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Autoimmunity beyond antibodies: alternative roles of beta-2-glycoprotein I in and out of antiphospholipid syndrome?

The term autoimmune disease refers to autoantibody-dependent pathophysiological conditions, in which characterising the autoantibodies is essential, as is studying their target(s), the (auto)antigen(s), which represent the other side of the coin. In this review, we aimed to go further inside the ultimate experimental works on the pathophysiology of Beta-2-Glycoprotein I (B2GPI), the main target of the antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). This protein is almost unique in the body. It is able to up and down regulate the complement and the coagulative cascade and

Cognitive mechanisms of change in OCD: Inferential confusion, obsessive beliefs, and mindfulness across three randomized treatments.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is widely regarded as the gold-standard psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Inference-based cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) represents a distinct cognitive approach that targets inferential confusion, defined as a reasoning process whereby imagined possibilities are treated as reflecting reality, without relying on deliberate exposure. The present study reports further mechanism-focused analyses from a previously published multicenter randomized controlled trial (Aardema et al., 202

From fandom to inquiry: what game studies reveals about biology learning at the Pokémon Fossil Museum.

Popular culture is increasingly used in biology education, but its value is often explained primarily through a narrow account of engagement: learners recognize a reference, enjoy the activity, and participate more readily. This Perspective argues that game studies offer biology education research (BER) a vocabulary for examining the deeper mechanisms that can make such engagement educationally meaningful, including fan expertise, fictional world knowledge, affect, and identity. I use the Pokémon Fossil Museum at Chicago's Field Museum as a generative case, informed by a reflective visit rathe

Role of quinoline and indole-based heterocycles in revolutionizing Alzheimer's drug discovery: Promising futuristic structural designs.

Imagine a world where memories fade, loved ones become strangers, and the sense of self dissolves. This is the harsh reality for nearly 50 million people worldwide suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. With global prevalence on the rise, the demand for effective therapies is urgent. Yet, despite decades of research, a cure remains out of reach, and current treatments offer only temporary relief, failing to address the root causes of the disease. AD's complex pathology, including amyloi

Psychotherapeutic modalities for phantom limb pain: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: To review the literature regarding psychotherapeutic modalities for phantom limb pain (PLP). METHODS: The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched to identify English-language studies, including review articles, related to psychotherapeutic modalities for PLP published before December 2024. Non-English-language studies, books, book chapters, or unpublished literature were excluded. RESULTS: In total, 55 studies were included in the analysis. There were 28 original studies (such as randomised controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, experimental

"A creature inside me": perceptions and representations of HIV among adolescents living with HIV in Malawi.

Malawi is among the countries with the highest HIV prevalence worldwide. Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face diverse challenges, which influence their emotional wellbeing and long-term health, in addition to impacting HIV onward transmission. HIV education, especially the use of fear-based animation, but also the figurative language used for HIV, contribute to how ALHIV perceive and respond to their HIV status. The aim of the study was to explore how ALHIV in Malawi describe, perceive, and represent HIV, with a particular focus on the role of language in shaping these perceptions and its

Borderline Personality Disorder or First-Episode Psychosis? Challenges in Assessing Psychotic Features in Early Intervention: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a crucial period for the onset of both borderline personality disorder (BPD) and first-episode psychosis. Although transient stress-related paranoid ideation and dissociative symptoms are one of the diagnostic criteria for BPD, determining when these psychotic features progress to early-stage schizophrenia remains unclear. METHODS: Two case studies aimed to explore the challenges in assessing and following up on psychotic features in BPD over time. Two adolescent girls aged 14 and 15 were initially diagnosed with BPD using semi-structured clinical interviews for D

Narrative portraits: affirmative approaches to understanding learning disability in the everyday.

Narrative portraits provide an opportunity to uncover new affirmative understandings of disability and family through the focus on lived experiences. This article will explore how a critical disability studies lens helps us understand narrative approaches and the crip potentials of narrative portraits. Considering the 'joy deficit' within disability research this paper highlights the disruptive potential narrative portraits bring to family sociology and disability studies. This paper presents a narrative portrait as a case study, taken from research carried out with 14 siblings of people with

Making long-acting treatment work: Tracing connections with extended-release buprenorphine depot through time.

INTRODUCTION: How people connect with opioid agonist treatment is an ongoing concern. Extended-release buprenorphine depot (BUP-XR) has been designed with 'retention' in mind. It is important to consider what makes a difference to clients in helping them to stay connected to treatment over time. METHODS: We report findings from the third wave of in-depth interviews with participants (n = 26) in the Community Long-Acting Buprenorphine (CoLAB) study, tracing accounts of connection, disconnection and reconnection with BUP-XR since initiation into treatment. RESULTS: Changing situations in treat

Causation, meaning, and communication.

The words we use to describe what happened shape what comes to a listener's mind. How do speakers choose what causal expressions to use? How does that choice impact what listeners imagine? In this article, we develop a computational model of how people use the causal expressions "caused," "enabled," "affected," and "made no difference." The model first builds a causal representation of what happened. By running counterfactual simulations, the model computes several causal aspects that capture the different ways in which a candidate cause made a difference to the outcome. Logical combinations o

How to improve the well-being of patients in cardiac rehabilitation? A contribution of psychological treatments.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between psychological factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, with a focus on predictive factors and patients' responses in the acute and chronic phases. However, less is known about the impact of specific psychological treatments on the psychological status of patients in cardiovascular rehabilitation. METHODS: This study compares anxiety, depression and illness perception in patients with different CVD at three-time points: baseline (T0), end of the rehabilitation program (T1), and 3 months later (T2). One hundred and eighty-one

Felt embodiment as a motive in flourishing.

As individual persons, we are all embodied in the sense that we have a body with certain needs, sensory systems, feelings, and capacities. Humans and some other animals also have an experience of embodiment, defined as an experience of "my body." This is a combined experience of having a body (the body as an object that can be perceived, imagined, thought about, and evaluated according to different standards) and being this body (the subjective experience of the felt body). The latter is not about the body as an object but is focused on how the body feels. The main claims of the present paper

An analysis of key factors related to adaptation during pregnancy that contribute to the risk of perinatal depression.

BACKGROUND: The third trimester of pregnancy involves multiple changes to which women need to adapt. When such adaptation to pregnancy is unsuccessful, this can increase the risk to suffer perinatal depression. Yet, an integrative analysis of different forms of adaptation to pregnancy and their specific contributions to perinatal depression is still missing. OBJECTIVES: This study thus aimed to advance knowledge on the role of specific indicators of adaptation to pregnancy as predictors of risk for or protection against perinatal depression. DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized non-discriminator

Neuropathy with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies: update on diagnosis, pathophysiology and management.

Antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy is a rare autoimmune demyelinating peripheral neuropathy caused by IgM autoantibodies targeting MAG. The typical presentation is that of a slowly progressive, distal, length-dependent, predominantly sensory, sometimes ataxic neuropathy, frequently accompanied by upper limb tremor. Distal motor weakness may subsequently occur. The clinical presentation may vary and rarely be consistent with that of typical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), as well as have an aggressive and rapidly disabling course. The diagnosis

The "First Look": Individuals' Initial Experiences of Viewing Their Appearance Following Craniofacial Surgery.

Elective surgeries to improve facial appearance are frequently offered to adolescents and adults with craniofacial conditions. While some studies point to the psychosocial benefits of surgery, others have described patient distress and disappointment. The aim of this study was to explore individuals' experiences of viewing their appearance for the first time following craniofacial surgery. An existing questionnaire was adapted for the craniofacial population and disseminated online. Retrospective, mixed methods data from 31 adults with a range of craniofacial conditions were analysed using des

When Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Is Diagnosed in Utero: Insights from Two Families.

INTRODUCTION: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting ciliary function, leading to chronic respiratory ilness. Prenatal diagnosis remains uncommon, with most cases identified postnatally through clinical symptoms and genetic testing. However, advancements in prenatal screening have enabled earlier detection, presenting parents with complex medical and ethical dilemmas. This study explores parental decision-making following such a diagnosis, identifying key influencing factors and highlighting the role of healthcare providers in offering informed guidance. METHODS

Malposition of a nasogastric tube into the middle ear of a premature one week old infant.

A significant number of pediatric patients require a nasogastric tube (NGT) during their hospital stay for indications including nutrition support, medication delivery and decompression of the gastrointestinal tract. As such NGT placement is commonly performed; however, misplacement can occur into other anatomic sites within proximity.Primary DiagnosisWe report a first in the literature case of NGT misplacement into the middle ear via the eustachian tube in a one-week-old premature infant that required an NGT for feeding support.Clinical FindingsThere was no reported resistance or concerns dur

Взаимодействие с Мозгом: Как нанотехнология может способствовать.

Соединение искусственных устройств с человеческим мозгом является главной целью нейротехнологий. Однако наше воображение часто ограничивается существующими парадигмами и технологиями. Со временем, наряду с имеющейся технологией, изменились предложения в отношении интерфейсов мозга и автомата. Механические рычаги и кабельные лебедки использовались для перемещения частей мозга в механическую эпоху. Сложное электронное проводка и дистанционное управление возникли в эпоху электронной связи, что в конечном счете привело к созданию компьютерных интерфейсов. Тем не менее, наши мозги настолько сложны,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology. Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain du…

Shear wave elastography for thyroid nodule evaluation in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.

PURPOSE: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a valuable tool in discerning the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. This study investigates whether 2D-SWE can reliably differentiate malignant thyroid nodules in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT), despite the challenges posed by fibrosis, which can increase tissue stiffness and complicate diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective observational study evaluated 130 thyroid nodules (91 benign, 39 malignant) in patients with underlying CAT using conventional ultrasound (B-mode) and 2D-SWE with SuperSonic Mach30 equipment (Supersonic Imagi

Examining the effectiveness of positive reappraisal in the context of discrimination.

Positive reappraisal has been shown to be a generally effective emotion regulation strategy associated with multiple indices of greater psychological functioning. There are, however, some emotion-eliciting events, such as discrimination, that may not lend themselves to favorable alternative interpretations or which have relatively fewer affordances. In such instances, a reappraisal strategy could lose its effectiveness. We conducted an experimental test of this hypothesized ineffectiveness of positive reappraisal within a discriminatory context. Participants were 404 Black and Latine college s