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[Breastfeeding duration, mixed feeding and health risk in Costa Rican children and adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the associations between breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding (breast milk and formula) with obesity, cardiometabolic risk (WHtR), body fat, and dietary and physical activity risk behaviors in children and adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: cross-sectional study carried out with 1,467 students in Costa Rica. An interview was conducted with parents and children to gather information on socioeconomic status, education, dietary and physical activity risk behaviors of the youth, including breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding. Body mass index, waist circumference, and

Parental stress as a predictor of wheezing in infancy: a prospective birth-cohort study.

The role of stress in the pathogenesis of childhood wheeze remains controversial. Caretaker stress might influence wheeze through stress-ind … ffect of caregiver stress on early childhood wheeze was independent of caregiver smoking and breast-feeding behaviors, as well as allergen exposure, birth weight, and lower respiratory infections. These findings suggest a more direct mechanism may be operating between stress and wheeze in early childhood. Stress may contribute significantly to the population burde …

Development of an Individualized Responsive Feeding Intervention-Learning Early Infant Feeding Cues: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Study.

BACKGROUND: Responsive infant feeding occurs when a parent recognizes the infant's cues of hunger or satiety and responds promptly to these cues. It is known to promote healthy dietary patterns and infant weight gain and is recommended as part of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. However, the use of responsive infant feeding can be challenging for many parents. Research is needed to assist caregivers recognize infant hunger or satiety cues and overcoming barriers to using responsive infant feeding. OBJECTIVE: The Learning Early Infant Feeding Cues (LEIFc) intervention was designed to fill

Excessive Weight Gain Followed by Catch-Down in Exclusively Breastfed Infants: An Exploratory Study.

Some infants experience excessive weight gain (EWG) during exclusive breastfeeding, but causes and consequences are unknown. The objective was to identify factors associated with early EWG. Infants with EWG (HW-group) were examined at 5, 9 and 18 mo and compared to a breastfed group with normal weight gain (NW-group). Anthropometry, body composition, milk and blood samples, and milk intake were measured. Mean body-mass-index-for-age z-scores (BAZ) increased 1.93 from birth to 5 mo in the HW-group (n = 13) while the NW-group (n = 17) was unchanged (-0.01). The HW-group had 70% more fat mass at

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and associations with infant weight, gender and feeding mode in an Australian sample.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ) in an Australian community sample of mother-infant dyads. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between the BEBQ subscales and infant gender, weight and current feeding mode. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) utilising structural equation modelling examined the hypothesised four-factor model of the BEBQ. Only mothers (N=467) who completed all items on the BEBQ (infant age: M=17 weeks, SD= weeks) were included in the analysis. The original four-factor model did not provide an

Satiety responsiveness and eating behavior among Chilean adolescents and the role of breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of satiety responsiveness and its relationship to eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), in a cohort of adolescents. We also assessed whether sex, body mass index and duration of breastfeeding, during infancy, predicted satiety responsiveness and eating behavior at 16 years. METHODS: Adolescents (n=576) from a longitudinal cohort, which began as an iron deficiency anemia preventive trial, participated in an unlimited breakfast after an overnight fast, and reported satiety response on a visual analog scale after the meal, followed by an EAH procedure. Height, w

Aphid Probing and Phloem Feeding Trigger Distinct Plant Immune Programs, Identifying a Broad‑Spectrum Trypsin Protease Inhibitor.

Aphid feeding begins with brief exploratory probing and transitions to prolonged phloem ingestion, yet whether these distinct phases trigger different plant immune programs remains unknown. We show that probing and phloem feeding are associated with distinct plant immune cascades. Under probing-enriched conditions, we observed selective activation of jasmonate (JA) signaling, accompanied by significant ROS bursts and vascular callose deposition, whereas phloem feeding elicits only marginal salicylic acid accumulation. Probing-enriched conditions imposes severe fitness penalties on aphids, a ph

Different reticuloruminal pH metrics of high-yielding dairy cattle during the transition period in relation to metabolic health, activity, and feed intake.

The measurement of pH in the reticulorumen in combination with a time-pH threshold has been widely applied in research to diagnose subacute ruminal acidosis. However, other pH metrics also have biological value. In this study, 44 animals were monitored during the transition period using reticuloruminal pH boluses. Traditional and more complex pH characteristics were calculated to characterize the reticuloruminal pH profile: time pH <6, slope of a logistic cumulative pH curve (β0), and deviations [squared error (SqEr)] from pH predictions based on a harmonic static model. In this study, we aime

Effects of blood meal sources on the biological characteristics of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).

Mosquitoes transmit many diseases to humans and animals e.g., malaria, yellow fever, dengue, filariasis and encephalitis. The fundamental target of this search was to study the effect of three different blood meal sources (human; rabbit and pigeon) on some biological and behavioral properties of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. The results have assured that the females of the mosquito Ae. aegypti that were fed on human blood meal has registered the highest feeding activity from feeding on the blood meal whereas the females of the other mosquito Cx. pipiens have shown the highest feeding activi

Amylin Acts in the Lateral Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus to Regulate Energy Balance Through Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling.

BACKGROUND: The pancreatic- and brain-derived hormone amylin promotes negative energy balance and is receiving increasing attention as a pro … s by the agonist salmon calcitonin dose-dependently reduces body weight, food intake, and motivated feeding behaviors. Acute pharmacological studies and longer-term adeno-associated viral knockdown experiments indicate that LDTg amylin receptor signaling is physiologically and potentially preclinically relevant for energy balance control. Finally, immunohistochemi …

Hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown or blockade represses LPS-induced depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory response in mice.

Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in depression and that the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) plays a potential pathophysiological role in several types of CNS disorders. Our previous study has shown that knockdown of hippocampal CysLT1R in mice prevents the depressive-like phenotype and neuroinflammation induced by chronic mild stress (CMS). Here, we examined the effects of hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown and CysLT1R blockade on LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. We found that injection of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, ip) caused marked increase in hippocampal CysLT1R

Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes.

Understanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Combining 4 years of telemetry-derived behavioral data on juvenile and adult (30-80 cm) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and in situ ocean temperature measurements, we found a significant effect of sea temperature on cod depth use and activity level in coas

Family-centered feeding support and nutritional quality in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A comparative cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To compare eating behaviors, caregiver feeding practices, and nutritional quality between children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and typically developing (TD) peers, and to identify feeding-related constraints relevant to pediatric nursing assessment. DESIGN AND METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study included 205 children aged 3-10 years from pediatric clinics in Guangdong and Hunan Provinces, China: 91 with NDDs and 114 TD children. Caregivers completed validated questionnaires, and trained staff obtained anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using grou

[Feeding, eating, and swallowing disorders in infants and children : An overview].

Swallowing is a dynamic process that requires more than 30 muscles in the recruitment/coordination of the lips, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. The eating and swallowing procedure is learned in sensitive or critical periods: when a certain degree of maturation has been achieved, the appropriate stimulus permits a certain milestone of development to occur. The swallowing procedure occurs in three main stages oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal. Therefore, swallowing disorders may present in any, some, or all of these stages in addition to feeding problems. Adult dysphagia, or diffic

Cloning and effects of fasting on the brain expression levels of appetite-regulators and reproductive hormones in glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus).

The regulation of feeding is a complex process that involves coordination between various signals. Feeding hormones can be described as orexigenic (stimulate food intake, e.g. orexin and neuropeptide Y - NPY) or anorexigenic (inhibit food intake, e.g. cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript - CART). Reproduction and energy homeostasis are closely linked, as factors that affect appetite have also been shown to influence reproductive hormones and behaviors. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the most influential factors controlling reproduction. Although our understanding of th

Empowering communities against AMR: Evaluating the one health-based antibiotic-wise village (SAJAKA) in Bali, Indonesia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue, especially in low-resource settings. A One Health-based community engagement approach, such as the Antibiotic-Wise Village (SAJAKA) model, offers a potential solution. This study assessed SAJAKA's implementation in four Bali villages, evaluating its impact on knowledge and antibiotic use behavior. The intervention included workshops, school programs, poultry feed/water analysis, and medical audits. Using a pre-test/post-test design, 769 participants including household mothers, schoolchildren, farmers, healthcare workers were su

Adiponectin and gastric fundus: A potential target for gut-brain axis dysfunctions.

Adiponectin (ADPN) is a pleiotropic hormone produced by adipose tissue involved in the control of body weight, energy expenditure, and feeding behaviors. Alongside a central effect, ADPN acts on peripheral organs such as the stomach, where it can favor gastric fundus relaxation, reinforcing central satiety signals. Notably, ADPN serum levels are dysregulated in several conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, altered hormone levels coexist with disorders related to the gut-brain axis malfunctioning, that is, eating disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. Aiming at consider…

Effect of prolonged dehydration stress on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti for Mayaro virus.

Aedes aegypti is a competent vector for a variety of mosquito-borne viruses including Zika, chikungunya, Mayaro, yellow fever, and dengue, which cause debilitating diseases in animals and humans. It is highly invasive and is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. Climatic factors such as relative humidity (RH) can have substantial effects on mosquito biological characteristics and the dynamics of pathogen spread. Low RH leads to dehydration in mosquitoes causing modifications in behavioral and physiological responses pertaining to pathogen spread, such as host-seeki

Орексин и жизненные привычки: значимая связь между питанием, физической активностью и снотворным в области здоровья и болезней.

Orexin — нейропептид, производимый в гипоталамусе, играющий ключевую роль в регулировании циклов сливной ваки, энергетического метаболизма, питания и физической активности. Она существует в двух формах: орексин-А и орексин-В, которые связаны с G белковыми рецепторами OX1R и OX2R с различными связями. Орексиновые сигналы широко распространены в мозгу и распространяются на периферийные ткани, включая жировые ткани. Его участие в гипоталамических и экстрагипотальмических схемах предполагает широкую роль в гомеостатическом регулировании. Дисфункции в системе орексинергии связаны с нейродегенератив

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Orexin is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that plays a key role in regulating slee-wake cycles, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and physical activity. It exists in two forms, orexin-A and orexin-B, which bind to G protein-coupled receptors OX1R and OX2R with differing affinities. Orexin signaling is widespread in the brain and extends to per…

[Translated article] Mechanical properties variations of immature bone in the earliest stages of development.

INTRODUCTION: Bone as a material varies its composition and mechanical properties throughout life. Although these variations are better understood in adulthood, there is little experimental information on the variation of these properties in early stages of development. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical behavior and chemical properties of cortical bone tissue from two animal species in these earliest stages. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: Twenty specimens of cortical bone were manufactured from bovine and ovine species that were in different stages of development (feeding ex