple Sclerosis (CRESM) aims to characterize sNFL levels and prevalence of elevated sNFL, according to…

No evidence of disease activity after fingolimod treatment: A three-year real-world comparison of pre- and post-treatment outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Real-world data on fingolimod effectiveness in multiple sclerosis (MS) remain valuable, particularly in switch cohorts and across phenotypes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-center observational study including MS patients with RRMS or SPMS who received fingolimod and had complete symmetric 3-year pre- and 3-year post-treatment clinical follow-up data. Outcomes included changes in annualized relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) over the 3-year pre/post periods, and the proportion achieving NEDA-3 during the 3-year on-treatment period. RESULT…