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Case report: Clinical course and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric CAR-T cell recipient with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia.

This report describes a pediatric patient who underwent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) four years prior, with resultant hypogammaglobulinemia for which he was receiving weekly subcutaneous immune globulin. He presented with persistent fever, dry cough, and a tingling sensation in his toes following a confirmed COVID-19 infection 3 weeks prior. His initial nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR was negative, leading to an extensive workup for other infections. He was ultimately diagnosed with persistent lower respiratory tract CO

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… Prior studies have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals who have recovered from infection produce immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies targeting the viral N (nucleocapsid) and S (spike) proteins, including the receptor-binding domain. … In another case report, a 73-year-old patient with multiple myeloma presented 25 days after CAR-T therapy with cough and hypoxia, and was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR testing of an NP swab with a low cycle threshold (20.1 for nucleocapsid protein, 21.5 for envelope protein) ( 17 ). …

Immunotherapy and CRISPR Cas Systems: Potential Cure of COVID-19?

The COVID-19 has plunged the world into a pandemic that affected millions. The continually emerging new variants of concern raise the question as to whether the existing vaccines will continue to provide sufficient protection for individuals from SARS-CoV-2 during natural infection. This narrative review aims to briefly outline various immunotherapeutic options and discuss the potential of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR Cas system technology against COVID-19 treatment as specific cure. As the development of vaccine, convalescent plasma, neutralizing antibodies

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… Moreover, two of the vaccinees caught COVID-19 and showed that the BNT162b2 vaccine does not induce a immune reaction to nucleocapsid and membrane protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 whereas infection with the virus itself does. 112 Appropriate T cell counts and adequate T cell activation and expansion in numbers … Human CD4+ T cells specific for dominant epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins with therapeutic potential . Clin Exp Immunol . 2021 ; 205 ( 3 ): 363 – 378 . PMID: 34061349; PMCID: PMC8239517 . doi: 10.1111/cei.13627 34061349 PMC8239517 118. Basar R , Uprety N , Ensley E , et al. …

Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in children aged 6-17 years: a preliminary report of COV006, a phase 2 single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination of children and young people against SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in some countries. Scarce data have been published on … condary outcome was immunogenicity, which was assessed in participants who were seronegative to the nucleocapsid protein at baseline and received both prime and boost vaccine. This study is registered with ISRCTN (15638344). FINDINGS: Between Feb 15 and April 2, 2021, 262 participants (150 [57%] participants aged 12-17 years and 112 [43%] aged 6-11 years; due …

Recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies or haematopoietic cell transplantation, from the 2021 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 9).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that spread worldwide from 2019 causing the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by an initial viral phase followed in some patients by a severe inflammatory phase. Importantly, immunocompromised patients may have a prolonged viral phase, shedding infectious viral particles for months, and absent or dysfunctional inflammatory phase. Among haematological patients, COVID-19 has been associated with high mortality rate in acute leukaemia, high risk-myelodysplastic syndromes,

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… Considering the polyclonal antibody response of natural infection against spike surface proteins (including receptor binding domain proteins) and nucleocapsid proteins, the use of serological test specific for spike proteins or nucleocapsid protein can help distinguish between a previous exposure to … The determination of antibody against nucleocapsid protein is also part of differential diagnosis of MIS-C [ 55 – 57 ]. …

Долговременный иммунитет Т к вакцинам COVID-19 у пациентов MS при лечении истощения клеток B.

Защитная защита, обеспечиваемая вакцинами COVID-19 MRNA, связана с антиспайком (S) белка, нейтрализующим антитела. Тем не менее, юморальный иммунитет скомпрометирован в терапии B-клероза (BCD), используемой для лечения аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз (MS). Для изучения воздействия КБД на долговечность и эффективность защиты иммунитета, обусловленного вакцинацией, мы провели оценку реакции S-реактивных антител и Т-клеток за 1-70 недель после вакцинации в когортах MS, обработанных КБД, по сравнению с лечением, не связанным с БЦД, из четырех центров. Участники, прошедши

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… These donors were confirmed to have no clinical history of COVID-19 infection and their post-vaccine blood samples were negative for anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies (Table 1 ), allowing for investigation of a vaccine-induced response. … – 1 (1.0)  Fingolimod – 1 (1.7) – 9 (9.3)  Glatiramer Acetate – 8 (13.8) – 16 (16.5)  Interferon beta-1a – 4 (6.9) – 5 (5.1)  Interferon beta-1b – 0 (0) – 1 (1.0)  Natalizumab – 13 (22.4) – 19 (19.6)  Siponimod – 0 (0) – 2 (2.1)  Teriflunomide – 6 (10.4) – 6 (6.2)  None – 14 (24.1) – 22 (22.7) Anti-Nucleocapsid …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus.

Vaccines against infectious bronchitis of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) have arguably been the most successful, and certainly the most … es are immunodominant with respect to neutralizing antibody. Initial studies of the role of the IBV nucleocapsid protein (N) in immunity suggested that immunization with bacterially expressed N, while not inducing protection directly, improved the induction of protection by a subsequent inoculation with inactivated IBV. In another study, two intramuscular immu …

Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Infections in Cancer Patients.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are alpha herpesviruses that establish life-long latent infection in neuronal ganglia after primary infection. Periodic reactivation of these viruses results in recurrent infections that can have significant impact on patients' quality of life. HSV commonly causes oral and genital mucocutaneous infections whereas VZV is responsible for varicella/chickenpox and herpes zoster/shingles, but cancer patients are at particularly higher risk of complications including disseminated and visceral infections due to impaired cell-mediated immunit

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… Upon attachment of the virion glycoproteins to host receptors, fusion of the viral envelope and cell membrane occurs resulting in the release of the nucleocapsid (and the tegument) into the cytoplasm. … The viral DNA is packaged into pre-formed capsids and the newly formed nucleocapsid then bud through the inner nuclear membrane and traverse the cytoplasm through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus [ 2 ]. …

KSHV and cancer: understanding the oncogenic machinery for next-generation diagnostic tools and therapies.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is an oncogenic virus responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphoproliferative disorders like primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). This review explores KSHV's oncogenic mechanisms, focusing on its ability to manipulate host cell signaling, evade immune detection, and promote tumorigenesis through latent and lytic viral proteins. Key oncoproteins, such as LANA, vCyc, vFLIP, and vGPCR, activate cancer hallmarks, as sustained proliferation, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and re

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… Current strategies include aptamer–siRNA conjugates for transcriptional regulation and aptamers engineered to recognize critical viral proteins—such as Rav, nucleocapsid (NC) proteins, reverse transcriptase (RT), integrases, and proteases of HIV (Bala et al. 2018 ), as well as gB of HCMV (Kumar 2021 … Virology 406(1):103–16. 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.012 Kim MY, Jeong S (2004) Inhibition of the functions of the nucleocapsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus-1 by an RNA aptamer. …

Serology-based therapeutic strategy in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a life-threatening disease. The optimal treatment of patients is not yet standardized. We use a serology-based therapeutic strategy based on the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in which patients with positive serology receive aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment with high-dose dexamethasone and/or tocilizumab and patients with negative serology receive early convalescent plasma therapy. We also analyze the immunological impact of this therapy in the recovery of T cells, B cells and NK cells during hospitalization in a COVID-19 infectious ward.

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… Laboratory testing Convalescent plasma was obtained from convalescent donors with positive antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) antigen using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 in an immunoassay for the in vitro qualitative detection of antibodies (including IgG) to SARS-CoV-2. … Enzyme Immuno Assay (ELISA) for the determination of IgG and IgM antibodies to COVID19-specific Nucleocapsid (“Core”) and Spike antigen were also performed for testing human antibodies in plasma from all donors in accordance with the manufactureŕs instructions. …

Molecular factors associated with lung cancer in people living with HIV.

Lung cancer is the most common Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer (NADC) and a leading cause of cancer-related death in People Living With HIV (PLWH). Despite antiretroviral therapy, PLWH are at higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. This increased susceptibility reflects a combination of immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, smoking, and direct oncogenic effects of HIV proteins. Tat, gp120, and Nef modulate cell cycle control, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Persistent HIV reservoirs in lung tissue (mainly effector memory

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… The envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 mediate receptor recognition and fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane, allowing entry of the nucleocapsid. 9 Once internalized, the viral RNA is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA while the nucleocapsid migrates to the nucleus. …

Ferret coronavirus-associated diseases.

A novel coronavirus of ferrets was first described in 1993. This coronavirus caused an enteric disease called epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE). Recently, a ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV)-associated disease was discovered. This new systemic disease resembles the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and has been reported in the United States and Europe. This article addresses the clinical signs, pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this ferret FIP-like disease.

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… approximately 120 nm in diameter, in cytoplasmic vacuoles of apical enterocytes and at the cell surface. 5 Similar viral particles were observed electron-microscopically in fecal samples from multiple ferrets. 5 In subsequent studies, partial sequences of the polymerase, spike, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid … genes were identified using coronavirus consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. 3 Based on analyses of these data and the complete sequence of the nucleocapsid gene, the ECE-associated coronavirus was found to be a novel coronavirus most closely related to group 1 coronaviruses. …

Revisiting potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.

Since an outbreak started in China in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide epidemic with high contagiousness and caused mass mortalities of infected cases around the world. Currently, available treatments for COVID-19, including supportive care, respiratory support and antiviral therapy, have shown limited efficacy. Thus, more effective therapeutic modalities are highly warranted. Drug repurposing, as an efficient strategy to explore a potential broader scope of the application of approved drugs beyond their original indications, accelerates the process of d

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… It contains four main structural proteins, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins [ 13 ]. The S protein consists of two distinct subunits S1 and S2, whose primary role is facilitating membrane fusion thus enabling SARS-CoV-2 to enter susceptible cells. … Subsequently, nucleocapsids are assembled and bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (step 11) to produce a complete virus particle. Finally, virions traffic to the Golgi (step 12) and exit the host cell (step 13). …

A Possible Role of Remdesivir and Plasma Therapy in the Selective Sweep and Emergence of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Since summer 2020, SARS-CoV-2 strains at the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic have suddenly been replaced by new SARS-CoV-2 variants, some of which are highly transmissible and spread at a high rate. These variants include the Marseille-4 lineage (Nextclade 20A.EU2) in Europe, the 20I/501Y.V1 variant first detected in the UK, the 20H/501Y.V2 variant first detected in South Africa, and the 20J/501Y.V3 variant first detected in Brazil. These variants are characterized by multiple mutations in the viral spike protein that is targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited in response to infection or

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… V70G at positions mutated in variant 20I/501Y.V1 b | Death on day 271 [ 24 ] | Male, 50–60 | Organ transplantation | 145 | Days 140–150 | - | | Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, ivermectine (days 56–60) | At day 105: 16 substitutions (7 in ORF1ab, 4 in spike, 1 in ORF3a, 1 in ORF7b, 3 in nucleocapsid … One non-synonymous mutation occurred in the envelope and three in the nucleocapsid. A single synonymous mutation was observed in the RdRp. SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples was found to be infectious when tested at days 75 and 143. …

A review on in silico virtual screening methods in COVID-19 using anticancer drugs and other natural/chemical inhibitors.

The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic scenario has posed a difficulty for cancer treatment. Even under ideal conditions, malignancies like small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are challenging to treat because of their fast development and early metastases. The treatment of these patients must not be jeopardized, and they must be protected as much as possible from the continuous spread of the COVID-19 infection. Initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the contagious coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (S

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… There are at least four structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2: the spike protein (S-protein), the envelope protein, the membrane protein, and the nucleocapsid protein [ 3 ]. The virus causes minor or no symptoms to death and is characterized by fever, dry cough, and fatigue [ 4 ]. … It was determined that ACE2, BTK, membrane protein, Mpro, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, Nsp14, PLpro, RdRp, SRBD, and TMPRSS2-specific dimensions would be used to dock the virus and host proteins in a grid box. …

Clinical role of bisphosphonate therapy.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate. They inhibit bone resorption and are therefore widely used in disorders where there are increases or disruptions in bone resorption. This includes postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and malignancy-related bone loss. To best understand the clinical application of BPs, an understanding of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is important. This review describes the structure, pharmacology and mode of action of BPs, focusing on their role in clinical practice. Controversie

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… Both the measles virus nucleocapsid and the sequeste-some ( SQSTM1 ) gene, which encodes the p62 protein, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PDP, although their relative contributions remain to be established. … It has been reported that osteoclasts from 70% of PDB patients express measles virus nucleocapsid. …

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation is Feasible in Patients with Prior COVID-19 Infection.

There are limited data on outcomes of patients with prior Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who proceeded to autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Whether these patients are more susceptible to poor outcomes and recurrence of COVID-19 is unknown. We report a retrospective analysis of outcomes of 15 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies who experienced COVID-19 and subsequently underwent autologous (n = 8) or allogeneic (n = 7) HCT between June 17, 2020, and February 17, 2021. The cohort included patients with asymptomatic past infections or symptomat

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… For anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing, the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) was used to detect serum IgG antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in routine clinical practice. …

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview.

Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and

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… These proteins utilize the secretory pathway to combine with nucleocapsid (N) protein in the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membranes [ 41 ]. … The structural proteins are arranged from outside to inside as follows: (1) spike glycoprotein (S), (2) small envelope glycoprotein (E), (3) membrane glycoprotein (M), and (4) nucleocapsid protein (N) [ 67 ]. …

Идентификация и каталог регуляторов вирусной транскрипции заболеваний человека.

Вирусные геномы кодируют регуляторы вирусной транскрипции (vTRs), которые манипулируют экспрессией гена хоста, чтобы облегчить воспроизведение и избежать иммунной обнаружения. Тем не менее их роль в нераковых болезнях по-прежнему в значительной степени недооценивается. Здесь мы представили 268 новых кандидатов в VTR из 14 из 20 вирусных семей, которые мы расследовали. Мы картировали связующие профили генома VTR и определили их потенциальные цели человека, которые были обогащены иммунно-посредованными путями, нейродегенеративными расстройствами и раком. На основе анализа предпочтений VTR, имеющ

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… These vTRs include structural proteins, such as the envelope (E) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, which are essential for virus assembly and replication. … Other components, such as virion component, viral nucleocapsid, and ribonucleoprotein complex, may help in viral assembly inside the host cell. …

COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network.

Patients with multiple myeloma frequently present with substantial immune impairment and an increased risk for infections and infection-related mortality. The risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus and resulting mortality is also increased, emphasising the importance of protecting patients by vaccination. Available data in patients with multiple myeloma suggest a suboptimal anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response, meaning a proportion of patients are unprotected. Factors associated with poor response are uncontrolled disease, immunosuppression, concomitant therapy, more lines of therapy, and CD38 an

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… The vaccines aim for inducing immunity against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein, or the full-length spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, or other viral epitopes. … BTN161b2 vaccine has been shown to induce a de novo S1-specific and S2-specific response in CD4 + cells and CD8 + T cells with reactivity against eight spike epitopes, with most of them being conserved on the mutant strains. 27 A preprint 33 has reported robust T-cell responses to the wild-type spike and nucleocapsid …

Natural and semisynthetic candidate molecules for COVID-19 prophylaxis and treatment.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a family of viruses that have numerous animal hosts, and they cause severe respiratory, as well as systemic and enteric infections, in humans. Currently, there are limited antiviral strategies for treating patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lack of specific antiviral medicines and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines continues to aggravate the situation. Natural product-based antiviral drugs have been used in the two previous CoV outbreaks: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the first SARS-CoV. This re

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… structural proteins: ‘S’ glycoprotein, which causes the virus to attach to the membranes of human host cells; ‘E’ glycoprotein, which is required for the initial uptake of the virus by the host cell membranes; ‘M’ protein of the viral membrane, playing a role in viral assembly; and ‘N’ protein of the nucleocapsid … The research proves that the main mechanisms of action underlying this promising effect of polyphenols are the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer and the inhibition of nucleocapsid protein expression. …