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The butterfly and the serpent: culture, psychopathology and biomedicine.

Cultural explanations of psychopathology in the West have rarely employed models derived by anthropologists for small-scale non-literate communities. Some general features of those ritual patterns usually classed as 'culture-bound syndromes' are applicable to Western neurosis. Such reactions articulate both personal predicament and public concerns, usually core structural oppositions between age groups or the sexes. They gain their power by relying on certain unquestionable assumptions which, although beyond everyday jural relationships, articulate such relationships. In the case of Western re

Навязчивое сексуальное поведение при навязчивом-компульсивном расстройстве: распространенность и связанная с этим комординация

В МКБ-11 будет включено нарушение сексуального поведения (CSBD) в качестве расстройства импульсного контроля. CSBD также имеет клинические особенности, связанные с навязчиво-компульсивными расстройствами спектра (OSDS) и поведенческими зависимостью. Было проведено относительно небольшое систематическое расследование ОСБД в связи с навязчиво-компульсивным расстройством (ОБД), которое является парадигматическим компульсивным расстройством. Мы поставили перед собой цель определить распространенность ОСБД в ОКР и связанные с этим социально-демографические и клинические особенности, включая связанн

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… , panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic, social phobia, specific phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and self-injurious behavior) between OCD patients with and without CSBD. … 3 (10.0) 19 (3.7) .120 2.9 [0.8–10.3] Alcohol dependence 2 (6.6) 14 (2.8) .220 2.5 [0.5–11.7] Self-injurious behavior 8 (26.7) 66 (13.0) 4.5 .034 2.4 [1.0–5.7] Panic disorder with agoraphobia 5 (16.7) 39 (7.7) 3.1 .080 2.4 [(0.9–6.6] Substance abuse 1 (3.3) 3 (0.6) .210 2.4 [0.5–10.8] Post-traumatic …

Psychiatric comorbidities of posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent refugees in Uganda: A latent class analysis of patterns and covariates.

BACKGROUND: Although psychiatric comorbidities are common among trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD, their patterns and covariates among re … 97% had at least one comorbid disorder: panic disorder (88.9%), generalized anxiety disorder (84%), agoraphobia (75.1%), depressive disorder (62.8%), obsessive compulsive disorder (60.6%), attention deficit disorder (43.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (40.9%), conduct disorder (33.8%), and alcohol use disorder (10.8%). LCA revealed three classes: low-moder …

Clinical Predictors of Cognitive Impairment in a Cohort of Patients with Older Age Bipolar Disorder.

Background: An increased risk of cognitive decline has been reported in patients with older age bipolar disorder (OABD); however, the underl … nce of vascular leukoencephalopathy (p = 0.022) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.043), a lower prevalence of agoraphobia (p = 0.040), worse global functioning (p < 0.001), and higher psychopathology severity (p < 0.001). Late onset, vascular leukoencephalopathy, and dyslipidemia were all independently associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Atypical BD, lat …

Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) after stopping antidepressants: a systematic review with meta-narrative synthesis.

AIMS: The literature on persistent antidepressant withdrawal symptoms is sparse. This systematic review is the first to examine the prevalen … one small cohort study reporting a 15% prevalence rate for PAWS in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. The duration of PAWS varied considerably across studies, ranging from 1.5 to 166 months. Long-term paroxetine use emerged as a potential risk factor for the development of PAWS. There was no reliable evidence to support the effectiveness of various …

Demographic and clinical associations of worst event trauma among a nationally representative sample of individuals with PTSD.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly heterogenous disorders with approximately 636,120 different symptom combinations. The goal … l anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.57, 95 % CI 1.09-2.26), panic disorder (AOR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.23-2.35), agoraphobia (AOR = 1.86, 95 % CI 1.22-2.83), borderline personality disorder (AOR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.12-1.97), and greater PTSD severity (β = 0.55, SE = 0.07. Adult sexual assault was associated with being single (AOR = 0.48, 95 % CI 0.28-0.80) and greater PTSD …

Network analysis of school absence: central symptoms and their functions.

OBJECTIVE: School attendance problems (SAPs) often develop and persist through complex interactions among numerous influences. This study us … and Social Anxiety. Social Anxiety was also highly central in the functions network, with links to Agoraphobia/Panic and Problems with Peers. All 13 nodes were interlinked in both the symptoms and functions networks, reflecting widespread co-occurrence among symptoms and among functions. CONCLUSIONS: Depression's central position across both the symptom and …

Psychological Factors Associated with Functional Tic-like Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Functional tic-like behaviours (FTLB) are a female predominant functional neurological disorder that escalated in incidence during the SARS … order and panic disorder compared to TS and NT participants. Borderline personality disorder (BPD), agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were also significantly more common in FTLB compared to NT participants. Vulnerable attachment scores, social phobia and social interaction anxiety symptoms were higher in participants with …

Psoriasis and mental health in adolescents: A cross-sectional study within the Danish National Birth Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease associated with lower quality of life and higher risk of anxiety and depression in adults. W … a higher risk of nearly all outcomes, including depressive symptoms (OR 1.38; 1.19-1.58) and panic/agoraphobia among both males (OR 1.72; 1.33-2.19) and females (OR 1.60; 1.33-1.92). Associations attenuated when restricted to doctor-diagnosed psoriasis. Associations with poor mental health were mainly observed for adolescents with psoriasis also reporting jo …

Efficacy and acceptability of brain stimulation for anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and acceptability o … r, panic disorder, social panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and agoraphobia, recruited from 41 trials with 86 treatment arms. Network meta-analysis showed that some BSTs had higher efficacy compared to controls, including DBS, ECT, cathodal tDCS, high-frequency rTMS (hf-rTMS), anodal tDCS, and low-frequency rTMS (lf-rTMS). …

The structure of mood and anxiety disorder symptoms in the perinatal period.

BACKGROUND: The perinatal period is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable time for the development and exacerbation of psychiatric symptom … Distress (depression, generalized anxiety, irritability, and panic symptoms), Fear (social anxiety, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms), and Bipolar (mania and obsessive-compulsive symptoms) in both pregnancy and the postpartum. The fit statistics of the models indicated adequate to good fit in both models. LIMITATIONS: The IMAS …

A Three-Year Longitudinal Study of Risk Factors for Suicidality in North Korean Defectors.

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study examined risk factors for future suicidality among North Korean defectors (NKDs) living in South Korea. … ex, and educational level. Of all mental disorder categories, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, agoraphobia, and social phobia were also associated with significantly increased odds of suicidality at follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and prior suicidality at baseline. CONCLUSION: Resilience, a previous history of suicidality, and …

Baseline Psychological Traits Contribute to Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score at High Altitude.

Talks, Benjamin James, Catherine Campbell, Stephanie J. Larcombe, Lucy Marlow, Sarah L. Finnegan, Christopher T. Lewis, Samuel J.E. Lucas, O … wever, AMS symptom burden throughout the trek was found to relate to sea level measures of anxiety, agoraphobia, and neuroticism. Conclusions: This suggests that the Lake Louise AMS score is not solely a reflection of physiological changes on ascent to high altitude, despite often being used as such by researchers and commercial trekking companies alike.

Event-related Oscillations to Emotional Faces are Related to a History of Internalizing Disorders.

Event-related oscillations (EROs) may represent sensitive biomarkers or endophenotypes for disorders that underlie risk behaviors such as suicidal thoughts and actions. In this study, young adults of American Indian (AI) (n = 821) and Mexican American (MA) (n = 721) ancestry (age 18-30 yrs) were clinically assessed for internalizing and externalizing disorders, and an internalizing scale was generated by extracting core diagnostic items from 6 lifetime DSM5-compatible diagnoses (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, major dep…

Functional and structural social support in DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Social support has been found to be a key correlate of many psychiatric disorders including several mood and anxiety disorders. … aumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with functional support, while depression and agoraphobia were uniquely associated with structural support. Major depression and persistent depression were the two most important predictors of functional social support. LIMITATIONS: The current study utilized cross-sectional data and does not allow for ca …

Two decades of digital interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions for anxiety disorders are a promising solution to address barriers to evidence-based treatment access. Pre … lized anxiety disorder (g = 0.62), mixed anxiety samples (g = 0.68), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (g = 1.08) and social anxiety disorder (g = 0.76) subgroups. No subgroups were significantly different or related to the pooled effect size. Notably, the effects of guided interventions (g = 0.84) and unguided interventions (g = 0.64) were not signi …

Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment in Phobias: a Systematic Review.

We compare the relative efficacy of virtual reality therapy exposure (VRET) versus in vivo therapy exposure among individuals suffering from … uting, Therapy, HMD, CAVE, Virtual ambient, in virtuo, Avoidance, Exposure, VRET, in vivo, Anxiety, Agoraphobia, Social Phobia, Stimuli, Cognitive-behaviour. All studies that evaluate the effect of in virtuo exposure towards phobia rehabilitation were selected. By reviewing the article, each author then applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 30 art …

Incidence and risk factors of mental disorders in the elderly: The European MentDis_ICF65+ study.

OBJECTIVE: While incidence rates of depression and anxiety disorders in the elderly have been comprehensively investigated, the incidence ra … The incidence rate for any affective disorder was 2.97%. The lowest incidence rates were found for agoraphobia (1.37%) and panic disorder (1.30%). Risk factors for the development of any mental disorder were never having been married, no religious affiliation, a higher number of physical illnesses and a lower quality of life. CONCLUSION: In comparison to ot …

Multimorbidity networks of mental disorder symptom domains across psychopathology severity levels in community youth.

Our aim was to scrutinize multimorbidity in a community sample of youths (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort) in form of co-occurrences … of i) domains associated with behavioral disorders; ii) domains associated with anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, social anxiety and specific phobia); iii) domains associated with anxiety/mood/eating and; iv) domains associated with mood/eating disorders. We found that major mental disorder symptom domain interrelations become consistent from a subthreshold le …