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Diagnostic and sex effects on frontostriatal brain wiring structural organization in early psychosis affective subjects compared to healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: Brain connectivity abnormalities may underlie affective psychosis which may be influenced by sex. Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography, we assessed frontostriatal brain wiring connectivity patterns in 46 early psychosis affective and 56 healthy control young adult, male and female participants. METHODS: We collected harmonized whole brain tractography dMRI data from three sites and applied our novel fiber clustering methodology to identify 17 white matter fiber clusters connecting the frontal cortex and caudate per hemisphere in each group. By comparing c

New insights into the neural basis of cognitive control: An event-related fMRI study of task selection processes.

To investigate cognitive control, researchers have repeatedly employed task switching paradigms. The comparison of switch relative to repeat trials reveals longer response times and higher error rates, a pattern that has been interpreted as switching costs. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown the involvement of different brain modules in switching conditions, including prefrontal and parietal regions together with other sub-cortical structures. In this study, the aim was to shed light on the brain basis of cognitive control using an approach that proved useful in pr

Reduced caudate volume and cognitive slowing in men at risk of fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome.

Fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by premutation expansions (55-200 CGG repeats) of the FMR1 gene. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that early cognitive and brain imaging signs may be observed in some premutation carriers without motor signs of FXTAS, but few studies have examined the relationships between subcortical brain volumes and cognitive performance in this group. This study examined the relationships between caudate volume and select cognitive measures (executive function and information processing speed) in men at r

Recovery of dopamine transporters with methamphetamine detoxification is not linked to changes in dopamine release.

Methamphetamine's widepread abuse and concerns that it might increase Parkinson's disease led us to assess if the reported loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in methamphetamine abusers (MA) reflected damage to dopamine neurons. Using PET with [(11)C]cocaine to measure DAT, and with [(11)C]raclopride to measure dopamine release (assessed as changes in specific binding of [(11)C]raclopride between placebo and methylphenidate), which was used as a marker of dopamine neuronal function, we show that MA (n=16), tested during early detoxification, had lower DAT (20-30%) but overall normal DA release

Neurobehavioral comorbidities of pediatric epilepsies are linked to thalamic structural abnormalities.

PURPOSE: Neurobehavioral comorbidities are common in pediatric epilepsy with enduring adverse effects on functioning, but their neuroanatomic underpinning is unclear. Striatal and thalamic abnormalities have been associated with childhood-onset epilepsies, suggesting that epilepsy-related changes in the subcortical circuit might be associated with the comorbidities of children with epilepsy. We aimed to compare subcortical volumes and their relationship with age in children with complex partial seizures (CPS), childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), and healthy controls (HC). We examined the shared

Reduced uptake of FDOPA PET in end-stage liver disease with elevated manganese levels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether manganese toxicity secondary to end-state liver disease is associated with nigrastriatal dysfunction as measured by 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging. DESIGN: Observational case report. SETTING: The Movement Disorder Center at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri. PATIENT: An individual with manganese toxicity secondary to end-stage liver disease. His FDOPA PET was compared with those of 10 idiopathic Parkinson disease patients and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The average esti

Age-dependent effects of kappa-opioid receptor stimulation on cocaine-induced stereotyped behaviors and dopamine overflow in the caudate-putamen: an in vivo microdialysis study.

kappa-Opioid receptor stimulation attenuates psychostimulant-induced increases in extracellular dopamine in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens of adult rats, while reducing cocaine-induced locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors. Because kappa-opioid receptor agonists (e.g., U50,488 or U69,593) often affect the behavior of preweanling rats in a paradoxical manner, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether kappa-opioid receptor stimulation differentially affects dopaminergic functioning in the CPu depending on age. In vivo microdialysis was used to determine wh

Lateralized caudate metabolic abnormalities in adolescent major depressive disorder: a proton MR spectroscopy study.

OBJECTIVE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) has been increasingly used to examine striatal neurochemistry in adult major depressive disorder. This study extends the use of this modality to pediatric major depression to test the hypothesis that adolescents with major depression have elevated concentrations of striatal choline and creatine and lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate. METHOD: Fourteen adolescents (ages 12-19 years, eight female) who had major depressive disorder for at least 8 weeks and a severity score of 40 or higher on the Children's Depression Rating Scale

Viewing facial expressions of pain engages cortical areas involved in the direct experience of pain.

Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological work has begun to shed light on how the brain responds to the viewing of facial expressions of emotion. However, one important category of facial expression that has not been studied on this level is the facial expression of pain. We investigated the neural response to pain expressions by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as subjects viewed short video sequences showing faces expressing either moderate pain or, for comparison, no pain. In alternate blocks, the same subjects received both painful and non-painful thermal stimulatio

In vivo gene delivery of glial cell line--derived neurotrophic factor for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 1,000,000 Americans. The cause of the disease remains unknown. The histopathological hallmarks of the disease are dopaminergic striatal insufficiency secondary to a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and intracellular inclusion called Lewy bodies. Currently, only symptomatic treatment for PD is available. Although some treatments are efficacious for many years, all have significant limitations and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Gene therapy is ideal for delive

A controlled positron emission tomography study of obsessive and neutral auditory stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder with checking rituals.

Ten nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who were characterized by predominant checking rituals were compared with 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow levels (rCBF) were measured with positron emission tomography (H2 15O) across four conditions: rest, auditory stimulation with idiosyncratic normal or abnormal obsession, auditory stimulation with neutral verbal stimuli, and rest. Order of neutral and obsessive stimulation was randomized. Higher subjective responses to obsessive than to neutral stimulation were found in

Neurosonographic findings in full-term infants born to maternal cocaine abusers: visualization of subependymal and periventricular cysts.

Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been linked to maternal cocaine abuse since Chasnoff et al's report of cerebral infarction in a single full-term offspring of a cocaine-abusing mother. Neurosonography was performed on 18 full-term offspring of cocaine-abusing mothers and 19 age-matched controls to look for possible abnormalities. There were no cases of infarction or intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage. There were, however, 6 patients with abnormalities among the cocaine-abusing group: 5 patients with unilateral or bilateral germinal matrix cysts and 3 patients with subtle cystic

Simulation and assessment of cerebrovascular damage in deep brain stimulation using a stereotactic atlas of vasculature and structure derived from multiple 3- and 7-tesla scans.

OBJECT: The most severe complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is intracranial hemorrhage. Detailed knowledge of the cerebrovasculature could reduce the rate of this disorder. Morphological scans typically acquired in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (SFN) by using 1.5-T (or sometimes even 3-T) imaging units poorly depict the vasculature. Advanced angiographic imaging, including 3- and 7-T 3D time-of-flight and susceptibility weighted imaging as well as 320-slice CT angiography, depict the vessels in great detail. However, these acquisitions are not used in SFN clinical practice,

Magnetic resonance imaging changes and clinical features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare clinical imaging syndrome. The causes of RPLS are complex and … ADC value of the right frontal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral thalamus, bilateral head of caudate nucleus, left lenticular nucleus, right internal capsule, bilateral temporal lobe and pons in the case group were significantly higher (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in ADC value of bilateral sides of the case group and before and after t …

Static and dynamic functional connectivity of the bilateral insula in patients with migraine without aura: a resting-state fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and the standard deviation of dynamic functional conn … us. Dynamic connectivity analysis identified lower dFCstd involving the left insula and ipsilateral caudate nucleus and higher dFCstd involving the left insula and ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus, orbital part. All group differences survived FDR correction. Exploratory correlation analyses showed that several altered connectivity measures were associated with …

Pre-treatment functional connectivity patterns associated with variability in cognitive-behavioral therapy response in specific phobia.

Specific phobia is an anxiety disorder marked by excessive fear of particular objects or situations. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is generally effective, patient response varies. The study aimed to explore neural predictors for characterization of treatment-response variability and individualized treatment approaches. Focusing on connectivity rather than structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging features, it also explored pre-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging differences between high and low responders based on clinically significant changes after therapy. Twen

Понятия от количественного удобочитаемого картографирования: Umbrella Review of Multical Sclerosis.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы, характеризующимся обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией. Обычные методы МРТ не содержат конкретной информации для выявления незначительных патологических изменений, таких, как осаждение железа и динамика миелина. Количественное картографирование (QSM) — усовершенствованный метод МРТ, чувствительный к магнитной восприимчивости к тканям (PP), — стало многообещающим инструментом для оценки патологии, связанной с железом, и обезвоживания в MS. Этот зонтичный обзор обобщает данные, полученные в рез

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination … monstrated elevated χ in deep gray matter structures-particularly the globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus-in MS patients compared to healthy controls, correlating with clinical disability (e.g., Expanded Disability Status Scale scores) and cognitive dysfunction. Thalamic χ exhibited dynamic patterns, with reduced susceptibility in advanced disease stage …

Sex Differences in Progression of Neurodegeneration: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study.

INTRODUCTION: Advancing age is associated with global brain atrophy. Cross-sectional studies have found sex differences in neuroanatomy; how … longitudinal atrophy in the total gray matter, as well as in the parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, brainstem, left cerebellum, precentral gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and orbitofrontal cortex. Whereas women exhibited greater atrophy over time in total white matter, but not in specific regions. No moderation was found between sex differences …