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Neurophysiological correlates of borderline personality disorder: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

BACKGROUND: Cortical inhibition deficits have been demonstrated in several disorders with deficits in impulsive control (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], tic disorder, Tourette syndrome) by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). With borderline personality disorder (BPD), we investigated another disorder associated with high impulsivity by TMS. We hypothesized that BPD patients display decreased cortical inhibition and/or increased cortical excitation as assessed with TMS. METHODS: Different inhibitory and excitatory TMS parameters were investigated in 19 unmedic…

Potential clinical targets of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in schizophrenia.

Despite the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment-resistant symptoms still represent a serious problem in schizophrenia. Currently, there is evidence from clinical studies suggesting that treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve schizophrenia symptoms. Our review provides an overview of clinical rTMS studies in schizophrenic patients. A systematic search of the literature (Cochrane and Medline databases up to December 2005) was conducted. Most studies showed methodological problems due to their explorative character and small sample sizes…

Therapeutic trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation after acute ischemic stroke.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or sham stimulation was given over the motor cortex daily for 10 days to two randomly assigned groups of 26 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients otherwise continued their normal treatment. Disability scales measured before rTMS, at the end of the last rTMS session, and 10 days later showed that real rTMS improved patients' scores more than sham.

Should transcranial magnetic stimulation research in children be considered minimal risk?

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique with research applications. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) must carefully consider potential risks and possible benefits in research involving children. The purpose of this study is to provide concise information for investigators and IRBs about the safety of single and paired pulse TMS research in children. METHODS: This paper has 4 sections: (I) Regulations governing research in children are reviewed and applied to the use of TMS. (II) Energy imparted by TMS is assessed in terms of theoretical biological …

Slow transcranial magnetic stimulation, long-term depotentiation, and brain hyperexcitability disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Many clinical syndromes in neuropsychiatry suggest focal brain activation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a method for selectively altering neural activity. METHOD: Studies assessing effects of "slow" rTMS, administered up to once per second, in normal people and in those with pathological conditions are reviewed. The findings are compared with those of animal studies examining long-term depression and long-term depotentiation through direct electrical stimulation of cortical tissue. RESULTS: Data suggest that slow rTMS reduces cortical ex…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and acoustic trauma or hearing loss in children.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive method used to assess motor function in humans; however, some reports suggest it may cause internal ear damage (cochlear). Eighteen patients with normal auditory function (ages 2 months to 16 years, mean 6.8 years), two medical doctors and two technicians who performed the studies were tested with brain stem auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions, acoustic reflex and a pure tone audiometric and logoaudiometric test when possible, before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation for central motor conduction studies in different ne…

Evaluation of cerebral vasospasm with transcranial magnetic stimulation: an experimental study.

Despite the current use of several different methods for diagnosis and follow-up of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, an easy, quick, reliable, and noninvasive method is still needed for evaluation of this entity. We investigated the value of transcranial magnetically evoked motor potential changes during the vasospasm period in a rabbit experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model. We also recorded motor evoked potential changes after deferoxamine treatment during vasospasm. Our results reveal a significant increase in latency periods of evoked potentials during the angiographic

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and other evoked potentials in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

In children, multiple sclerosis is rare and has some clinical and paraclinical differences compared with adults. The assessment of corticospinal motor tracts is expected to be relevant because of their frequent early involvement in this disease. Reported are the results of transcranial magnetic stimulation in two children who presented at 12 and 9 years of age with clinically probable and definite multiple sclerosis, respectively. In Patient 1 the excitatory cortical threshold for the upper limbs was abnormally raised. In Patient 2 the latency of the motor-evoked potentials was considerably in…

Hypoglossal nerve conduction study by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects.

The introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation has allowed the study of conduction in the proximal portions and central pathways of the cranial nerves. A study is made of cranial nerve XII with transcranial magnetic stimulation at two levels, cortical and cisternal, registering the motor evoked potential by means of surface electrodes in contact with the upper face of the tongue. Motor evoked potentials were constantly observed on cortical stimulation, in a painless, easy, and reproducible way, with mean values of 10.84 +/- 1.14 milliseconds (latency) and 7.81 +/- 1.14 mV (amplitude). M…

Follow-up investigations of peripheral facial palsy by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Twenty-three patients (10 men, 13 women; age: from 23 to 81 years, mean 52 years) with Bell's palsy were investigated by magneto-electrical stimulation in order to evaluate the usefulness of this method for prognostication. At each examination the facial nerve was electrically stimulated, and an orbicularis-oculi-reflex was elicited. Follow-up investigations were possible in 13 patients. All patients showed pathological long- and short-latency responses at the first examination. The blink reflex examination revealed a pathological result in all cases. The responses to electrical stimulation we

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation in neuropathic pain due to radiculopathy: a randomized sham-controlled comparative study.

No study has directly compared the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in neuropathic pain (NP). In this 2-centre randomised double-blind sham-controlled study, we compared the efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS and anodal 2-mA tDCS of the motor cortex and sham stimulation contralateral to the painful area (3 daily sessions) in patients with NP due to lumbosacral radiculopathy. Average pain intensity (primary outcome) was evaluated after each session and 5 days later. Secondary outcomes included neuropathic symptoms and th…

Neurophysiological basis of functional movement disorders: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

BACKGROUND: The neurophysiological abnormality in patients with functional movement disorders (FMDs) is not clear. We aimed to study the neurophysiological abnormality in these patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS: We enrolled 30 patients with FMD and 31 healthy controls (HC) in the study. Basic demographic and clinical details were recorded. The severity of motor symptoms was evaluated using the Psychogenic (Functional) Movement Disorder (PMD) Scale. The hospital Anxiety and depression rating scale (HADS) was used for assessing anxiety and depression. The motor cor…

Cognitive state dependent enhancement of cognitive control with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), yet variability of therapeutic responses remains high. A key contributor to this variability may be state-dependent effects of brain stimulation, where activity in underlying circuits may shape the propagation of TMS-evoked activity. Thus, constraining the target circuits' state by engaging cognition may make TMS' effects more consistent. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether TMS' effects on cognitive control, a transdiagnostic construct implicated across psychiatric disorders…

"Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia": Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are among the most disabling symptoms of schizophrenia, often resistant to pharmacological treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological intervention; however, existing evidence is fragmented across heterogeneous study designs. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map the available evidence on the use of rTMS for AVH in patients with schizophrenia, focusing on stimulation parameters, clinical outcomes, neuroimaging findings, and gaps in current research. METHODS: A scoping revi…

Network-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, we know little about precisely where stimulation would be ideal to improve cognitive function. OBJECTIVE: To examine the network functional connectivity (fc) characteristics of prefrontal and parietal stimulation sites, given that these sites have led to improved cognitive function in TMS studies involving MCI-AD and unimpaired participants. METHODS: Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired from 32…

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are debilitating psychiatric disorders. While treatments are often effective, many patients do not adequately respond or experience significant side effects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an emerging approach for treating PTSD and GAD. Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be efficacious in reducing psychiatric symptoms; however, results are inconsistent regarding whether any parameter or treatment paradigm is superior. Other RCTs have tar…

Evaluating the safety profile of connectome-based repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: New developments in neuro-navigation and machine learning have allowed for personalised approaches to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat various neuropsychiatric disorders. One specific approach, known as the cingulum framework, identifies individualised brain parcellations from resting state fMRI based on a machine-learning algorithm. Theta burst stimulation, a more rapid form of rTMS, is then delivered for 25 sessions, 5 per day, over 5 days consecutively or spaced out over 10 days. Preliminary studies have documented this approach for various neurologica…

Hemodynamic characteristics at baseline and following repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment.

The mechanism underlying the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains unclear, particularly regarding its impact on different severities of depression. From a personalized treatment perspective, evaluating functional improvements by illness severity is crucial. This study investigated changes in cerebral hemodynamics before and after six weeks of rTMS treatment in 45 patients with depression, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The aim was to assess changes in hemodynamics according to the severity of depressive symptoms, as classified by the 17-…

Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция выявляет ранние кортикальные аномалии в радиологическо изолированном синдроме.

РИС () — предклиническая стадия множественных склерозов, характеризующаяся демилиническими повреждениями на МРТ. Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (TMS) может обнаруживать кортикоспинальную дисфункцию, связанную с демиэлированием и нейронной потерей. ЦЕЛЬ: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение корковой искривления двигателя в РИС с использованием ТМС и изучение его связи с характеристиками кипения, усталости и МРТ.МЕТОДЫ: Шестнадцать пациентов РИС и 16 соответствующих здоровых контрольных устройств прошли через ТМС для оценки порога для двигателя отдыха (RMT), запоздалости двигат

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is a preclinical stage of multiple sclerosis, characterized by demyelinating lesions on MRI. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can detect corticospinal dysfunction associated with demyelination and neuronal loss. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate motor cortical excitability in RIS using TMS a…