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CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors: A review of current clinical trials.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the arena of hematological malignancies with approved therapies in certain leukemias, lymphomas, and recently myeloma with overall highly favorable response rates. While numerous clinical studies are still ongoing for hematological malignancies, research is developing to translate the feasibility of CAR T therapy in solid organ malignancies. Unfortunately, the majority of diagnosed cancers are primarily solid tumors. Thus, a highly unmet clinical need for further research and development exists in this field. This re

Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Hematologic Diseases: Causative Organisms and Factors Associated with Resistance.

BackgroundPatients with hematologic diseases are at high risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study aimed to analyze clinical features and distributions of microorganisms in patients with hematologic diseases presenting at a tertiary care university-affiliated hospital in Korea.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all BSI episodes recorded in patient medical records at two hematologic wards of the Catholic Hematology Hospital from January to December 2020. Our aim was to analyze demographic and clinical characteristics relevant to BSIs. We also described the antimicrobial re

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… Empirical glycopeptides were allowed only with evidence of severe mucositis (grade ≥3), combined skin and soft tissue infections, catheter-related infections, Gram-positive bacteremia, or hemodynamically unstable states, with the consultation of infectious disease specialists. …

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new polymeric conjugate and nanocarrier with osteotropic properties.

Bone-seeking (osteotropic) drug delivery systems (ODDS) represent an interesting solution for targeting different types of drugs to the bones. In particular, anticancer and antibacterial agents could take advantage of such therapeutic strategy. We have recently developed an innovative approach to this aim: a new osteotropic biomaterial was prepared, based on the conjugation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with the bisphosphonate drug alendronate (PLGA-ALE); its hemo- and cytocompatibility were verified. Starting with this copolymer, an osteotropic nanoparticle system (NP) was produced f

From the nephrologist's point of view: diversity of causes and clinical features of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with multiple entities. Although AKI implies renal damage, functional impairment or both, diagnosis is solely based on the functional parameters of serum creatinine and urine output. The latest definition was provided by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) working group in 2012. Independent of the underlying disease, and even in the case of full recovery, AKI is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the patient's individual risk profile and the diversity of causes and clinical features of AKI is pivo

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… The increasing proportion of multiresistant bacteria enhances the use of potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics such as glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin) and aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) for severe systemic infections. Monitoring of drug levels for dose adjustment is suggested [ 1 ]. …

Drug repurposing in KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC: a focus on resistance mechanisms and clinical strategies.

KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transitioned from a therapeutically problematic disease to a precision-targetable cancer, anchored by the landmark approvals of sotorasib and adagrasib. Yet despite these advances, responses remain limited in duration and multiple mechanisms of rapid adaptive resistance emerge under inhibitor pressure. These resistance mechanisms define a therapeutic vulnerability map that can be addressed by repurposing approved agents with established safety profiles. This review emphasises the current understanding of KRAS G12C biology, integrates upda

Повышенное гликозилирование автоантител во время лечения истощения клеток B.

Для ряда хронических аутоиммунных заболеваний характерна повышенная аутоантибодиозная гликозилация Fab. Остается неясным, связаны ли Fab glycans со состоянием заболевания или развитием, но могут ли они служить его показателем. Многие аутоиммунные заболевания лечатся с помощью методов лечения истощения клеток В, что в первую очередь приводит к сокращению числа автоантител. Возникает вопрос, может ли терапия разрушения клеток B оказать воздействие на гликозилацию Fab. Здесь мы изучили продольное воздействие терапии истощения клеток B на гликозилацию Fab для общего ИгГ и IgG автоантифитов в ревма

Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.

Over the past decade, there has been a qualitative improvement in the understanding of gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Gut microbiota regulates metabolic reprogramming that occurs in the competition between tumor cells and immune cells for essential nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the key factors leading to the formation of aging environment, which has many similarities with the TME. Accumulating research findings have demonstrated that gut microbiota enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by activating the immun

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… immune response Mouse models Connection between diets and anti-tumor immune 2024 High-fiber diets [ 126 ] Enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy and alleviated the intestinal toxicity of radiotherapy Mouse models Transition from basic mechanisms to combination treatment Probiotics and prebiotics 1977 Glycopeptides … | Mouse models | Connection between diets and anti-tumor immune 2024 | High-fiber diets [ 126 ] | Enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy and alleviated the intestinal toxicity of radiotherapy | Mouse models | Transition from basic mechanisms to combination treatment Probiotics and prebiotics 1977 | Glycopeptides …

Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-fermentative coccobacillus, which is widely distributed in nature. Recently, it has emerged as a major cause of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) in addition to its capacity to cause community-acquired infections. Risk factors for A. baumannii infections and bacteremia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation include: severe underlying illness such as hematological malignancy, prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, invasive instrumentation such as central venous catheters or endotrach

Anticancer natural products from the Middle East and North Africa: biodiversity, mechanisms, and translational challenges.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing substantial clinical, societal, and economic burdens. Despite major advances in surgical oncology, systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecularly targeted therapeutics, and immune checkpoint inhibition, contemporary cancer treatment remains constrained by dose-limiting toxicities, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and the inexorable emergence of multifaceted drug resistance mechanisms. These persistent therapeutic challenges have reinstated interest in natural products (NPs) as evolutionar

Increasing Gram-Negative Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Cancer Patients.

Background: We aimed to assess the incidence, etiology and outcomes of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in onco-hematological patients, to assess the differences between patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) and solid tumors (STs) and to identify the risk factors for Gram-negative (GN) CRBSI. Methods: All consecutive episodes of BSI in adult cancer patients were prospectively collected (2006-2020). The etiology of CRBSI was analyzed in three different 5-year periods. Risk factors for GN CRBSI were assessed in the whole cohort and separately in patients with HMs and STs.

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… ) 32 (65.3) 13 (26.5) | 0.064 0.56 0.53 <0.001 Hypotension (<80 mmHg) | 34 (10.9) | 9 (19.1) | 0.169 Septic shock | 20 (4.9) | 4 (6.1) | 0.72 Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy a - Cephalosporins - β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitors - Carbapenems - Monobactams - Aminoglycosides b - Quinolones - Glycopeptides …

Current trends of infectious complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a single center.

This study was to analyze the infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) according to the recent changes of HSCT. Medical records of 379 adult patients who underwent HSCT consecutively at Catholic HSCT Center from January 2001 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Allogeneic HSCT accounted for 75.7% (287/379) and autologous HSCT for 24.3% (92/379). During pre-engraftment period, bacterial infection was predominant, and E. coli was still the most common organism. After engraftment, viral infection was predominant. The incidence of invasive fungal inf

Advances in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Single Cell and Tissues.

Compared with conventional optical microscopy techniques, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) or imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful, label-free analytical technique, which can sensitively and simultaneously detect, quantify, and map hundreds of biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, lipid, and other organic compounds in cells and tissues. So far, although several soft ionization techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used for imaging biomolecules, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is still t

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… Thus, glycosylation imaging ( Figure 8B ) is directly linked to complete glycopeptide identification. This glycoproteomics technique identified more than 400 N-, O-, and S- glycopeptides from more than 30 proteins. …

Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells.

T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have recently provided promising advances as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. CAR T cell therapy has shown stunning results especially in B-cell malignancies; however, it has shown less success against solid tumors, which is more supposed to be related to the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the structure of the CAR, current clinical advantages from finished and ongoing trials, adverse effects, challenges and controversies, new engineering methods of CAR, and

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… This enables CAR T cells to recognize an extensive range of targets including proteins, carbohydrates, and glycopeptides. After distinguishing the specific target antigen on tumor cells, CAR T cells would be able to kill them ( 10 ). … Different antibody classes, such as high-affinity O-glycopeptide antibodies, may be employed for the construction of glycan-CARs. Using glycan targets for designing CARs can emerge as a powerful tool for precisely targeting solid tumor cells ( 78 ). …

Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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… However, it must be noted that in patients with solid tumors, surgery, together with long hospital stay and use of third-generation cephalosporins and glycopeptides, has been associated with an increased risk of infections caused by MDR pathogens. 52 Etiology Surveillance studies on pathogens causing …

Narrative Review of Drug-Associated Nail Toxicities in Oncologic Patients.

IntroductionNail toxicity represents one of the most common cutaneous adverse effects of both classic chemotherapeutic agents and new oncologic drugs, including targeted treatments and immunotherapy.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a comprehensive literature review of nail toxicities derived from conventional chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies (EGFR inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including clinical presentation, implicated drugs and approaches for prevention and management.MethodsRetrieved literature from PubMed regis

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-7.

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry [...].

Сепсис, вызванный Clostridium Perfringens у женщины пожилого возраста, больной раком груди: доклад по делу.

ЦЕЛЬ: Сообщить о редком случае заболевания раком груди, у которого септический шок и множественные повреждения органов. В нем анализируются клинические характеристики, патогенные факторы и прогноз, связанные с смешанной инфекцией, вызванной Clostridium perfringens и Escherichia coli, в целях обеспечения основы для раннего выявления и вмешательства аналогичных клинических случаев. МЕТОДЫ: Был проведен ретроспективный анализ клинических данных 75-year-old Женщина, больная раком груди, которая также страдала гипертонией и диабетом. Были резюмированы клинические проявления, результаты этиологическ

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… The empirical treatment for Clostridium perfringens bacteremia and septic shock typically involves β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and/or glycopeptides. 29 In this case, due to the rapid progression of the disease, the initial empirical regimen was modified from cefoperazone/sulbactam to meropenem. …

Evaluation of Preventive Role of Systemically Applied Erythropoietin after Tooth Extraction in a Bisphosphonate-Induced MRONJ Model.

Background and Objectives: In this experimental study, the prophylactic effect of systemically administered erythropoietin (EPO) in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The osteonecrosis model was established using 36 Sprague Dawley rats. EPO was systemically applied before and/or after tooth extraction. Groups were formed based on the application time. All samples were evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically, and immunohistochemically. A statistically significant difference in new bone formation was observed between the groups (p <

Antibiotic rotation for febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies: clinical significance of antibiotic heterogeneity.

BackgroundOur unit adopted the single administration of cefepime as the initial treatment for febrile episodes in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. However, recently, cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteremia, including those with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers, was frequently observed in these patients. Therefore, we instituted a rotation of primary antibiotics for febrile neutropenic patients in an attempt to control antibiotic resistance.MethodsThis prospective trial was performed from August 2008 through March 2011 at our unit. After a pre-intervention

[Treatment of Bell's palsy: Report of 36 cases].

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies against programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), are being used with increasing frequency for the treatment of cancer. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including colitis, dermatitis, and pneumonitis are well described, but less frequent events are now emerging with larger numbers of patients treated. Herein we describe the incidence and spectrum of thrombocytopenia following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and two severe cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). CASE PRESENTATIONS