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Clinical efficacy analysis of mucoperiosteal flap combined with perforation technique for tooth extraction in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw risk population: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: To analyze and summarize the clinical efficacy of mucoperiosteal flap combined with perforation technique for tooth extraction in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw risk (MRONJ) population, and to provide clinical treatment options for such patients. METHODS: This study included 51 patients receiving antiresorptive drug (ARD) treatment who underwent tooth extraction at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between November 2016 and February 2024. Preoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed. Based

Management of Multiple Myeloma: A Review for General Practitioners in Oncology.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal plasma cell disorder in the bone marrow and is the second-most common hematologic malignancy in adults. Although patients with MM have a moderate life expectancy, it remains a heterogeneous disease that often requires multiple lines of chemotherapy for durable control and long-term survival. This review outlines current management strategies for both transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients as well as for relapsed and refractory disease. Advances in drug therapies have widened management options and improved survival. In this paper, we

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… In addition, more than 60% of patients will develop a fracture during the course of the disease because of multiple disruptions to normal bone metabolism induced by MM through dysregulation of the normal bone remodeling process involving osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone matrix, and immune cells …

Deep Learning-Based 30-Day Mortality Prediction in Critically Ill Bone and Bone Marrow Metastasis Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Bone and bone marrow Metastasis (BBM) are life-threatening complications of advanced malignancies, frequently requiring intensive care and associated with high short-term mortality. However, prognostic tools specifically tailored to critically ill BBM patients are limited. This multicenter cohort study aimed to develop and validate deep learning models for predicting 30-day mortality using ICU data from MIMIC-IV, eICU-CRD, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. After univariate screening, XGBoost-Boruta and Lasso regression identified 11 key clinical features within

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… The Emerging Role of Osteocytes in Cancer in Bone JBMR Plus 2019 3 10186 10.1002/jbm4.10186 PMC6419608 30918922 53. Tuffour A. Kosiba A.A. Zhang Y. Peprah F.A. Gu J. Shi H. Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Identifying a Potential Therapeutic Target Biochim. …

TGF-β: an active participant in the immune and metabolic microenvironment of multiple myeloma : TGF-β in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma.

Although substantial quantities of potent therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) have been established, MM remains an incurable disease. In recent years, our understanding of the initiation, development, and metastasis of cancers has made a qualitative leap. Cancers attain the abilities to maintain proliferation signals, escape growth inhibitors, resist cell death, induce angiogenesis, and more importantly, escape anti-tumor immunity and reprogram metabolism, which are the hallmarks of cancers. Besides, different cancers have different tumor microenvironments (TME), thus, we pay more attention to

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… Osteocytes, containing osteogenic cells, osteoblasts (OBs), and OCs, contribute to bone health. Under normal conditions, osteogenic cells transform into OBs, which generate bone tissues through synthesis, secretion, and mineralization. …

Denosumab in pediatric bone disorders and the role of RANKL blockade: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Denosumab is a valuable and safe therapy for skeletal disorders in adults and has received regulatory approval to treat osteoporosis and bone metastases. However, denosumab is not licensed for pediatric use due to a lack of high-quality prospective research on children. This study aimed to describe and discuss the benefits and disadvantages of denosumab in treating bone diseases in children and to summarize the current understanding of the role of denosumab therapy in children. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted using the literature retrieved from the PubMed,

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… RANK, which is highly expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, is the receptor protein of RANKL. …

Abstracts

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… Results : At PMI 0 it was possible to observe well-preserved osteocytes, with walls well attached to the osteocyte lacuna, the presence of a nucleus with normal chromatin, the evidence of preserved mitochondria and extensions containing cytoplasm; however, the first signs of cellular autolysis were evident … typical of a pycnotic nucleus, in other osteocytes cariorexes and caryolysis had already occurred; residues of endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were evident; at PMI 2 some osteocyte lacunae showed large masses of cytoplasmic debris; from PMI 3 to PMI 20 the lacunae appeared almost empty with peripheral …

Spatiotemperal Dynamics of Osteoarthritis: Преобразование значений от стенда до Бедсайда.

Остеоартрит (OA) представляет собой многогранное дегенеративное совместное расстройство, вызванное различными факторами риска, такими, как возраст, механический стресс, воспаление и метаболическое воздействие. Эти элементы способствуют его разнообразным фенотипам и эндотипам, что подчеркивает имманентную сложность болезни. Участие нескольких тканей и их взаимодействие еще больше осложняет расследование ОА. Нынешние ограничения в области технологий пространственного фенотификации в сочетании со сложной сетью многофакторных взаимодействий препятствуют обнаружению надежных ранних диагностических

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… Osteocytes, residing within the bone matrix, are necessary for bone maintenance and mechanosensation. Regulating bone remodelling through signalling pathways involves markers such as sclerostin (SOST) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1). … Tissue | Cell Type / Subpopulation | Location | Markers | Function | Early OA | Advanced OA Calcified Cartilage zone [ 151 ] | Chondroclasts | Calcified cartilage | MMP9, CTSK | Degradation of cartilage matrix | NA | Increased presence contributes to cartilage degradation Subchondral Bone [ 151 ] | Osteocytes …

Cellular senescence-from solid organs to vascularized composite allotransplants.

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a novel therapy approach to restore form and function in patients with severe tissue defects of the face, hand, and abdominal wall, among other anatomical regions. The composite allografts comprise different tissues such as skin, muscle, or bone. Clinical data demonstrate promising mid- and long-term outcomes following VCA surgery, but our understanding of the cellular interactions and molecular pathways in VCA surgery is oftentimes deduced from solid organ transplantation (SOT). In SOT, the concept of cellular senescence has grow

Влияние лечения рака на оральные структуры и лицо черепа - последствия для протезирования и онкологического риска.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Настоящее исследование направлено на выявление осложнений и трудностей при проведении остеоинтеграции имплантатов в онкологических пациентах, учитывая влияние лечения на микроархитектуру краниофасциальной области, микробиомо рта и воспаление полости рта. НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ: Хирургическая резекция, радиотерапия, химиотерапия и таргетная терапия значительно влияют на состояние костей, слизистых оболочек и мягких тканей, а также на возможности и ограничения протезирования. Химиотерапия значительно влияет на метаболизм кальция и фосфора. Было замечено, что существует увеличенный риск перел

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… Researchers have identified it in some mesenchymal tumors, and osteoblasts and osteocytes are its major producers. Sex hormones such as estrogens and androgens can also influence calcium-phosphate homeostasis [ 36 ]. … Combination therapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for four cycles resulted in a reduction in trabecular bone volume in the metaphysis, as well as a decrease in serum 25 -hydroxyvitamin D3 and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and a decrease in the density of osteocytes and bone lining cells was …

Silencing SFRP1 in bone mesenchymal stem cells alleviates pediatric B-ALL-driven bone loss by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

BackgroundBone loss is the most common skeletal complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and seriously affects the long-term survival quality of children. However, the mechanisms behind bone loss are complicated and need to be elucidated. This study seeks to examine the principal parameters influencing the osteogenic development of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) experiencing bone loss, and to identify viable ways for alleviating bone loss.MethodsFirstly, bone mass of adolescent B-ALL patients

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… Fig. 6 Furthermore, β-catenin expression was markedly elevated in shSFRP1@Lipo-E7 (24.554 ± 0.721) compared to mB-ALL + PBS controls (5.897 ± 0.2), accompanied by enhanced nuclear translocation within trabecular osteocytes ( Fig. 6 B–D). …

MiR-328-5p/BCL7A axis is involved in fracture healing by modulating osteoblast function.

BackgroundDelayed fracture healing severely impacts patients' quality of life and imposes economic burdens.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of miR-328-5p in fracture healing and its underlying molecular mechanisms, providing novel insights for the management of delayed fracture healing.MethodsSerum miR-328-5p levels were measured by RT-qPCR in 125 tibial fracture patients. The diagnostic potential of miR-328-5p for delayed healing was assessed through ROC curve analysis. Osteogenic differentiation of hFOB 1.19 cells was induced using osteogenic medium followed by evaluation of

Skeletal stem cells, a new direction for the treatment of bone and joint diseases.

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and their position at the apex of the differentiation hierarchy. They can generate mature bone cell types essential for bone development, maintenance, and repair. Lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that SSCs reside in the bone marrow, periosteum, and the resting zone of the growth plate. These findings not only enhance our understanding of bone growth and development mechanisms but also offer novel therapeutic strategies for conditions such as epiphyseal injuries, fractures, os

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… Hypertrophic chondrocytes can become osteoblasts and osteocytes in endochondral bone formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:12097–12102. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302703111. 44. Maes C, Kobayashi T, Selig MK, Torrekens S, Roth SI, Mackem S, Carmeliet G, Kronenberg HM. …

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration and Associated Bone Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and bi

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… Extracellular vesicles act on monocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, which in turn activate signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and RANKL, and ultimately promote bone regeneration. …

Emergence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Indispensable Cellular Player in Bone Metastasis Process.

Bone metastasis is frequently complicated in patients with advanced solid cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, and impairs patients' quality of life and prognosis. At the first step of bone metastasis, cancer cells adhere to the endothelium in bone marrow and survive in a dormant state by utilizing hematopoietic niches present therein. Once a dormant stage is disturbed, cancer cells grow through the interaction with various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Consequently, osteoclast activation is a hallmark of bone metastasis. As a consequence,

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… Osteoblasts differentiate terminally into osteocytes, which are embedded in bone, to sense mechanical stress and deliver signals to osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby participating in bone remodeling ( Figure 2 ) [ 38 ]. …

Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications.

The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms

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… They can rapidly proliferate and generate several specialized cell types in vitro, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. …

Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis: Which Targets Came from the Bench to the Bedside?

Bone metastases ultimately result from a complex interaction between cancer cells and bone microenvironment. However, prior to the colonization of the bone, cancer cells must succeed through a series of steps that will allow them to detach from the primary tumor, enter into circulation, recognize and adhere to specific endothelium, and overcome dormancy. We now know that as important as the metastatic cascade, tumor cells prime the secondary organ microenvironment prior to their arrival, reflecting the existence of specific metastasis-initiating cells in the primary tumor and circulating osteo

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… The receptor activator of NFκB (RANK) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on the surface of osteoclast precursor cells, being activated by its ligand RANKL, which is produced by osteocytes, osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. …

Preclinical efficacy of tasquinimod in myelodysplastic neoplasms: Restoring erythropoiesis and mitigating bone loss.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplasia, and a risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. MDS is also associated with a higher incidence of osteoporosis, suggesting a complex interplay between hematopoiesis, the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, and bone homeostasis. Targeting inflammation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly in lower risk MDS. Tasquinimod (TASQ) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the inflammatory alarmin S100A9, blocking its interaction with TLR4 and RAGE receptors. We investi

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… L1/L2 were embedded in paraffin, and 2 µm sections were used for TRAP staining to determine the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes per bone perimeter. Von Kossa/van Gieson staining was performed on 4 µm methyl methacrylate section of L3/L4 to evaluate bone mineralization. …

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

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… Additionally, bone tissue includes four cell types-osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells that are embedded within the extracellular bone matrix, each contributing to the maintenance and remodeling of bone ( Figure 1 ). …

Позвоните посредникам в Множественной миеломе: увязка ожирения с болезнями костей с помощью воспаленных путей.

У пациентов, у которых диагностирован множественный миелома (ММ), основные жалобы на момент диагностики часто связаны с костями, что существенно влияет на качество жизни и повышает заболеваемость и смертность. Ожирение ассоциируется с хроническим воспалительным состоянием, которое приводит к производству различных цитокинов и адипокинов, что может способствовать разрушению костей. Адипониктин, адипокин, в основном скрытый адипоцитами, значительно сокращается в обращении среди лиц с ожирением, что также наблюдается в MM. Это сокращение может привести к нарушению и без того скомпрометированной а

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… Additionally, it can be secreted by skeletal muscle, osteocytes, and lymphocytes, highlighting its diverse role in metabolic regulation and immune modulation [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. It plays a critical role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in modulating insulin sensitivity. …

Advance in the application of organoids in bone diseases.

Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become important human health problems, requiring a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of related diseases and the development of more effective treatments. Bone organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that are useful for drug screening, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling because they may mimic the structure and physiological activities of organs. Here, we describe various potential methods for culturing bone-related organoids from different stem cells, detailing the construction processes and highlighting the main

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… ossification phenotype of BMSCs-based cartilage organoids, indicating the potential for improving the functionality of cartilaginous tissues | Khan et al. (2023) Woven bone organoids | BMSCs | 2021 | The differentiation of human BMSCs into a functional 3D self-organizing co-culture of osteoblasts and osteocytes …