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Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much highe

Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Oral Microbiome: Clinical Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) represents a serious health condition, impacting the lives of many patients worldwide. The condition challenges clinical care due to its complex etiology and limited therapeutic options. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiological and patient-related factors that promote disease development is essential. Recently, the oral microbiome has been implicated as a potential driver and modulating factor of BRONJ by several studies. Modern genomic sequencing methods have provided a wealth of data on the microbial composition of BRONJ lesio

Лечение связанного с лекарствами остеонекроза челюсти с помощью клеточной терапии.

Введение: Остеонекроз челюсти (MRONJ), связанный с лекарственными препаратами, представляет собой серьезную проблему с учетом отсутствия «золотого стандартного» лечения. Клеточная терапия и тканевая инженерия предлагают перспективные терапевтические альтернативы. Цель этого исследования заключалась в использовании регенеративных свойств стромальной сосудистой фракции (AT-SVF) и лейкоцитного фибрина с высоким содержанием лейкоцита (L-PRF) для обработки MRONJ. AT-SVF содержит мезенхимальные стромальные клетки (MSC) и эндотелиальные клетки потомства (EPC), которые способствуют образованию костей,

Repurposing Pharmaceuticals Previously Approved by Regulatory Agencies to Medically Counter Injuries Arising Either Early or Late Following Radiation Exposure.

The increasing risks of radiological or nuclear attacks or associated accidents have served to renew interest in developing radiation medical countermeasures. The development of prospective countermeasures and the subsequent gain of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval are invariably time consuming and expensive processes, especially in terms of generating essential human data. Due to the limited resources for drug development and the need for expedited drug approval, drug developers have turned, in part, to the strategy of repurposing agents for which safety and clinical data are alrea

Роль фитохимикатов в борьбе с нейропотической болью: сколько успехов мы добились?

Нетрофическая боль — это сложное и изнурительное состояние, вызванное повреждением нерва, которое характеризуется такими ощущениями, как горение, покалывание и стрельба. Она часто связана с такими условиями, как множественный склероз (MS), синдром Гильен-Барре (GBS) и диабетическая полиномропата. Лечение обычной боли часто обеспечивает ограниченное облегчение и сопровождается существенными побочными эффектами, подчеркивая необходимость изучения альтернативных вариантов лечения. Фитохимические вещества, являющиеся биоактивными соединениями, полученными от растений, привлекли внимание к их потен

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare condition, typically seen in patients receiving antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. This study aims to synthesize reports and case series of MRONJ regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments applied. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search for case reports and case series was carried out in the PubMed-Medline database until March 2024. A total of 88 articles were included in this review, in a total of 151 cases. The key findings reveal that females were the most affec

[Therapeutic alternatives for drug-associated maxillary osteonecrosis (MRONJ): reports of two clinical cases and review of the literature].

INTRODUCTION: Drug-associated Maxillary Osteonecrosis is one of the most relevant adverse effects in treatment with antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. Oncological conditions such as multiple myeloma, breast cancer, prostate, and bone-metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis lead the indications for these antiresorptive therapies. Treatment is complex because the disease is often refractory. Pharmacological, conservative and surgical treatments are described. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report two clinical cases of MRONJ treated with two different therapeuti

Interventions for the treatment of brain radionecrosis after radiotherapy or radiosurgery.

BACKGROUND: Brain radionecrosis (tissue death caused by radiation) can occur following high-dose radiotherapy to brain tissue and can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life (QoL) and function. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear for this condition, which makes establishing effective treatments challenging. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions used for the treatment of brain radionecrosis in adults over 18 years old. SEARCH METHODS: In October 2017, we searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase an

Research progress of novel anti-tumor drug formulations.

Cancers have become the second leading cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases.Traditional anti- cancer strategies, including radiotherapy chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapies, have been widely used but are often reassessed due to their significant side effects and relatively low cure rate. Recently, the development of novel formulations for anti-tumor drugs has gained considerable attention, marking a pivotal step forward in cancer treatment advancements. These innovative formulations aim to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs by employing advance

New insights into the activities and toxicities of the old anticancer drug doxorubicin.

The anthracycline drug doxorubicin is among the most used-and useful-chemotherapeutics. While doxorubicin is highly effective in the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumours, its application is limited by severe adverse effects, including irreversible cardiotoxicity, therapy-related malignancies and gonadotoxicity. This continues to motivate investigation into the mechanisms of anthracycline activities and toxicities, with the aim to overcome the latter without sacrificing the former. It has long been appreciated that doxorubicin causes DNA double-strand breaks due to

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,

Connection between nutrition and oncology in dogs and cats: perspectives, evidence, and implications-a comprehensive review.

Oncology has become one of the most influential and studied areas in both human and companion animal health. In veterinary practice, cancer represents a significant challenge, especially concerning cats and dogs. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of oncology patients in veterinary medicine; however, is often nonspecific and reliant on data from other species and diseases, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review of the latest developments in this field. Since the intricate relationship between nutrition and cancer encompasses various aspects, this review therefore intend

Advances in delivery methods of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) aqueous extract has massive amounts of natural products that can be used as future drugs, such as C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, etc. This extract was chosen because of its high adaptability, which reflects its resolute genetic composition. The proactive roles of cyanobacteria, particularly in the medical field, have been discussed in this review, including the history, previous food and drug administration (FDA) reports, health benefits and the various dose-dependent therapeutic functions that A. platensis possesses, including its role in fighting against

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… This also includes a high phenol, tocopherols and linolenic acid contents [ 34 ], minerals and several phytonutrients. In addition, A. platensis has no cellulose surfaces, making it edible and easy to digest [ 34 ]. … On top of this, A. platensis is rich in tocopherol (vitamin E), which plays a vital role in postponing the onset of diabetic drawbacks and hindering the progression of diabetic complications [ 77 ]. …

Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy.

Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Desp

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Vitamin E Vitamin E is a hydrophobic fat-soluble compound that exists in a variety of food sources, and it in nature occurs as 8 isoforms (tocopherols and tocotrienols, both as α , β , γ , and δ forms); however, only α -tocopherol is considered to be essential for human [ 102 , 103 ]. … Many tocopherols, one vitamin E Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2018 61 92 103 10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.004 2-s2.0-85020518769 28624327 104 Ricciarelli R. Azzi A. …

Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Without and With the Use of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is drug-induced bone destruction that is exposed for a minimum of 6 to 8 weeks in patients who have not received head and neck radiotherapy and who have not been diagnosed with facial bone metastases. MRONJ treatment outcomes are unpredictable. Therefore, alternative treatment methods are being explored, such as blood-derived platelet-rich preparations enriched with growth factors, including advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). The presence of growth factors may enhance healing and reduce post-procedure complications. There are

Связь между окисляющим стрессом, митохондриальной дисфункцией, железным метаболизмом и микроглией в множестве склерозов: обзор нарации.

В последние годы в патогенезе множественного склероза особое внимание уделяется митохондриальным процессам, влияющим на начало заболевания. Окисляющий стресс будет одним из последствий митохондриальной дисфункции, и его воздействие на ткани мозга хорошо описано. Микроглия, как макрофаж мозга, имеет важную функцию в удалении нежелательных метаболитов, а также железа, который является усилителем окислительного стресса. Существуют новшества с точки зрения связи между этими процессами, которые в большей степени перенаправляют исследования на сам процесс нейродегенерации, с тем чтобы больше не дела

Combating Methotrexate Resistance in Cancer Treatment: A Review on Navigating Pathways and Enhancing Its Efficacy With Fat-Soluble Vitamins.

Methotrexate (MTX), a potent analogue and antagonist of folic acid, is a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, IBD and cancer. The development of MTX resistance contributes to the reduced efficacy and development of adverse reactions, forcing clinicians to withdraw treatment early. This drawback requires combinational approaches to combat the resistance and enhance the efficacy and safety of MTX. To provide a brief overview of MTX resistance and strategies to mitigate its aftereffects in cancer therapy, a literature-based search was conducted using keywords such as cancer pathology, M

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Vitamin E Vitamin E encompasses four tocopherols ( α -, β -, γ - and δ -tocopherols) and four tocotrienols ( α -, β -, γ - and δ -tocotrienols) [ 132 ] found in a variety of foods. Although these forms are all distinctive and cannot be changed into one another, they all have antioxidant qualities. … Remarkably, humans require α -tocopherol to meet their critical Vitamin E needs [ 133 – 135 ]. Vitamin E is a crucial nutrient that affects critical molecular and cellular processes and the regulation of gene expression, all of which are crucial to preventing cancer and CVD [ 136 , 137 ]. …

Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression.

Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulato

Treatment of Stage 2 Medication-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Series.

Medication-induced jaw osteonecrosis (MRONJ) is a rare and serious disease with a negative impact on patients' quality of life, whose exact cause remains unclear and which may have a multifactorial origin. Although there are different therapeutic protocols, there is still no consensus. This case series evaluated three patients diagnosed with staged 2 MRONJ treated at the University of Murcia dental clinic according to the protocols described by the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Within 12 months of the applicat