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Evaluation of Dynamic Spinal Morphology and Core Muscle Activation in Cyclists-A Comparison between Standing Posture and on the Bicycle.

(1) Background: Cycling is characterized by a sustained sitting posture on the bicycle, where physiologic spinal curvatures are modified from standing to cycling. Therefore, the main objective was to evaluate and compare the morphology of the spine and the core muscle activity in standing posture and cycling at low intensity. (2) Methods: Twelve competitive cyclists participated in the study. Spinal morphology was evaluated using an infrared-camera system. Muscle activation was recorded using a surface electromyography device. (3) Conclusions: The lumbar spine changes its morphology from lordo…

Can scoliosis lead to spinal cord ischaemia? Early diagnosis and rehabilitation: A paradigmatic case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Scoliosis is frequently associated with pain and radiculopathy, but it is not considered a possible cause of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we present a case report in which scoliosis was apparently linked to spinal cord ischaemia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old woman with conservatively treated severe scoliosis presented with acute spinal cord infarction, which occurred during a spinal flexion while she was tidying up the bed. Other causes of SCI were excluded. Early rehabilitation was started and the patient progressively regained motor and sensory functions, with an A

All pedicle screw fixation technique in correcting severe kyphoscoliosis in an osteogenesis imperfecta patient: a case report.

Spinal deformity in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta demonstrates a high prevalence. The surgical treatment of this problem had numerous difficulties, which included breakage of bone, dislodgement of implants, and late loss of correction. We reported the correction of severe kyphoscoliosis in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta using 3-rod all pedicle screw fixation technique. In this case, the 2 main goals of spinal operation, stabilization and correction of spinal curvatures, were achieved. The Cobb angles of scoliosis and thoracic kyphosis were corrected from 110 degrees to 68 degre…

A Narrative Review of Cervical Spinal Deformity: Etiologies, Radiographic Parameters, and Clinical Assessment.

STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review article. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology, biomechanics, and clinical evaluation of cervical spinal deformity (CSD) for spine surgeons and related specialists. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: CSD includes a heterogeneous group of conditions marked by abnormal cervical alignment, most often kyphosis or scoliosis. These deformities can significantly impair quality of life due to pain, neurological deficits, and disability. A clear understanding of biomechanical alterations, radiographic parameters, and underlying etiologies is critical f

Complications of Posterior Column Osteotomies in the Pediatric Spinal Deformity Patient.

BACKGROUND: In spinal deformity surgery, posterior column osteotomies (PCOs) are used to increase spinal flexibility and permit greater deformity correction, while avoiding the morbidity of anterior column surgery. Complications related to use of PCOs have been well characterized in adults; however, there is a paucity of information in the pediatric population. METHODS: A single-surgeon retrospective analysis was completed of 484 PCOs in 142 patients (average age: 14.5 years) undergoing spinal deformity surgery. All surgeries were completed by a standard posterior approach using a midline inc

Surgical increase in thoracic kyphosis increases unfused lumbar lordosis in selective fusion for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PURPOSE: In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), there is a close relationship between thoracic kyphosis (TK) and proximal lumbar lordosis (PLL). The hypothesis states correction of hypokyphosis increases lumbar lordosis (LL) through increase in PLL after surgical correction of TK. METHODS: 111 consecutive thoracic AIS, Lenke 1 or 2 who underwent posterior selective thoracic fusion with reduction by simultaneous translation on 2 rods and 2 years follow-up have been prospectively selected and analyzed. Instrumentations below L1 and anterior releases were excluded. Global TK and LL were measu

Update on pathology and surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity.

Update on pathologies of adult spinal deformity (ASD): With advancement of aging society, ASD has become one of the most notable topics of spinal disorders owing to its significant impact on health related quality of life. Treatment for ASD is challenging due to complex nature of deformity and high prevalence of comorbidities. Spino-pelvic harmony that is evaluated by pelvic incidence (PI) minus lumbar lordosis (LL) is the most important concept, which allows us to understand pathology of ASD more deeply. Proposed optimum "PI minus LL" is within ±10°. However, according to analysis of patients

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand.

Vertebral column lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) can result in downgrading of farmed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in New Zealand. No cause of LKS has been identified. Radiography and histology were used to quantify LKS and perivertebral fibrosis in 27 fish with LKS visible at harvest and 30 visually normal fish from 3 New Zealand farms. Radiographic LKS was present in all 27 fish with LKS and in 18 of 30 fish without visible LKS. Quantification of the radiographic severity revealed significantly higher radiographic severity scores in fish with visible LKS (mean ± SD = 5.89 ±

UANV: UNet-based attention network for thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture angle measurement.

Kyphosis is a prevalent spinal condition where the spine curves in the sagittal plane, resulting in spine deformities. Curvature estimation provides a powerful index to assess the deformation severity of scoliosis. In current clinical diagnosis, the standard curvature estimation method for quantitatively assessing the curvature is performed by measuring the vertebral angle, which is the angle between two lines, drawn perpendicular to the upper and lower endplates of the involved vertebra. However, manual Cobb angle measurement requires considerable time and effort, along with associated proble

Rod Angulation Relationship with Thoracic Kyphosis after Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Posterior Instrumentation.

INTRODUCTION: Surgery to correct spinal deformities in scoliosis involves the use of contoured rods to reshape the spine and correct its cur … aping the outcome of spinal corrective surgery. Furthermore, this study highlights that more severe spinal curvatures in the frontal plane have an adverse impact on the shape of the rods in the sagittal plane. In other words, when the scoliosis curve is more pronounced in the frontal plane, it tends to influence the way the rods are shaped in the sagittal plane. Th …

The development of the spinal deformities in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Evaluations were made of the spinal deformities in 22 of 30 patients (osteogenesis imperfecta congenita, eight; osteogenesis imperfecta tarda I, 13; osteogenesis imperfecta tarda II, one) treated at Hamagumi Gakuen Children's Hospital from 1959 to 1980. Seven of the congenital type patients were in the severe curve group (greater than 50 degrees), four of whom showed more than 100 degrees of curvature. The spinal deformities in the congenital type progressed rapidly after five years of age and reached a maximum around 12 years of age. The scoliosis in the tarda type patients developed slowly,

A unique device, the disc space-fitted distraction device, for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: early clinical and radiological evaluation.

OBJECT: To perform interbody distraction and to obtain spinal curvature correction during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), the authors recently adopted a new stand-alone device, a disc space-fitted distraction device (DFDD). In this preliminary report the authors introduce this unique device and discuss some advantages in terms of short-term clinical and radiological evaluations. METHODS: The most unique aspect of the DFDD is the function of gentle distraction at anterior disc space with maximum lordotic correction of up to 8 degrees while rotating a screw at the front of the d

The Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Male and Female Rowers.

The goal of this study was to describe the integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype in rowers to determine whether the intense practice of rowing causes a modification of the sagittal curvatures of the spine, its relationship with the rowing technique, and training background. The second goal was to analyse how the dorsal and lumbar curves behave in the three phases of the rowing gesture, and to determine which phases can be detrimental to the correct development of the spine during growth. We analysed the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of 29 females and 82 males, which

Sagittal spinal and pelvic postures of highly-trained young canoeists.

The objective of this study was to determine the sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic position in standing and kneeling in the canoe in young canoeists. Forty-four young highly-trained canoeists (mean age: 15.11 ± 0.61 years) were recruited. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic inclination were evaluated with a Spinal Mouse system in standing position and in the base position (kneeling on one knee in the canoe) and catch phase of the stroke. The mean thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in standing were 44.66 ± 8.80º, -30.34 ± 8.31º, and 14.20 ± 7.32º, respectively. …

Incidence of spinal deformities and the relationship with physical status and back pain in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of spinal deformities in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia, more than 15 years after orthopaedic interval surgery approach (ISA) treatment, and its relationship to contextual factors, level of pain and physical status. METHODS: Spinal X-rays, pain (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and location/frequency) questionnaires and physical examination assessing lower extremity muscle strength (Medical Research Council scale), motor control (selectivity scale) and muscle tone (Ashworth score) were conducted in

Progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Infantile idiopathic scoliosis is unique in that it differs considerably from idiopathic scoliosis seen in the older child. Early recognition of the progressive type is essential if serious deformity is to be prevented. Treatment must be aimed at controlling the curvature by serial casts and the Milwaukee brace to support the spinal column without interference with the local mechanics of growth. Most children eventually require spinal fusion, but this should be delayed until early adolescence. If a curvature cannot be controlled satisfactorily, however, surgical fusion may be indicated earlier

Acquired structural kyphoscoliosis in a captive adult female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

A female, wild-caught, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), in captivity for 23 years and estimated to be older than 26 years, had an 8-year history of progressive spinal curvature. Scoliosis was initially noted 1 year after a therapeutic bilateral ovariectomy to treat endometriosis. Eight years after the initial diagnosis, the curvature had progressed to a structural (nonflexible), lumbar scoliosis with a curvature to the left and a structural thoracolumbar kyphosis. The spinal curvature was characterized radiographically by a severe, major lumbar curve to the left with vertebral rotation and sev

The Relationship Between Orthodontic Abnormalities and Spinal Deformities: A Review of Literature.

Spinal deformities comprise abnormal curvatures of the spine which impact posture, musculoskeletal balance, as well as biomechanical function. Malocclusion, the improper contact between occlusal surfaces of opposing teeth, affects the occlusal relationship and functionality of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). While both conditions have been extensively studied independently, their interconnection remains a subject of debate. The aim of this work is to comprehensively review the current literature concerning spinal curvature abnormalities and stomatognathic alterations, concomitantly investig

Sagittal and Frontal Plane Evaluation of the Whole Spine and Clinical Outcomes after Vertebral Fractures.

Although it is known that a change in any level of the spine alters biomechanics, there are not many studies to evaluate the spine as a whole in both sagittal and frontal planes. This prospective cohort study evaluates the morphology and mobility of the entire spine in patients with vertebral fractures. The Treatment Group consisted of 43 patients who underwent percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty or percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty plus fixation. The Control Group consisted of 39 healthy subjects. Spinal Mouse was used for the assessment of the curvatures and the mobility of the spine. Clinical o

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… Frontal Plane Similarly with the results that were recorded for spinal curvatures, mobility improvements in the frontal plane were demonstrated mainly 6 months postoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, there are not any studies which examined the mobility of the spine in the frontal plane. … Spinal curvature and postural balance in patients with osteoporosis Osteoporosis International 2009 20 12 2049 2053 10.1007/s00198-009-0919-9 2-s2.0-71849092172 19343468 27 Miyakoshi N. Itoi E. Kobayashi M. Kodama H. …

Dysphagia associated with cervical spine and postural disorders.

Difficulties with swallowing may be both persistent and life threatening for the majority of those who experience it irrespective of age, gender, and race. The purpose of this review is to define oropharyngeal dysphagia and describe its relationship to cervical spine disorders and postural disturbances due to either congenital or acquired disorders. The etiology and diagnosis of dysphagia are analyzed, focusing on cervical spine pathology associated with dysphagia as severe cervical spine disorders and postural disturbances largely have been held accountable for deglutition disorders. Scoliosi