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Potential for Bacillus thuringiensis and Other Bacterial Toxins as Biological Control Agents to Combat Dipteran Pests of Medical and Agronomic Importance.

The control of dipteran pests is highly relevant to humans due to their involvement in the transmission of serious diseases including malaria, dengue fever, Chikungunya, yellow fever, zika, and filariasis; as well as their agronomic impact on numerous crops. Many bacteria are able to produce proteins that are active against insect species. These bacteria include Bacillus thuringiensis, the most widely-studied pesticidal bacterium, which synthesizes proteins that accumulate in crystals with insecticidal properties and which has been widely used in the biological control of insects from differen

Screening of broad spectrum natural pesticides against conserved target arginine kinase in cotton pests by molecular modeling.

Cotton is an economically important crop and its production is challenged by the diversity of pests and related insecticide resistance. Identification of the conserved target across the cotton pest will help to design broad spectrum insecticide. In this study, we have identified conserved sequences by Expressed Sequence Tag profiling from three cotton pests namely Aphis gossypii, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera exigua. One target protein arginine kinase having a key role in insect physiology and energy metabolism was studied further using homology modeling, virtual screening, molecular do

An incurable itch: head lice.

QUESTION: Head lice infestations continue to be seen frequently in many communities. Some of these children require multiple treatments befo … cy of these treatments are lacking. Treatment should be repeated in approximately 7 days if topical insecticides are used or every 2 to 3 days for 2 weeks if wet combing is used. Lice resistance patterns vary widely geographically, and resistance is now the most common cause of treatment failure.

Mites and lice: biology and control.

Dogs and cats frequently encounter a diverse variety of mite and lice species, which may result in mild to severe consequences depending on … and control these infestations. Some of the more recently developed, low-volume, topically applied insecticides and systemically acting macrolide formulations, although not always labeled for specific claims, may offer safe, efficacious, and convenient alternatives. The practitioner may wish to consider these products when implementing treatment and control p …

Methyl parathion: a review of health effects.

Methyl parathion is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide with insecticidal properties derived from acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition; this same property is also the root of its toxicity in humans. Poisoning with methyl parathion leads to cholinergic overstimulation with signs of toxicity including sweating, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and, in extreme cases, death. Reports of methyl parathion intoxication, usually seen only in field pesticide applicators, have increased throughout the United States as a result of unauthorized application

[Studies on the effect of deltamethrin bath treatment of hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani for interrupting kala-azar transmission].

Phlebotomus chinensis were fed respectively on two groups of Cricetulus barabensis infected with Leishmania donovani, of which one group had received deltamethrin bath and the other was not treated with insecticide bath. The results showed that all the sandflies in the former group died within 24 hours, while those in the latter group had a high survival rate. Among the 165 sandflies examined, 114 (69.1%) became infected. The promastigotes not only developed well in the midgut, but also invaded esophagus, pharynx and proboscis. In the control group, the mortality of sandflies in 24 hours was 5

Residual activity of selected pesticides on laying hens treated for northern fowl mite control by dipping.

Aqueous suspensions of malathion, stirofos, Ravap, and carbaryl formulations (.25 to 1.0%) were tested as dips for control of the northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on caged White Leghorn hens. Hens treated with Ravap showed symptoms of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning soon after treatment and some died as a result of the dip; however, dipping with the other insecticides did not result in any apparent toxic effects. Malathion gave residual control of mites for about 4 weeks posttreatment, but both stirofos and carbaryl dips gave complete control f…

Dimethoate delimits both the donor and acceptor side functions of photosystem II of the soil cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7119.

The non-target toxicity of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides has affected the distribution and metabolic performances of native microbial communities resulting in loss of soil productivity. Dimethoate (DM) and other OP insecticides are known to decrease physiological performances and change the biochemical composition of cyanobacteria but detailed evaluation of the impact of DM on the photosystem II (PS II), specifically on the major light harvesting and water splitting processes, is lacking. We observed that DM (at 50-200 μM) reduced growth, pigment contents, and photosynthesis, but enhanced…

Single Species In Vitro Assays with Nitrifying Bacteria and Archaea for Assessing the Toxicity of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms.

Single species tests on surrogate organisms from different trophic levels constitute a cornerstone in aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicology, … le species in vitro testing system. We assessed the toxicity of ten pesticides of major categories (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides) on a range of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and functionally associated nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in liquid cultures, representing all major soil lineages of both groups. Toxicity e …

Mosquito mutations F290V and F331W expressed in acetylcholinesterase of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli): biochemical properties and inhibitor sensitivity.

BACKGROUND: The Old World sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), a vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is usually controlled by insecticides, including anticholinesterases. Previous studies have revealed 85% amino acid sequence identity of recombinant P. papatasi acetylcholinesterase (rPpAChE1) to mosquito AChE. They identified synthetic carbamates that selectively inhibited rPpAChE1 and circumvented the G119S mutation responsible for high-level resistance to anticholinesterases. This study reports the construction, baculovirus expression, and biochemical properties of rPpAChE1 cont…

Toxicity of Macroalgae Extracts to Larvae of the Northern House Mosquito.

The continuous use of synthetic insecticides to suppress mosquito larvae has detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. Finding novel and target-specific bio-insecticides has become crucial. Here, the larvicidal and genotoxic activities of different extracts from Ulva lactuca and Turbinaria ornata toward Culex pipiens larvae were investigated. The macroalgae thalli were subjected to various solvent extractions followed by phytochemical quantification, larvicidal testing on C. pipiens larvae, genotoxic evaluation through comet assays, and compound characterization by gas chromatog…

Assessing the impact and mechanisms of environmental pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) on the male reproductive system: a comprehensive review.

The escalation of technological advancements, coupled with the increased use of hazardous chemicals, has emerged as a significant concern for human health. Exposure to environmental pollutants like heavy metals and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) is known to significantly contribute to various health problems, particularly affecting reproductive health. Disturbances in reproductive potential and reproductive toxicity in males are particularly worrisome. Existing literature suggests that exposure to these environmental pollutants significantly alters male reproductive param…

Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence.

Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfield…

Predictors of Testicular Cancer Mortality in Brazil: A 20-Year Ecological Study.

Testicular cancer is common in young men, and early detection and multimodality treatment can lead to successful outcomes. This study aims t … e singles had lower survival rates. The Northeast region had a higher survival rate. Fungicides and insecticides increase ASMR in Brazil. Herbicides increase ASMR in the Northeast and Midwest regions and insecticides increase ASMR in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. High rates of implementation of diagnostic procedures in the Midwest were not suf …

Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt Proteins as Enablers of Activity of Cry and Tpp Toxins against Aedes albopictus.

Aedes albopictus is a species of mosquito, originally from Southeast Asia, that belongs to the Culicidae family and the Dipteran insect order. The distribution of this vector has rapidly changed over the past decade, making most of the temperate territories in the world vulnerable to important human vector-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, zika or chikungunya. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis (Bti)-based insecticides represent a realistic alternative to the most common synthetic insecticides for the control of mosquito larvae. However, several studies have revealed emerging …

First Report of Adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistance to Pyrethroids in Argentina.

Severe human arboviral diseases can be transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Adult control using spatial sprays with adulticides is recommended only when dengue outbreaks occur. In Argentina, mainly pyrethroids, like cis-permethrin, have been used as an adulticide, especially since 2008. The evolution and spread of resistance to insecticides is a major concern for vector control. This study reports for the first time pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti adults from Argentina, in the city of Salvador Mazza (Salta). WHO discr…

Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides.

The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) calculates the hazardous concentration at which 5% of species (HC5) will be potentially affected. For many compounds, HC5 values are unavailable impeding the derivation of SSD curves. Through a detailed bibliographic survey, we selected HC5 values (from acute toxicity tests) for freshwater aquatic species and 129 pesticides. The statistical distribution and variability of the HC5 values within the chemical classes were evaluated. Insecticides are the most toxic compounds in the aquatic communities (HC5 = 1.4 × 10-3 µmol L-1), followed by herbicides (H…

Management strategies against Drosophila suzukii: insights into Swiss grape growers choices.

BACKGROUND: In 2017, we investigated measures adopted by Swiss grape growers in response to Drosophila suzukii by conducting a survey presenting information obtained from 372 growers on 1708 vineyards. RESULTS: We found the strategies adopted to be heterogeneous and largely dependent on grape variety (table vs. wine grapes). We identified six clusters of control methods to combat D. suzukii, the most important of which involves using a combination of control methods such as insecticides, mass trapping and sanitation measures, especially pinching of foliage or mowing and mulching. Grape grower…

Animal Pesticide Poisoning in Tunisia.

During the period from 2014 to 2017, a retrospective study on pesticide poisoning in domestic animals and livestock was compiled and then an … suspected samples, 21 (29.6%) cases were found positive for various kinds of pesticides. Carbamate insecticides were the most frequently implicated pesticide (52.4% of the total positive cases), followed by organophosphate insecticides (19%), then rodenticides-anticoagulants and rodenticides non-anticoagulants (14.3% each). Therefore, carbamates and organopho …

Аэдес аегипти личинки, обработанные спинозадом, производят взрослые с поврежденной средней гусеницей и пониженной плодовитостью.

Комары Aedes aegypti являются главным вектором вирусов Денге, Чикунгунья, Зика и желтой лихорадки, которые являются причиной высокой заболеваемости и смертности. Борьба с этими патогенами основывается главным образом на борьбе с переносчиками насекомых с использованием инсектицидов. Что касается инсектицидов, то спинозадный биоинсектицид является эффективным средством борьбы с личинками А. аегипти и может быть альтернативой борьбе с переносчиками болезней. Здесь мы исследуем сублетальное воздействие спинозада во время метаморфоза женщин А. агипти и его кумулятивное воздействие на способность к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses, which are responsible for high human morbidity and mortality. The fight against these pathogens is mainly based on the control of the insect vector with the use of insecticides. Among insecticides, spinosad bioinsecticide is efficient against A. aegypti larv…