Результаты поиска

The Spectrum of Pediatric Cardiac Procedures and Their Outcomes: A Six-month Report from the Largest Cardiac Facility in Sindh, Pakistan.

Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect globally, with low-to-middle income Asian countries registering the highest incidence. Every year, 60,000 babies are born with varying severity of CHD in Pakistan. But the country has only three pediatric intensive care units (PICU) fully dedicated to child cardiac surgery patients. The focus of this study is to analyze the spectrum of pediatric cardiac surgical procedures performed for the management of CHD and their outcomes in a cardiac PICU in Pakistan. Methods In this analysis, all surgical records of children adm…

Validation of the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) for stress measurement among adults residing in urban communities in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) developed by Richard Rahe has enabled quantification of stress by analyzing life events. The overall aim of the study was to create a reliable version of the Rahe's RLCQ for measuring stress in individuals living in developing countries and assess its validity. This paper discusses criterion validation of the adapted RLCQ in urban communities in Pakistan. METHODS: This is a criterion validation study. Four urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan were selected for the study in which households were randomly chosen. Two data collectors were as…

The Relationship between Body Mass Index in Pregnancy and Adverse Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Rural India and Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes in rural India and Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective, population-based pregnancy registry implemented in communities in Thatta, Pakistan and Nagpur and Belagavi, India, we obtained women's BMI prior to 12 weeks' gestation (categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese following World Health Organization criteria). Outcomes were assessed 42 days postpartum. RESULTS: The proportion of women with an adverse matern…

Vitamin-D Toxicity And Other Non-Malignant Causes Of Hypercalcemia: A Retrospective Study At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Hypercalcemia is a common clinical problem; primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy is commonest causes of hypercalcemia. Aetiology of hypercalcemia are changing, causes that were diseases of the past like Vitamin-D toxicity and milk alkali syndrome are observed more often. Vitamin-D deficiency is an important problem and overzealous replacement of Vitamin-D has been observed, suspected to cause toxicity. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of patients admitted at the Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 with hypercalcemia. We reviewed the electr

The role of supplementary environmental surveillance to complement acute flaccid paralysis surveillance for wild poliovirus in Pakistan - 2011-2013.

BACKGROUND: More than 99% of poliovirus infections are non-paralytic and therefore, not detected by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Environmental surveillance (ES) can detect circulating polioviruses from sewage without relying on clinical presentation. With extensive ES and continued circulation of polioviruses, Pakistan presents a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of ES as a supplement to AFP surveillance on overall completeness and timeliness of poliovirus detection. METHODS: Genetic, geographic and temporal data were obtained for all wild poliovirus (WPV) isolates dete…

Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancers are Two Distinct Disease Entities: an Analysis of 200 Cases in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that there are differences in histological and genetic characteristics along with clinical behavior between right- and left-sided colon carcinomas. We have compared various parameters of the two types and assessed associations of the results with prognosis in patients in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 200 cases from our institutional database; 100 cases of right-sided and 100 cases of left-sided colon cancer. Parameters including age, gender, TNM stage, histological features and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The patients with rig…

Quality of antenatal care and household wealth as determinants of institutional delivery in Pakistan: Results of a cross-sectional household survey.

BACKGROUND: Pakistan has a high burden of maternal and newborn mortality, which would be largely preventable through appropriate antenatal and delivery care. While the influence of socio-economic status on institutional delivery is well established in the literature, relatively little is known about the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and institutional delivery. METHODS: A household survey of 4,000 currently married women who had given birth in the two years before the survey was conducted in Sindh province in 2013. The survey collected data on socio-economic and demographi…

Trajectory of cause of death among brought dead neonates in tertiary care public facilities of Pakistan: A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Considering the fact that Pakistan is amongst the countries with very high neonatal mortality rates, we conducted a research study to determine the possible causes and characteristics of neonates presenting dead to the emergency department of tertiary public health care facilities of Pakistan using verbal autopsies. METHODS: A descriptive case series study was conducted in emergency department/pediatrics ward/neonatal ward/nursery unit of ten tertiary care public health facilities, situated in seven major cities of Pakistan from November, 2011 to June, 2013. Precoded verbal autops…

Detection of BCR/ABL Fusion Gene by Hematological and Cytogenetical Analysis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Quetta, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11

Clinical presentation and predictors of survival in patients with Budd Chiari syndrome: experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine aetiology, clinical presentation and predictors of survival in Budd Chiari Syndrome patients. METHODS: The prospective observational study based on non-probability convenient sampling was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, and comprised Budd Chiari Syndrome patients between January 2004 and December 2013. The patients were evaluated for onset of symptoms, causes, mode of presentation and predictors of survival. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 16(64%) were males, and 16(64%) belonged

Abuse among school going adolescents in three major cities of Pakistan: is it associated with school performances and mood disorders?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion of various types of abuses and their association with school performances and psychological stress among adolescents from three major cities of Pakistan. METHODS: The cross-sectional school survey was conducted from March to September 2009, comprising adolescent students at six schools in Karachi, Lahore and Quetta. Data was collected using a self-administered and pre-tested questionnaire by trained medical students. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 414 subjects in the study, there were 223 (54%) boys and 191 (46%) girls with an o…

Unregulated usage of labour-inducing medication in a region of Pakistan with poor drug regulatory control: characteristics and risk patterns.

BACKGROUND: In developing countries such as Pakistan, poor training of mid-level cadres of health providers, combined with unregulated availability of labour-inducing medication can carry considerable risk for mother and child during labour. Here, we describe the exposure to labour-inducing medication and its possible risks in a vulnerable population in a conflict-affected region of Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using programme data, compared the outcomes of obstetric risk groups of women treated with unregulated oxytocin, with those of women with regulated treatment. RESUL…

Приветствует глобальную кампанию по борьбе с полиомиелитом в Пакистане: обзор нынешнего положения дел и будущих перспектив достижения мира, свободного от полиомиелита.

Глобальная инициатива по искоренению полиомиелита, направленная на полное искоренение полиомиелита к 2000 году, была успешной, за исключением трех эндемических и некоторых не эндемических стран. Пакистан, один из трех эндемических резервуаров полиомиелита, создает серьезную угрозу для успеха этой инициативы. В настоящее время расширенная программа иммунизации направлена на то, чтобы выиграть гонку против вируса полиомиелита в Пакистане. После значительного сокращения числа случаев заболевания полиомиелитом с 198 в 2011 году до только 58 в 2012 году Пакистан, как представляется, находится на гр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative to eradicate polio completely by the year 2000 has been successful, except for three endemic and some non-endemic countries. Pakistan, one of the three endemic polio reservoirs, is posing a serious threat to the success of the initiative. Currently, the expanded programme on immunisation has been geared to win the race…

Effects of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer: a population-based case-control study in Pakistan.

Cancer is widely accepted as one of the major health issues. Diet composition and exposure to environmental genotoxic and carcinogenic agents such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the causative factors for various types of cancers, including breast cancer. Low penetrance genes including glutathione S transferases (GST) in association with environmental factors can contribute greatly in the development of breast cancer. We were interested to investigate the association of the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTO2 with the risk of breast cancer in the Pakistani popul…

The October 2005 earthquake in Northern Pakistan: patterns of injuries in victims brought to the Emergency Relief Hospital, Doraha, Mansehra.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of injuries of earthquake victims is important to plan relief efforts. This cross-sectional study was conducted following the 08 October 2005 earthquake in Northern Pakistan to determine the pattern of injuries sustained and their relationship with age and gender in order to identify the medical needs in an earthquake-affected zone. METHODS: The study was conducted between 13 October and 23 October 2005 at the Emergency Relief Hospital, Doraha, Mansehra. From the 1,700 patients registered in the hospital, 310 were sampled randomly for the study. Demography and details of …

Co-circulations of two genotypes of dengue virus in 2006 out-break of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: The status of dengue genotypes involved in the recent epidemic out-breaks in Pakistan is not well defined. OBJECTIVES: We sought to analyze the predominant genotype responsible for the most severe and largest out-break of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that hit Karachi in 2006. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of stored serum samples for dengue virus genotype by multiplex RT-PCR, anti-dengue IgM, IgG and review of clinical charts of patients admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital. RESULTS: Viral RNA detection of 250 patients revealed positive results in 185 (74.0%) samples…

The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey--research design, eye examination methodology and results of the pilot study.

PURPOSE: To establish age- and sex-specific prevalence rates and causes of blindness and low vision in children aged 10 to 15 years and adults aged 30 years and older in Pakistan. METHODS: Multi-stage, stratified (rural/urban), cluster random sampling, with probability proportional-to-size procedures, was utilised to select a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of adults (16,600 subjects) and children (6,000 subjects). Each subject underwent: interview, visual acuity (logMAR), autorefraction and optic disc examination. Those that saw < 6/12 in either eye underwent corrected visu…

Failure of short-course ceftriaxone chemotherapy for multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in children: a randomized controlled trial in Pakistan.

The precise duration of therapy of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid with broad-spectrum cephalosporins is uncertain. We prospectively randomized 57 children with culture-proven MDR typhoid to receive treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone (CRO) (65 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 7 days (short course; n = 29) or 14 days (conventional; n = 28). The response to therapy, as evaluated by the serial monitoring of the typhoid morbidity score and bacteriological clearance, was comparable between groups. In contrast to the conventional therapy, 14% of the children receiving CRO for 7 days had a confirm

Mothers' fear of child death due to acute diarrhoea: a study in urban and rural communities in northern Punjab, Pakistan.

The investigation of cultural models of diarrhoeal illness which are employed by mothers and their emotional responses to children's illnesses is presented in a study of 595 households in urban and rural communities in Punjab, Pakistan. The household survey of mothers of children 0-36 months was complemented with in-depth interviews of a subsample of 70 mothers. Findings indicate that diarrhoea must be regarded not only as a disease but as a symptom belonging to several popular illness categories. Mothers' emotional responses to symptoms are in part shaped by the illness categories to which th…

Evolutionary insights and antibiogram analysis of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from bovine subclinical mastitis in Pakistan.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli has become a significant challenge, limiting therapeutic options due to its structural adaptability and increasing resistance pattern. This study was targeted at understanding the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli involved in subclinical mastitis (SCM), accompanied by computational modeling of β-lactamase in conjunction with antibiogram analysis. Three eighty-four milk samples were examined for SCM and the identification of E. coli. The ESBL isolates were phenotypically tested using the double-disc synergy testing (DDST) fol