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Cost-effectiveness of organised versus opportunistic mammography breast cancer screening in low-resourced country.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost-effectiveness of expanding the current opportunistic screening strategy to an organised and feasible population-based breast cancer screening strategy from the healthcare system perspective in Jordan. DESIGN: A probabilistic, state-transition cohort decision-analytic model was developed to estimate the expected incremental life years (LYs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs. PARTICIPANTS: The model includes a hypothetical cohort of average-risk asymptomatic Jordanian women aged 40 years and above. INTERVENTIONS: The base case comparison was between

Cost-Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions Integrated Into Lung Cancer Screening.

IMPORTANCE: National-level data are limited on the long-term costs and outcomes of integrating smoking cessation interventions into lung cancer screening (LCS) programs in the US. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in LCS using data from 4 randomized clinical trials implemented within the National Cancer Institute's Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination (SCALE) Collaboration. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this economic evaluation, data were pooled from individuals enrolled across 23 arms in 4 SCALE trials from October 2016 to April 2023.

Cost effectiveness of female HPV vaccines for routine childhood immunisation schedule in Türkiye.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into Türkiye's National Immunization Program. METHODS: The analysis employed the WHO-endorsed PRIME model in Microsoft Excel. Two vaccination strategies were simulated for 12-year-old girls: Scenario 1 (bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine) and Scenario 2 (nonavalent vaccine). Each scenario was assessed from both the Social Security Institution (SGK) and societal perspectives. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted, with sensit

Эффективность различных стратегий лечения беременных женщин с множественным склерозом.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Борьба с множественным склерозом (МС) в период беременности сопряжена с серьезными проблемами. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке экономической эффективности трех стратегий лечения в период беременности с точки зрения системы здравоохранения Соединенного Королевства. МЕТОДЫ: Была разработана модель Маркова для оценки результатов и расходов в области здравоохранения, связанных с тремя стратегиями лечения: непрерывным лечением в течение всего периода беременности, лечением до первого триместра, за которым следует прекращение и прекращение после зачатия после возо

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… Methods Study design We conducted cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate the health and economic impacts of continuing or discontinuing natalizumab treatment for women during pregnancy in the UK from the healthcare system perspective. … Hoch JS, Briggs AH, Willan AR (2002) Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue: a framework for the marriage of health econometrics and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Econ 11(5):415–430 26. …

Cost effectiveness of hepatitis C direct acting agents.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction of direct acting antivirals (DAA) has transformed treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and made the elimination of HCV an achievable goal set forward by World Health Organization by 2030. Multiple barriers need to be overcome for successful eradication of HCV. Availability of pan-genotypic HCV regimens has decreased the need for genotype testing but maintained high efficacy associated with DAAs. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we will assess the cost-effectiveness of DAA treatment in patients with chronic HCV disease, with emphasis on general, cirrhosis, and vulner

Cost-effectiveness in orthopedics: providing essential information to both physicians and health care policy makers for appropriate allocation of medical resources.

Cost-effective analysis has become an important tool in helping determine what procedures are both cost-effective and appropriate in today's cost control health care. The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is a standard measure for health-related quality-of-life in medical cost-effectiveness research. It can be used to compare different interventions to determine the cost-effectiveness of each procedure. Use of QALY to compare health care interventions has become the new gold standard. The key words arthroscopy, cost-effectiveness analysis, QALY, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow, wrist, and pu…

Cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a trial-based Markov model with a lifetime horizon.

AIMS: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can restore circulation in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). A trial-based analysis with a 1-year horizon showed limited cost-effectiveness of this demanding procedure. However, arguably, long-term incremental health benefits may justify high initial incremental costs. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of ECPR compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) for OHCA with a lifetime horizon using trial-based data. METHODS: Healthcare and societal costs and quality adjusted life years (QALY), assessed usi

Health economic evaluation of hip fracture care pathways in The Gambia.

Hip fractures cause substantial morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs among older adults. While advances in surgical and postoperative care have improved outcomes in high-income countries, these interventions are often inaccessible in low-income and middle-income countries due to cost constraints. This study assessed the costs and outcomes of surgical versus non-surgical management of hip fractures to inform resource allocation in a resource-limited setting. Data from a prospective cohort study of patients with acute hip fractures over a 12-month postfracture follow-up period were used. Ou

The Analyzer for Cusp Ions (ACI) on the TRACERS Mission.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the potential impact of genetic screening technologies on healthcare. Genetic screening for … o those children within this group who tested positive for selected ADAM33 polymorphism (ST+7). The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the third-party payer and patient perspective after year 6. We applied our model to a hypothetical cohort of 100 European infants. RESULTS: The number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained during the 6 years was 1.483, an …

Economic evaluation of orthoptic screening: results of a field study in 121 German kindergartens.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of an orthoptic screening program in kindergarten children. METHODS: An empiric cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted as part of a field study of orthoptic screening. Three-year-old children (n = 1180) in 121 German kindergartens were screened by orthoptists. The number of newly diagnosed cases of amblyopia and amblyogenic factors (target conditions) was used as the measure of effectiveness. The direct costs of orthoptic screening were calculated from a third-party-payer perspective based on comprehensive measurement…

Cost-effectiveness of robotic mastectomy vs. conventional mastectomy: A long-term economic evaluation from a Singapore healthcare perspective.

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, and Singapore is no exception. Surgical intervention, especially mastectomy, is a cornerstone of breast cancer treatment. While conventional mastectomy (CM) has been the gold standard, robotic mastectomy (RM) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its minimally invasive nature. However, its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain, especially in resource-constrained settings like Singapore. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether robotic mastectomy is cost-effective compared to conventional mastectomy in Singapore from a

Cost effectiveness of endoscopic gallbladder drainage to treat acute cholecystitis in poor surgical candidates.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic gallbladder drainage (GBD) is an alternative to percutaneous GBD (PGBD) to treat acute cholecystitis, yielding similar success rates and fewer adverse events. To our knowledge, no cost-effectiveness analysis has compared these procedures. We performed an economic analysis to identify clinical and cost determinants of three treatment options for acute cholecystitis in poor surgical candidates. METHODS: We compared three treatment strategies: PGBD, endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic transpapillary drainage (ERC-GBD), and endosonographic GBD (EUS-GBD). A decision tree …

Cost effectiveness of pre-operative gonadotrophin releasing analogues for women with uterine fibroids undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a cost effectiveness analysis of pre-operative gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in women with uterine fibroids undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy. DESIGN: A cost effectiveness analysis using the effectiveness data from a systematic review of GnRHa. SETTING: Secondary care. SAMPLE: Women with uterine fibroids undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy and women volunteers. METHODS: Effectiveness data were used from a systematic review to construct a model and to calculate the cost per surgical outcome avoided. In order to evaluate the value women place on

Multi-mOdal Training program to promote physical actIVity After sTrokE (MOTIVATE): Protocol for effectiveness and economic outcomes in a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is a key modifiable behaviour for secondary prevention and recovery after stroke, yet effective and scalable PA interventions remain limited. MOTIVATE (Multi-mOdal Training program to promote physical actIVity After sTrokE) is a theory-informed, co-designed behaviour change intervention to address these gaps. AIM: To determine whether MOTIVATE increases device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at 3 and 6 months among community-dwelling stroke survivors, compared with general PA information, and whether it is cost-effective. Implementatio

Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a hospital-based hepatitis B management model in China: the 'Hot Wave Project' experience.

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major burden. The "Hot Wave Project," a hospital-wide initiative launched in 2022, aims to enhance HBV care by integrating patient education with systematic screening, referral, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of hospital-wide HBV care metrics between 2021 (preintervention) and 2024 (postintervention). An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted on monthly data to evaluate the causal impact of the intervention. A decision-analytic Markov model was used to simulate the

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a systematic review and cost-utility analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether strategies can be devised for the assessment and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). D … nates in GIO and in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Since calcidiol is not licensed for use in the UK, cost-effectiveness analysis was confined to risedronate and to a pooled bisphosphonate effect. Analysis of cost-effectiveness of risedronate using the empirical data in GIO showed better cost-effectiveness with increasing age, but at no age did cost-effectiveness ratios fall b …

The cost effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancers.

PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is developed as a replacement for 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. Considering the difference in costs and effectiveness of these interventions, the aim of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer in east of Iran. METHODS: A Markov model including six states based on xerostomia and dysphagia was developed to estimate the incremental cost effectiveness ratio from the perspective of societal. Cost and quality o

Health Technology Assessment for the Prevention of Peri-Operative Hypothermia: Evaluation of the Correct Use of Forced-Air Warming Systems in an Italian Hospital.

This study investigates the implications of using a system for the maintenance of normothermia in the treatment of patients undergoing surgery, determining whether the FAW (Forced-Air Warming) systems are more effective and efficient than the non-application of appropriate protocols (No Technology). We conducted Health Technology Assessment (HTA) analysis, using both real-world data and the data derived from literature, assuming the point of view of a medium-large hospital. The literature demonstrated that Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia (IPH) determines adverse events, such as surgical

Immunogenicity and safety of the human papillomavirus vaccine in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systematic review.

Whereas safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines in healthy women have been shown in several randomised controlled clinical trials and in post marketing analyses, only few data exist in patients affected by autoimmune diseases. These issues are significant as autoimmune conditions are recognised as a risk factor for the persistence of HPV infection. Herein we review and systematise the existing literature to assess immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The results of our literature

Creatine kinase in a biochemical test panel: the high cost of a seemingly inexpensive test.

Analysis of cost-effectiveness of a laboratory test requires not only calculating the cost of doing the test in the laboratory, but also determining the clinical effectiveness of the data produced. In this hospital, creatine kinase (CK) is available only as part of a 19-test panel. The cost per CK result was $0.64, based on cost of material and labor used exclusively for CK. To evaluate the yield from CK as a screening test, 252 patients were investigated with CK greater than 200 U/l on a biochemical panel within 24 hours of admission. The authors found no instance of a new diagnosis establish